Psychology Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a placebo?

A placebo is medicine with no active ingredients.

Why is a placebo used?

It is used to eliminate the chance that suggestion plays a role in the results of an experiment.

A placebo has an effect on the body.

False

What is a double-blind study?

<p>A study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know to which group any subject belongs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis?

<p>A statement of the results that the experimenter expects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

On whom do researchers conduct their experiments?

<p>Researchers conduct their experiments on subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to guard against hidden or unexpected variables?

<p>To make sure experiments are valid and reliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dependent variable?

<p>The variable that is measured; it changes because of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an independent variable?

<p>The factor that the experimenter manipulates in a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are field studies?

<p>Research that takes place outside of a laboratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an experimental group?

<p>The group of subjects that the critical part of the experiment is performed on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a control group?

<p>The group that does not participate in the critical part of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the survey method?

<p>A method of research that involves asking subjects questions about their feelings, opinions, or behavioral patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Placebo

  • A placebo is a substance with no active ingredients, often used in experiments to control for the psychological effects of treatment.
  • Its purpose is to eliminate the influence of suggestion on outcomes, ensuring that changes are due to the experimental treatment rather than psychological factors.
  • Despite its lack of active ingredients, a placebo theoretically does not affect the body directly but can elicit psychological responses.

Double-Blind Study

  • A double-blind study is an experimental design where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the experimental treatment versus a control.
  • This approach helps to prevent bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by either the expectations of the participants or the researchers.

Hypothesis

  • A hypothesis is a predictive statement made by the researcher about the expected outcomes of an experiment.
  • It serves as a foundation for designing the study and testing specific variables.

Subjects in Research

  • Experiments in psychology are conducted on subjects, who may be humans or animals, depending on the nature of the study.
  • The selection of subjects is crucial for ensuring relevant and generalizable results.

Hidden Variables

  • Guarding against hidden or unexpected variables is essential for maintaining the validity and reliability of experimental results.
  • These variables can introduce confounding factors that may skew data and misinterpret findings if not controlled.

Dependent Variable

  • The dependent variable is the factor that is measured in an experiment and is expected to change in response to the independent variable.
  • It reflects the outcomes of the research and provides insight into the effects of the manipulated variables.

Independent Variable

  • The independent variable is the factor that the researcher actively manipulates to observe its effects on the dependent variable.
  • This variable is the basis for testing hypotheses and determining causal relationships.

Field Studies

  • Field studies refer to research conducted in natural settings outside of controlled laboratory environments.
  • These studies provide insights into real-world behaviors and phenomena, enhancing ecological validity.

Experimental Group

  • The experimental group consists of subjects who receive the treatment or intervention being tested in the experiment.
  • This group is critical for determining the effects of the independent variable.

Control Group

  • The control group does not receive the experimental treatment and serves as a benchmark to compare against the experimental group.
  • This helps to isolate the effects of the independent variable by controlling for outside influences.

Survey Method

  • The survey method involves asking subjects questions to gather data on their feelings, opinions, and behavioral patterns.
  • This method allows researchers to collect large amounts of data efficiently and can offer insights into population trends and social behaviors.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts from Chapter 2 of Psychology, covering methods such as the placebo effect and double-blind studies. Test your understanding of these essential psychological concepts through flashcards designed to reinforce your learning.

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