35 Questions
What is the rationale behind the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?
Generation of a high-energy phosphate compound
What is the purpose of the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
Formation of a high-energy phosphate compound
Why is it important to keep the concentration of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate low during the triose phosphate interconversion?
To ensure proper substrate availability for the next enzyme
What is the primary purpose of the migration of phosphate in the glycolysis pathway?
To form high-energy phosphate compounds
Which process uses the energy of ATP and is an irreversible reaction in glycolysis?
Conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
What is the significance of the dehydration of 2-PG to PEP in glycolysis?
Redistribution of energy within the molecule
Which enzyme is highly regulated in glycolysis by ATP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and other metabolites?
Phosphofructokinase-1
What is the net production of ATP per glucose molecule in glycolysis?
$2$ ATP
Which compound is committed to become pyruvate and yield energy in glycolysis?
$Fructose$ $1,6$-Bisphosphate
What are the inhibitors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis?
Iodoacetate and Arsenate
What are the transport mechanisms for glucose to enter cells?
Facilitated diffusion and Active transport
What is the primary purpose of aldose-ketose isomerization in glycolysis?
To prepare glucose for phosphorylation by PFK
What is the purpose of glycolysis?
To produce energy by metabolizing glucose into pyruvate
In which cellular compartment does glycolysis take place?
Cytosol
Under anaerobic conditions, what can pyruvate be converted to?
Ethanol
What is the main source of metabolic energy in some mammalian tissues and cell types?
Glucose
What is the purpose of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in glucose metabolism?
Yields ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes
What is the main difference between glycolysis under anaerobic and aerobic conditions?
Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces less ATP than under aerobic conditions.
What is the significance of glucose utilization storage?
It allows for the efficient storage of excess energy in the form of starch and glycogen.
What is the overall outcome of glycolysis?
$2$ molecules of ATP and $2$ molecules of pyruvate are produced.
What is the primary function of the preparatory phase in glycolysis?
To prime the glucose molecule, cleave it into two three-carbon molecules, and generate energy
Which tissues can meet their energy needs on glucose only?
Erythrocytes, brain, renal medulla
What is the main difference between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvate to ethanol, while lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate to lactic acid.
What is the function of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in addition to generating NADPH for reductive biosynthetic processes?
It yields ribose 5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis.
What is the primary source of metabolic energy in some mammalian tissues and cell types?
Glucose
What inhibits pyruvate kinase (PK) activity?
High levels of ATP
What is the effect of an increase in fructose 6-phosphate ([F6P]) on glucokinase activity?
Indirectly inhibits glucokinase
What regulates the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in liver cells?
Citrate levels
What is the impact of high levels of ATP on phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity?
Inhibits PFK activity
What is the role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) in regulating PFK activity?
Activates PFK
How does phosphofructokinase (PFK) respond to a decrease in pH in muscle cells?
Inhibited by low pH
What is the impact of high levels of glucose on glucokinase activity?
Stimulates glucokinase activity
What indirectly stimulates the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP)?
High levels of fructose 6-phosphate ([F6P])
What regulates the activity of glucokinase in the liver?
Glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP)
How does glucokinase respond to an increase in glucose levels?
Becomes active
Test your knowledge on the regulation of glycolysis with this quiz. Learn about the purpose, reactants, products, cellular localization, tissue distribution, and control points of the glycolysis pathway, as well as the central importance of glucose as a fuel.
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