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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of reliability?
What is the main focus of reliability?
- Difficulty level of test items
- Validity of measurements
- Consistency of scores (correct)
- Observer agreement
What does validity measure?
What does validity measure?
- Whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure (correct)
- Agreement among observers
- Consistency of scores
- Difficulty level of test items
What is the relationship between reliability and validity in a test?
What is the relationship between reliability and validity in a test?
- Reliability is not necessary if validity is high
- Reliability is sufficient for a test to be considered valid
- Validity is more important than reliability
- Both reliability and validity are prerequisites for a good test (correct)
Why is it not enough to measure aggression solely based on observer agreement in the example given?
Why is it not enough to measure aggression solely based on observer agreement in the example given?
What characteristic does reliability ensure in test items?
What characteristic does reliability ensure in test items?
What does validity ensure in a test?
What does validity ensure in a test?
What is the main focus of test-retest reliability?
What is the main focus of test-retest reliability?
Intraobserver reliability is concerned with ratings done by:
Intraobserver reliability is concerned with ratings done by:
What aspect of measurement does inter-item reliability focus on?
What aspect of measurement does inter-item reliability focus on?
When is parallel forms of reliability used?
When is parallel forms of reliability used?
What does interobserver reliability measure?
What does interobserver reliability measure?
What is the main focus of intraobserver reliability?
What is the main focus of intraobserver reliability?
What is the purpose of inter-rater reliability?
What is the purpose of inter-rater reliability?
When is inter-item reliability considered to be high?
When is inter-item reliability considered to be high?
What does test-retest reliability measure?
What does test-retest reliability measure?
What does parallel forms of reliability correlate?
What does parallel forms of reliability correlate?
What is measured by equivalence reliability?
What is measured by equivalence reliability?
When is it important to ensure high inter-rater reliability?
When is it important to ensure high inter-rater reliability?
Which type of validity establishes that the measure covers the full range of the concept’s meaning?
Which type of validity establishes that the measure covers the full range of the concept’s meaning?
What type of validity compares two instruments or methods that measure the same or a similar construct at the same time?
What type of validity compares two instruments or methods that measure the same or a similar construct at the same time?
Which type of validity describes how closely scores on a test correspond with behavior as measured in other contexts?
Which type of validity describes how closely scores on a test correspond with behavior as measured in other contexts?
What type of validity establishes that the results from one measure match those obtained with a more direct or already validated measure of the same phenomenon?
What type of validity establishes that the results from one measure match those obtained with a more direct or already validated measure of the same phenomenon?
Which type of validity is described as confidence gained from careful inspection of a concept to see if it’s appropriate “on its face”?
Which type of validity is described as confidence gained from careful inspection of a concept to see if it’s appropriate “on its face”?
Which type of validity exists when a measure yields scores that are closely related to scores on a criterion measured at the same time?
Which type of validity exists when a measure yields scores that are closely related to scores on a criterion measured at the same time?
What type of validity is established by showing that a measure is related to a variety of other measures as specified in a theory, used when no clear criterion exists for validation purposes?
What type of validity is established by showing that a measure is related to a variety of other measures as specified in a theory, used when no clear criterion exists for validation purposes?
When is predictive validity said to exist?
When is predictive validity said to exist?
What does discriminant validity examine?
What does discriminant validity examine?
When is convergent validity achieved?
When is convergent validity achieved?
What is meant by the term 'construct'?
What is meant by the term 'construct'?
What type of concept is multidimensional and hard to define?
What type of concept is multidimensional and hard to define?
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Study Notes
Reliability and Validity
- The main focus of reliability is on the consistency of the results or scores obtained from a measure.
- Validity measures whether an instrument measures what it claims to measure.
- Reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for validity; a measure can be reliable but not valid.
Types of Reliability
- Test-retest reliability measures the consistency of results over time.
- Intraobserver reliability is concerned with the consistency of ratings done by the same observer.
- Interobserver reliability measures the consistency of ratings between different observers.
- Inter-item reliability focuses on the consistency of individual items within a measure.
- Parallel forms of reliability correlates the results of two different forms of a measure.
- Equivalence reliability measures the consistency of results between two different measures.
Importance of Reliability
- Reliability ensures consistency in test items.
- Reliability is important to measure aggression, as relying solely on observer agreement is not enough.
Types of Validity
- Face validity is established by inspecting a concept to see if it's appropriate "on its face".
- Construct validity exists when a measure yields scores that are closely related to scores on a criterion measured at the same time.
- Convergent validity is achieved when a measure is related to a variety of other measures as specified in a theory.
- Discriminant validity examines whether a measure is not related to other measures that it should not be related to.
- Predictive validity exists when a measure is related to a criterion measured at a later time.
Conceptual Understanding
- A construct is a multidimensional and hard-to-define concept.
- High inter-rater reliability is important in situations where multiple observers are involved.
- Inter-rater reliability is the consistency of ratings between different observers.
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