10 Questions
Which organ is involved in controlling the blood glucose concentrations within a narrow range?
Liver
What process occurs after a brief fasting in the liver?
Glycogenolysis
Which hormone acts by increasing plasma glucose levels through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis?
Glucagon
What hormone increases plasma glucose by inhibiting insulin secretion, increasing glycogenolysis, and promoting lipolysis?
Epinephrine
Which endocrine gland produces epinephrine to affect carbohydrate metabolism?
Adrenal gland
During photosynthesis, plants synthesize carbohydrates from which two components?
Carbon dioxide and water
After digestion, complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple monomers known as:
Glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose
Where are non-glucose monosaccharides (fructose, galactose) transformed into glucose?
Liver
What is the main form in which energy released from glucose is temporarily stored in animals and plants?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Which metabolic process involves the breakdown of glucose and oxygen to release energy?
Cellular (aerobic) respiration
Study Notes
- The University of Human Development College of Health Sciences MLS Department held a lecture on the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during Clinical Chemistry II Semester 7, taught by Jihad M. Hadi.
- The liver and pancreas, along with other endocrine glands, regulate blood glucose concentrations within a narrow range.
- After a brief fasting period, the liver undergoes glycogenolysis, releasing glucose, and gluconeogenesis, producing new glucose, to maintain blood sugar levels.
- During prolonged fasting, the fasting period is longer than 1 day, the liver engages in gluconeogenesis to produce new glucose.
- The pancreas plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism through the hormones insulin and glucagon:
- Insulin is produced in response to high blood glucose levels and increases glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, enhancing glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and glycolysis while inhibiting glycogenolysis. Insulin is considered a hypoglycemic agent.
- Glucagon is secreted during stress and fasting states and increases plasma glucose levels by triggering glycogenolysis in the liver and promoting gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is considered a hyperglycemic agent.
- Two hormones produced by the adrenal gland, epinephrine from the medulla, and glucagon from the cortex, impact carbohydrate metabolism:
- Epinephrine inhibits insulin secretion, increases glycogenolysis, and promotes lipolysis, leading to an increase in plasma glucose levels.
- The text does not mention any figures or specific data.
Test your knowledge of the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism with this quiz. Topics covered include the involvement of the liver, pancreas, and endocrine glands in controlling blood glucose concentrations, as well as processes such as glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
