CH 17: Relative strengths of acids and bases
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a strong acid?

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
  • Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (correct)
  • Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

    • Which of the following statements about strong bases is true?

  • They typically come from the hydroxides of alkali metals and some alkaline earth metals. (correct)
  • They are not as potent as weak bases.
  • They produce a low concentration of hydroxide ions.
  • They only partially dissociate in water.

    • Which acid is used in the production of fertilizers and explosives?

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
  • Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)
  • Nitric acid (HNO₃) (correct)
  • Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)

    • What is the main component of vinegar?

    <p>Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used as a drain cleaner?

    <p>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found naturally in stomach acid?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used for removing rust?

    <p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used in car batteries?

    <p>Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in soap production?

    <p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used as a bleaching agent?

    <p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of weak bases?

    <p>They do not fully dissociate in water, resulting in a low concentration of hydroxide ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a weak base?

    <p>Ammonia (NH₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'concentration' refer to in the context of acids and bases?

    <p>The amount of acid or base dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Arrhenius theory, what do acids produce in water?

    <p>Hydronium (H₃O⁺) or hydrogen (H⁺) ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bases react with water to increase?

    <p>The concentration of OH⁻ ions, leading to an increase in pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of monoprotic acids?

    <p>They can donate only one proton per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polyprotic acid?

    <p>Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs based on?

    <p>The reversible nature of acid-base reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ampholytes?

    <p>Substances that can act as both acids and bases, depending on the reaction context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is fundamental to understanding the behavior of substances in aqueous solutions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between strong and weak acids?

    <p>Strong acids completely ionize in water, while weak acids only partially ionize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a strong base?

    <p>Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of weak acids?

    <p>They only partially ionize in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of vinegar?

    <p>Ethanoic Acid (CH₃COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used as a drain cleaner?

    <p>Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found naturally in the human stomach?

    <p>Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)?

    <p>As a bleaching agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the production of biodiesel?

    <p>Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of strong bases?

    <p>They dissociate completely in water to yield a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of weak bases?

    <p>They do not fully dissociate in water and result in a low concentration of hydroxide ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polyprotic acid?

    <p>H₂SO₄</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, what is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base?

    <p>The acid is a proton donor, and the base is a proton acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the concentration and strength of an acid or base?

    <p>Concentration refers to the amount of solute relative to the solvent, while strength refers to the inherent ability to dissociate in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the properties of acids and bases according to the Arrhenius theory?

    <p>Acids produce H⁺ ions in water, while bases produce OH⁻ ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ampholyte?

    <p>H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?

    <p>Monoprotic acids can donate only one proton per molecule, while polyprotic acids can donate more than one proton per molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs based on?

    <p>The idea that an acid loses a proton to form its conjugate base, and a base gains a proton to form its conjugate acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of a base reacting with water?

    <p>It increases the OH⁻ ion concentration, leading to an increase in pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of strong bases?

    <p>They have a bitter taste and a slippery feel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of ampholytes?

    <p>They can act as both acids and bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory states that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors?

    <p>Brønsted-Lowry Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a base reacts with water?

    <p>Increase in OH⁻ ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of diprotic acids like H₂SO₄?

    <p>Can donate two protons per molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are strong bases considered more caustic than weak bases?

    <p>They have higher OH⁻ ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between concentrated and dilute solutions?

    <p>Amount of solute relative to the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid-base theory focuses on the production of H⁺ ions by acids in water?

    <p>Arrhenius Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do weak bases differ from strong bases in terms of hydroxide ion concentration?

    <p>Weak bases have higher OH⁻ ion concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic taste associated with acids?

    <p>Sour taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of strong acids in water?

    <p>They completely dissociate, releasing all their available hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes strong bases from weak bases?

    <p>Strong bases yield a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution, while weak bases yield a lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of weak acids in water?

    <p>They partially ionize, producing a low concentration of hydronium ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is primarily used in the production of fertilizers and explosives?

    <p>Nitric acid (HNO₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is involved in the production of biodiesel fuel?

    <p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary use of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

    <p>Fertilizer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is used as a dehydrating agent?

    <p>Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acids is found naturally in stomach acid?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is used for removing rust?

    <p>Oxalic acid (C₂H₂O₄)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main component of vinegar?

    <p>Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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