Podcast
Questions and Answers
______ involves randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups to minimize bias and ensure group comparability.
______ involves randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups to minimize bias and ensure group comparability.
Randomization
A ______ shows that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.
A ______ shows that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases.
positive correlation
The ______ assumes there is no significant difference between the groups or variables being studied.
The ______ assumes there is no significant difference between the groups or variables being studied.
null hypothesis
In ______ studies, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment, reducing potential bias.
In ______ studies, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment, reducing potential bias.
______ combines the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to improve patient care.
______ combines the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to improve patient care.
An ______ compares the means of two independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.
An ______ compares the means of two independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.
______ measures the magnitude of an experimental effect and indicates the practical significance of research results.
______ measures the magnitude of an experimental effect and indicates the practical significance of research results.
In a distribution with ______, the tail is longer on the right side, indicating that most data points are concentrated on the left.
In a distribution with ______, the tail is longer on the right side, indicating that most data points are concentrated on the left.
A ______ indicates the probability of observing the data (or more extreme data) if the null hypothesis is true.
A ______ indicates the probability of observing the data (or more extreme data) if the null hypothesis is true.
Using ______ helps to ensure equivalent groups for comparing treatment effects, enhancing the study's internal validity.
Using ______ helps to ensure equivalent groups for comparing treatment effects, enhancing the study's internal validity.
Understanding ______ like scatter plots helps researchers visualize relationships between variables to identify patterns or trends in the data.
Understanding ______ like scatter plots helps researchers visualize relationships between variables to identify patterns or trends in the data.
The ______ serves as a basis for statistical testing to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the initial assumption of no significant difference.
The ______ serves as a basis for statistical testing to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the initial assumption of no significant difference.
______ increase study reliability by ensuring objective measurement of treatment effects in clinical trials.
______ increase study reliability by ensuring objective measurement of treatment effects in clinical trials.
The ______ process involves formulating a clinical question, searching for, appraising, and applying evidence, then assessing the outcome to enhance patient care.
The ______ process involves formulating a clinical question, searching for, appraising, and applying evidence, then assessing the outcome to enhance patient care.
______ contexts often use eta squared to measure the magnitude of the experimental effect.
______ contexts often use eta squared to measure the magnitude of the experimental effect.
Flashcards
Randomization
Randomization
Assigning participants randomly to groups to minimize bias and ensure comparability.
Correlation
Correlation
Measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Null Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
A statement assuming no significant difference or relationship between variables.
Double-Blinded Study
Double-Blinded Study
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Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-Based Practice
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Independent Samples T-Test
Independent Samples T-Test
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Paired Samples T-Test
Paired Samples T-Test
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Effect Size
Effect Size
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Positive Skew
Positive Skew
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Negative Skew
Negative Skew
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P-Value
P-Value
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Study Notes
- Rehabilitation sciences rely on essential concepts for research and practical treatments.
Randomization
- Participants are randomly assigned to different groups (treatment or control).
- Minimizes bias.
- Ensures groups are comparable.
- Enhances the internal validity of the study.
Correlations
- Measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
- Positive correlation: Both variables increase or decrease together.
- Negative correlation: One variable increases as the other decreases.
- Chart types to visualize relationships include scatter plots, line graphs, and bar charts.
Null Hypothesis
- Assumes no significant difference or relationship between variables.
- Example: no significant difference in weight between genders.
- Used as a basis for statistical testing, which may reject or fail to reject the hypothesis.
Double-Blinded Studies
- Both participants and researchers are unaware of group assignments.
- Eliminates bias.
- Increases the reliability of study outcomes.
- Common in clinical trials.
Evidence-Based Practice
- Combines best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values.
- Process:
- Formulate a clinical question.
- Search for evidence.
- Critically appraise the evidence.
- Apply to practice.
- Assess the outcome.
Types of T-Tests
- Statistical tools to compare the means of two groups and determine statistical significance.
- Independent Samples T-Test: Compares means between two independent groups.
- Paired Samples T-Test: Compares means from the same group at different times.
Effect Size
- Measures the magnitude of the experimental effect.
- Explains the practical significance of results.
- Types include Cohen's d (for two groups) and Eta squared (used in ANOVA).
- Provides context on the magnitude of differences.
Positive and Negative Skew
- Describes the asymmetry of a probability distribution.
- Positive skew: Long tail on the right side; data concentrated on the left.
- Negative skew: Long tail on the left side; data concentrated on the right.
P-Value
- Measures the probability of observed data if the null hypothesis were true.
- Small p-value (typically < 0.05) suggests rejection of the null hypothesis.
- Large p-value indicates failure to reject the null hypothesis.
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