Regulation of Glycolysis Quiz

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What is the rationale behind the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

Generation of a high-energy phosphate compound (correct)
Priming phosphorylation to facilitate symmetrical cleavage
Activation of fructose for energy production
Preparation for the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

What is the purpose of the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

Conversion of a high-energy compound to a low-energy state
Generation of NADH
Incorporation of inorganic phosphate
Formation of a high-energy phosphate compound (correct)

Why is it important to keep the concentration of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate low during the triose phosphate interconversion?

To slow down the glycolysis process
To ensure proper substrate availability for the next enzyme (correct)
To maintain a high NADH/NAD+ ratio
To prevent the formation of high-energy compounds

What is the primary purpose of the migration of phosphate in the glycolysis pathway?

To form high-energy phosphate compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses the energy of ATP and is an irreversible reaction in glycolysis?

Conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the dehydration of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?

Redistribution of energy within the molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is highly regulated in glycolysis by ATP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and other metabolites?

Phosphofructokinase-1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net production of ATP per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

$2$ ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy in glycolysis?

$Fructose$ $1,6$-Bisphosphate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis?

Iodoacetate and Arsenate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the transport mechanisms for glucose to enter cells?

Facilitated diffusion and Active transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of aldose-ketose isomerization in glycolysis?

To prepare glucose for phosphorylation by PFK (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

To produce energy by metabolizing glucose into pyruvate (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular compartment does glycolysis take place?

Cytosol (D) Signup and view all the answers

Under anaerobic conditions, what can pyruvate be converted to?

Ethanol (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of metabolic energy in some mammalian tissues and cell types?

Glucose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in glucose metabolism?

Yields ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between glycolysis under anaerobic and aerobic conditions?

Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces less ATP than under aerobic conditions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of glucose utilization storage?

It allows for the efficient storage of excess energy in the form of starch and glycogen. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall outcome of glycolysis?

$2$ molecules of ATP and $2$ molecules of pyruvate are produced. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the preparatory phase in glycolysis?

To prime the glucose molecule, cleave it into two three-carbon molecules, and generate energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues can meet their energy needs on glucose only?

Erythrocytes, brain, renal medulla (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvate to ethanol, while lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate to lactic acid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in addition to generating NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes?

It yields ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of metabolic energy in some mammalian tissues and cell types?

Glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits pyruvate kinase (PK) activity?

High levels of ATP (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an increase in fructose 6-phosphate ([F6P]) on glucokinase activity?

Indirectly inhibits glucokinase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in liver cells?

Citrate levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of high levels of ATP on phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity?

Inhibits PFK activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) in regulating PFK activity?

Activates PFK (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does phosphofructokinase (PFK) respond to a decrease in pH in muscle cells?

Inhibited by low pH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of high levels of glucose on glucokinase activity?

Stimulates glucokinase activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What indirectly stimulates the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP)?

High levels of fructose 6-phosphate ([F6P]) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the activity of glucokinase in the liver?

Glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does glucokinase respond to an increase in glucose levels?

Becomes active (D) Signup and view all the answers