CH 17: Relative strengths of acids and bases
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a strong acid?

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
  • Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (correct)
  • Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

Which of the following statements about strong bases is true?

  • They typically come from the hydroxides of alkali metals and some alkaline earth metals. (correct)
  • They are not as potent as weak bases.
  • They produce a low concentration of hydroxide ions.
  • They only partially dissociate in water.

Which acid is used in the production of fertilizers and explosives?

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
  • Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
  • Nitric acid (HNO₃) (correct)
  • Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

What is the main component of vinegar?

<p>Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used as a drain cleaner?

<p>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is found naturally in stomach acid?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used for removing rust?

<p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is used in car batteries?

<p>Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in soap production?

<p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is used as a bleaching agent?

<p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of weak bases?

<p>They do not fully dissociate in water, resulting in a low concentration of hydroxide ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a weak base?

<p>Ammonia (NH₃) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'concentration' refer to in the context of acids and bases?

<p>The amount of acid or base dissolved in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Arrhenius theory, what do acids produce in water?

<p>Hydronium (H₃O⁺) or hydrogen (H⁺) ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do bases react with water to increase?

<p>The concentration of OH⁻ ions, leading to an increase in pH. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of monoprotic acids?

<p>They can donate only one proton per molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a polyprotic acid?

<p>Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs based on?

<p>The reversible nature of acid-base reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ampholytes?

<p>Substances that can act as both acids and bases, depending on the reaction context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is fundamental to understanding the behavior of substances in aqueous solutions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between strong and weak acids?

<p>Strong acids completely ionize in water, while weak acids only partially ionize. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a strong base?

<p>Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of weak acids?

<p>They only partially ionize in water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of vinegar?

<p>Ethanoic Acid (CH₃COOH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used as a drain cleaner?

<p>Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is found naturally in the human stomach?

<p>Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)?

<p>As a bleaching agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is involved in the production of biodiesel?

<p>Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of strong bases?

<p>They dissociate completely in water to yield a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of weak bases?

<p>They do not fully dissociate in water and result in a low concentration of hydroxide ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a polyprotic acid?

<p>H₂SO₄ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base?

<p>The acid is a proton donor, and the base is a proton acceptor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the concentration and strength of an acid or base?

<p>Concentration refers to the amount of solute relative to the solvent, while strength refers to the inherent ability to dissociate in water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the properties of acids and bases according to the Arrhenius theory?

<p>Acids produce H⁺ ions in water, while bases produce OH⁻ ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ampholyte?

<p>H₂O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?

<p>Monoprotic acids can donate only one proton per molecule, while polyprotic acids can donate more than one proton per molecule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs based on?

<p>The idea that an acid loses a proton to form its conjugate base, and a base gains a proton to form its conjugate acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of a base reacting with water?

<p>It increases the OH⁻ ion concentration, leading to an increase in pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of strong bases?

<p>They have a bitter taste and a slippery feel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of ampholytes?

<p>They can act as both acids and bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors?

<p>Brønsted-Lowry Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a base reacts with water?

<p>Increase in OH⁻ ion concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of diprotic acids like H₂SO₄?

<p>Can donate two protons per molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are strong bases considered more caustic than weak bases?

<p>They have higher OH⁻ ion concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between concentrated and dilute solutions?

<p>Amount of solute relative to the solvent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acid-base theory focuses on the production of H⁺ ions by acids in water?

<p>Arrhenius Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do weak bases differ from strong bases in terms of hydroxide ion concentration?

<p>Weak bases have higher OH⁻ ion concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic taste associated with acids?

<p>Sour taste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of strong acids in water?

<p>They completely dissociate, releasing all their available hydrogen ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes strong bases from weak bases?

<p>Strong bases yield a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution, while weak bases yield a lower concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of weak acids in water?

<p>They partially ionize, producing a low concentration of hydronium ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids is primarily used in the production of fertilizers and explosives?

<p>Nitric acid (HNO₃) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is involved in the production of biodiesel fuel?

<p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary use of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

<p>Fertilizer production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is used as a dehydrating agent?

<p>Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids is found naturally in stomach acid?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is used for removing rust?

<p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main component of vinegar?

<p>Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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