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Questions and Answers
What is the angle of incidence in relation to the normal?
What is the angle of incidence in relation to the normal?
What occurs when light cannot pass into a less dense medium?
What occurs when light cannot pass into a less dense medium?
How is the refractive index (n) calculated using angles of incidence and refraction?
How is the refractive index (n) calculated using angles of incidence and refraction?
What defines a converging lens?
What defines a converging lens?
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What type of image is formed by diverging rays that appear to meet at a point?
What type of image is formed by diverging rays that appear to meet at a point?
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Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum?
Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum?
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What happens when white light is refracted by a prism?
What happens when white light is refracted by a prism?
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What is the distance from the lens to the principal focus called?
What is the distance from the lens to the principal focus called?
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Study Notes
Refraction of Light
- Normal: A line perpendicular to a surface at the point of incidence.
- Angle of Incidence (i): The angle between the incident ray and the normal.
- Angle of Refraction (r): The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.
- Refraction: Occurs when light passes from one medium to another, causing it to bend.
- Critical Angle: The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.
- Total Internal Reflection: Light cannot pass into a less dense medium, causing total reflection (e.g., glass to air).
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Refractive Index (n):
- The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.
- n = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium
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Refraction Equations (angles):
- n = sin(i) / sin(r)
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Refraction Equations (critical angle):
- n = 1/sin(c)
- Applications: Optical fibers in telecommunications utilize total internal reflection.
Thin Lenses
- Converging Lens: Parallel light rays converge to a point.
- Diverging Lens: Parallel light rays diverge away from a point.
- Focal Length: The distance between the lens and its focal point.
- Principal Axis: The line passing through the center of a lens.
- Principal Focus: The point where parallel rays converge (or appear to diverge) after passing through the lens.
- Ray Diagrams: Used to illustrate the formation of real and virtual images.
- Image Characteristics: Images can be enlarged, reduced, or the same size. They can be upright or inverted, and real or virtual.
- Virtual Image: Formed when diverging rays appear to meet at a point; cannot be projected.
- Virtual Image Formation (Converging Lenses): Ray diagrams can illustrate virtual images.
- Lens as Magnifier: A single lens forms a virtual magnified image.
- Vision Correction: Converging lenses correct farsightedness, while diverging lenses correct nearsightedness.
Dispersion of Light
- Light Dispersion: White light separates into its component colors (spectrum) when refracted by a prism.
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Visible Spectrum:
- Colors: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (ROY G. BIV)
- Wavelength order: Violet (shortest) to Red (longest).
- Monochromatic Light: Light of a single frequency (e.g., laser light).
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of refraction of light, including important definitions, equations, and applications. It also introduces the principles of thin lenses, focusing on converging lenses. Test your understanding of how light interacts with different media and the significance of refractive indices.
