Optics: Refraction, Lenses, and Mirrors
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Questions and Answers

What does an index of refraction less than one indicate about the speed of light in that medium?

  • The speed of light in the medium is the same as in vacuum.
  • Reflection is not possible.
  • The speed of light in the medium is greater than in vacuum. (correct)
  • The speed of light in the medium is less than in vacuum.

    • What happens to the speed of light when it enters a material with a higher index of refraction?

  • It decreases. (correct)
  • It first increases then decreases.
  • It stays the same.
  • It increases.

    • What is another name for the polarizing angle?

  • Land angle
  • Moles angle
  • Brewster angle (correct)
  • Refracted angle

    • Which type of aberration do spherical lenses experience?

    <p>Both spherical and chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person is 30 cm in front of a concave shaving mirror and the image is 1.5 times larger than the object, what is the focal length of the mirror?

    <p>20 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the separation between orders compare when two diffraction gratings with different numbers of slits are used?

    <p>Both gratings produce the same separation, but the orders are better defined with the 4-slit grating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material has the slowest speed of light among the following options?

    <p>Diamond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mirror is indicated by the warning "OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR"?

    <p>Convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the images formed by concave lenses?

    <p>Images are always virtual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon is crucial for the operation of fiber optics?

    <p>Total internal reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The colors seen on an oil slick are primarily due to which optical phenomenon?

    <p>Interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When standing in front of a concave mirror at the center of curvature, what will be observed?

    <p>Image will be seen as the same height, inverted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during chromatic aberration?

    <p>Due to dispersion of light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a rainbow?

    <p>Dispersion, refraction, and reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the variation of the refractive index of glass with wavelength?

    <p>Chromatic aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for total internal reflection to occur?

    <p>Higher index of refraction in the incident material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical angle when light travels from crown glass (n = 1.52) to water (n = 1.33)?

    <p>61°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the phase of light when it reflects off a glass surface from air?

    <p>A 180° phase change occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the angle of refraction when light passes into glass?

    <p>It is unknown as it depends on the index of refraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image of a rare stamp viewed through a magnifying glass can be described as:

    <p>Either the same orientation or upside-down depending on distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light composed of red and blue light passes through a rectangular glass plate, the emerging beams will be:

    <p>Not parallel, with the blue beam displaced below the red beam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a converging lens, if the object is placed within the focal point, the image formed is:

    <p>Virtual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a light beam passing from water into air, if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle of 48.8°, it will be:

    <p>Totally reflected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The path difference for destructive interference is defined as m λ /2. Which values of m are applicable?

    <p>m = 1, 3, 5, 7,...</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In X-ray diffraction, the condition 2d sin( θ ) = n λ is attributed to which scientist?

    <p>Bragg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a medium with an index of refraction of 1.5?

    <p>2.0 × 10^8 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-slit experiment observing light patterns on a screen, what pattern will be seen?

    <p>A series of alternating light and dark bands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance between two slits is needed to observe the third bright fringe at an angle of 7.0° with a wavelength of 490 nm?

    <p>2.1 × 10^-5 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for two light rays striking a screen to be in phase?

    <p>Electric fields are maximum at the same time continually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light enters a medium of different optical density, which properties change?

    <p>Speed and wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To form a virtual image magnified by a factor of three with a lens of focal length 50.0 mm, the object must be placed at what distance?

    <p>38.3 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an X-ray beam at a wavelength of 1.4 × 10^-10 m causes first-order interference at 20°, what is the angle for second-order interference?

    <p>40°.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a light ray exits a 45° glass prism into the air, the direction of the incoming ray is from:

    <p>Direction C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parallel rays reflecting from a concave mirror intersect at:

    <p>The focal point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the index of refraction inside a certain transparent material if the critical angle is found to be 48°?

    <p>1.49</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass?

    <p>0.341°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image do you see when standing at the same distance from a convex mirror as its radius of curvature?

    <p>You will see your image and it will appear smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intensity of the beam after it has passed through two ideal polarizers, with the second rotated 40° from the first?

    <p>0.41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is refracted the most when light passes through a prism?

    <p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a beam of light, how is the direction of polarization defined?

    <p>The direction of the electric field's vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a double convex lens made of glass with an index of refraction of 1.60 and radii of curvature of 46 cm?

    <p>38 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the appearance of a soap film viewed in white light as it becomes thinner than the wavelength of blue light?

    <p>It appears blue since all other colors are transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diffraction grating produces the greater dispersion?

    <p>The 6000-lines grating produces the greater dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima in a double-slit experiment when the slit separation is cut in half?

    <p>It increases to 2 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light enters air from water, how does the angle of refraction compare to the angle of incidence?

    <p>Less than the angle of incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the index of refraction change as the frequency of light increases in common transparent media?

    <p>Increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lens has a power of +10 Diopters with a first surface center of curvature in front of the lens?

    <p>Double convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) depend on which of the following for their operation?

    <p>Dichroism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a ray of light passes obliquely from one medium to another, which parameter changes?

    <p>Wavelength, speed, &amp; direction of travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason the sky appears blue?

    <p>Rayleigh scattering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle will the incident ray make with the surface of the prism before it emerges into the air?

    <p>45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two parallel rays reflect from a concave mirror, where do they intersect?

    <p>The focus of the mirror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light behave when it travels from a less dense medium into a denser medium?

    <p>It bends toward the normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material allows light to travel the fastest?

    <p>A vacuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct magnification when an object is 50 cm in front of a concave mirror with a 25 cm focal length?

    <p>-2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aberration is typically associated with spherical mirrors?

    <p>Spherical aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the index of refraction for a material if the critical angle is 48°?

    <p>1.48</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the angular separation of blue light and red light in a thick piece of glass?

    <p>A highly noticeable angular separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern will be observed on the screen in a double-slit experiment with monochromatic light?

    <p>Alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the third bright fringe occurs at an angle of 7.0°, what does this imply about the distance between the two slits?

    <p>2.1 × 10^-5 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for two light rays to be in phase with each other?

    <p>Their electric fields reach maximum simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light enters a medium with a different optical density, which of the following changes?

    <p>Its speed and wavelength change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To form a virtual image three times larger than the object with a lens of focal length 50.0 mm, where must the object be placed?

    <p>48.0 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what angle will the second order line appear if first order constructive interference occurs at an angle of 20°?

    <p>40°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-slit experiment, what does a dark fringe indicate?

    <p>Complete cancellation of light waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation is cut in half?

    <p>It increases to 2 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of refraction when light enters air from water?

    <p>Less than the angle of incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for the operation of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)?

    <p>Polarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed when looking at the bottom (convex) side of a shiny spoon?

    <p>A little image, upside down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not change when a ray of light passes obliquely from one medium to another?

    <p>Frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about diffraction gratings is correct?

    <p>More lines result in greater overall dispersion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the appearance of a soap film as it becomes much thinner than the wavelength of blue light?

    <p>It appears blue since all other colors are transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the polarization direction of a beam of light defined?

    <p>The direction of the electric field's vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light passes through a prism, which color is refracted the least?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focal length of a double convex thin lens made of glass with an index of refraction of 1.60 and radii of curvature 46 cm?

    <p>38 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a second ideal polarizer is placed with its preferred direction rotated 40° to that of the first polarizer, what will be the intensity of the beam after passing through both polarizers if the initial intensity is 1?

    <p>0.41</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When standing in front of a convex mirror at the same distance from it as its radius of curvature, what will you observe?

    <p>You will see your image and you will appear smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering two diffraction gratings, one with 4000 lines per cm and the other with 6000 lines per cm, which statement is true about their dispersion?

    <p>The 4000-line grating produces sharper orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of refraction when light passes from a more dense medium to a less dense medium, such as from glass to air?

    <p>Greater than the angle of incidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the refractive index of glass varying with wavelength?

    <p>chromatic aberration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve total internal reflection, the incident angle must be in the substance with which refractive property?

    <p>higher index of refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image results from an object placed inside the focal point of a converging lens?

    <p>Virtual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical angle for light traveling from crown glass (n = 1.52) to water (n = 1.33)?

    <p>48°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase change occurs when light reflects off a glass surface from air?

    <p>180° phase change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the angle of incidence of light in water exceeds the critical angle of 48.8° when it enters the air?

    <p>Light is totally reflected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an index of refraction of 2.42 for diamond indicate about the speed of light?

    <p>Light travels 2.42 times faster in vacuum than in diamond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a double-slit experiment, what occurs at the first maxima on either side of the central bright spot?

    <p>light arrives in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When red and blue light pass through a rectangular glass plate, how do the emerging beams behave?

    <p>They are parallel with the red beam below the blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path difference for destructive interference?

    <p>mλ/2 where m is odd integers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When light traveling in glass strikes an air boundary, what happens to the reflected beam?

    <p>180° phase change occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image seen through a magnifying glass is described as:

    <p>Either inverted or upright depending on the distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of wavelength, how does light behave when passing through a rectangular glass plate composed of different colors?

    <p>blue light emerges faster than red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the warning "OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR" imply about the type of mirror?

    <p>It is a convex mirror.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a ray of light is incident on a glass plate at a 45° angle, what is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction?

    <p>The angle of refraction is less than 45°.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Refraction and Reflection

    • Index of refraction less than 1 implies light speed in the medium is greater than in a vacuum.
    • When light enters a material with a higher index of refraction, its speed decreases.
    • The polarizing angle is also known as Brewster's angle.
    • Light speed in a medium is related to its index of refraction (n = c/v).

    Lenses

    • Spherical lenses have both spherical and chromatic aberration.
    • A concave mirror with an erect image larger than the object has a focal length that is related to the object and image distances by 1/f = 1/do + 1/di (where f is focal length, do is object distance, and di is the image distance.)
    • A convex mirror produces virtual, upright, and reduced images.

    Diffraction Gratings

    • Diffraction gratings with more slits produce sharper diffraction orders.
    • Diffraction gratings with the same slit separation, but different numbers of slits, produce different separation between orders which is impacted by the number of slits.

    Speed of Light in Different Materials

    • Diamond has the slowest speed of light.
    • Light travels fastest in a vacuum.

    Mirrors

    • Rear-view mirrors on cars are generally convex; objects appear closer in convex mirrors.
    • Light rays reflecting from a concave mirror meet at the focal point.
    • Convex mirrors produce virtual, upright, and reduced images.

    Interference and Diffraction

    • Destructive interference occurs when the path difference is mλ/2, where m = 0, 2, 4, ...
    • Bragg's law describes X-ray diffraction maxima: 2d sin(θ) = nλ.
    • In a double-slit experiment, alternating light and dark bands are observed.
    • Light rays are in phase if their electric fields are maximum simultaneously.

    Optical Phenomena

    • A prism refracts light, separating colors. Blue light is refracted more than red light.
    • If an object is inside the focal point of a converging lens, the image is virtual.
    • Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. (Light is totally reflected)
    • Chromatic aberration occurs because the refractive index of a material varies with wavelength.

    Lens Characteristics

    • A converging lens with a focal length of 50 mm and a required three-fold magnification of a virtual image will need a specific object location (object distance).

    Additional Information

    • X-ray diffraction is related to Bragg's law.
    • For a thin film viewed in white light, the observed color depends on the thickness and the wavelength of reflected light.
    • Double-slit experiments with different slit separations show varying maxima distances on the screen.
    • The limiting angle of resolution is related to the pupil diameter, wavelength of light and the refractive index of the eye, determined by the formula.
    • Liquid crystal displays use polarization and dichroism.
    • Light refracts away from the normal when moving into a denser medium.
    • The frequency of light has no effect on the angle of refraction in common transparent media.
    • For objects placed at or near the image center of curvature of a concave mirror a larger image results.
    • For objects placed at or near the image focal point of a double-concave mirror a diminished image results.
    • Light traveling through air/vacuums has a different speed from light traveling through denser mediums (like water or glass). The relationship is described by index of refraction.

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    PHYS 2326 Practice Final with Keys PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on fundamental concepts of optics including refraction, reflection, lenses, and mirrors. This quiz covers key principles such as the index of refraction, image formation by concave mirrors, and the behavior of light in various materials. Challenge yourself and understand light's unique properties in different mediums.

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