L4 Theology of Missions

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Questions and Answers

Which figure is most closely associated with the focus on people group perspectives in missions?

  • William Carey
  • Adoniram Judson
  • Cam Townsend (correct)
  • J. Hudson Taylor

What is the primary focus of the first era of modern missions, personified by William Carey?

  • Inland regions
  • Unreached people groups
  • Coastal areas (correct)
  • Urban centers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the four redemptive structures for missions?

  • Voluntary Coming
  • Voluntary Going
  • Involuntary Coming
  • Forced Conversion (correct)

In what way did Luther's Bible translation contribute to societal change?

<p>It fostered literacy and empowerment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the 'modality' structure in God's redemptive plan?

<p>Inclusive, nurture-oriented fellowship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a key factor contributing to the rapid expansion of Christianity in the 21st century?

<p>The rise of spirit-empowered movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary geographical focus of J. Hudson Taylor's missionary work during the second era of missions?

<p>Inland China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the colonial empires influence the strategies in the 1st and 2nd eras?

<p>Promoting Christianization through civilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is one of the significant shifts in the understanding of Christianity in the third era?

<p>Christianity is no longer exclusively Western. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is identified as an example of persecution leading to the spread of Christianity through involuntary going?

<p>The persecution of disciples in Acts 8:1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does statistician Todd Johnstone emphasize as the reason for a major shift in Christianity?

<p>Increase in the number of renewalists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Silk Road in the context of early Christianity in Asia?

<p>It served as a path for Nestorian missionaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of, 'The Flaw of the Excluded Middle'?

<p>An argument from Paul Hebert that Westerners often miss the supernatural. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the American initiative to begin missionary work?

<p>Haystack Prayer Meeting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a "lectionary"?

<p>A pre-selected collection of Scriptural readings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate statement about the role of single women missionaries in the 19th century?

<p>Single women missionaries were the largest number of missionaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The second era of missions is personified by J. Hudson Taylor, what era is the first?

<p>William Carey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for the modern church to have an emphasis of sodality?

<p>That is intentionally extends itself beyond its own walls. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Missionaries are much maligned by historians and anthropologists, because they are thought to embrace colonialism. What truth is there to counter such arguments?

<p>The roots of independence and nationalism emerged from the work of missionaries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Acts 16 how did people come to Christ?

<p>People came to Christ as people movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Church is considered the least complete version of the People of God.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peter's journey to Cornelius, as described in Acts 10, is an example of involuntary going.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The persecution of disciples, as described in Acts 8:1, resulted in involuntary going, leading to the establishment of the church in Antioch.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Naaman's encounter with Elisha (II Kings 5) represents a voluntary coming to interact with Christianity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modality structure in God's redemptive plan is focused on decision-making and mission, similar to rabbinical mission initiatives.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

William Carey's contribution to missions can be seen as a response to hyper-Calvinistic theology and the acceptance of ancient monastic orders.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first era of modern missions primarily focused on coastal and inland areas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hudson Taylor's missionary focus was primarily on coastal regions, easily accessible by sea.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Faith missions are characterized by denominational backing and guaranteed financial support.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Christianity no longer reflects the accusation that it is a white man’s religion because it is emerging in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Early Christian missionaries built structures with long-term impact, such as schools and hospitals, but are praised by most historians and anthropologists.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nestorian Christian missionaries reached China as early as the 7th century, traversing the Silk Road despite holding orthodox views that were aligned with mainstream Christianity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary strategy of 19th-century missions involved promoting social justice through the establishment of labor unions and political advocacy groups.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rise of single woman missionaries during the 19th century is a minor detail in the history of the missionary expansion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Haystack Prayer Meeting occurred during a time of intense religious fervor in the United States, marking a period of widespread Christian dominance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Brussels Statement emphasized a holistic view of the gospel, with a need only to evangelize with little concern for the poor and social needs of the world.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the third era of missions, the focus shifted from the individual to group conversions, but this was influenced by Donald McGavran's study of revivals which showed all conversions are based on individual choice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The secularized worldview of Westerners equips them to readily understand and engage with the supernatural elements present in many non-Western cultures, enhancing their missionary effectiveness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite initial predictions from the 1910 World Mission Conference, Africa will be a primarily Christian continent by 2035 due to Western missionary influence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The utilization of advanced AI technologies is projected to not significantly decrease the timeline and resources required for translating the Bible into new languages.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the historical figure with their contribution to missions:

<p>William Carey = Challenged hyper-Reformed theology and advocated for missions. J. Hudson Taylor = Focused on inland regions and created faith missions. Cameron Townsend = Pioneered Bible translation for people without existing scriptures. Roland Allen = Emphasized local leadership in the expansion of Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the missionary era with its primary geographical focus:

<p>First Era = Coastal areas Second Era = Inland/interior regions Third Era = People group perspective 21st Century = Global, with migratory patterns influencing mission fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its definition in the context of missions:

<p>Modality = Inclusive, nurture-oriented, fellowship-focused structures. Sodality = Decision-mission focused structures, like monastic orders or mission societies. Christianization by civilization = A 19th-century strategy of building schools and hospitals. Renewalists = A term that Harvey Cox used in his prediction on the 21st century Pentecostal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the individual with the concept or action:

<p>Ruth = Voluntarily left her homeland to follow Naomi. Jonah = Involuntarily went to Nineveh. Naaman = Voluntarily sought healing from Elisha. Joseph = Involuntarily journeyed to Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with examples of voluntary or involuntary action in the expansion of Christianity:

<p>Voluntary Going = Abraham to Canaan, William Carey to India Involuntary Going = Joseph's journey to Egypt, Persecution of disciples Voluntary Coming = Ruth to Judah, International students exposed to Christianity Involuntary Coming = Roman soldiers to Israel, Refugees to developed countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the era of mission with it's location foci:

<p>First Era = Calcutta Second Era = China Third Era = Guatemala Heretical Group = China</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relate figure to the movement:

<p>DeaL Moody = Student volunteer Donald McGavran = Bridges of God Brian Stiller = Global Pentecostal summit William Tyndale = bible in their own language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the figure with the quote or the book

<p>Roland Allen = The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church Lamin Sanneh = Translating the Message Harvey Cox = 2lst century would be decidedly Pentecostal/Charismatic. Phillip Jenkins = the assumptions of the secularized West are really a minority opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are these?

<p>Cameron Townsend = Wickliffe. Bible Translators. Brian Stiller = Canadian Pentecostal God = advise systems so. Paul and Silas = the Philippian jailer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did they found?

<p>Assisi = Franciscans Ignatius Loyola = Jesuits. Jay Hudson Taylor = China Inland Mission William Carey = Baptist Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their notable actions related to Bible translation

<p>William Tyndale = Gave his life translating scripture Robert Morrison = Translated into Manadrin luther = Basic reading primer for people and the expansion of Christianity just blossoms. Lamin Sanneh = Translating the Message</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why the 19th Missionary effort

<p>Civilize = bring. Civilized structure to people who are not yet Christian Seeds of nationalism = stemmed from building the roots and foundations of independence Black Africans = Gambia suggesting in his book Translating the Message 1910 = predominantly Muslim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these dates with the era of missionary effor

<p>l790 = the first year beginning of it Early 20th = local leaders who. Expanded upon a sovereign movement the 90s = Christianity in China Council of Ephesus in 431 = Heresy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Local leaders created mission groups

<p>Africans = did not happen because of Western missionaries Chenna = but Christianity is expanded in China Jeruislum = Christianity can thrive in any culture Thomas = see that the gospel, you know, spreads throughout the Mediterranean world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the key drivers of Chirstians

<p>stiller = age of the spirit Harvey Cox, = 1993 has actually come to pass Al = do translations spirit = expanded world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can religion make a comeback

<p>west = secular and death immigrant = the largest churches in Europe world today = a little different century Migration = Bringing Christianity to places</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following people with their areas of expertise or actions:

<p>Philip Jenkins = Sociologist who has written the rise of Christianty Westerners = Secular eyes Paul Hebert = anthropological training, and one of the things misses the supernatural Migratory patterns = Bringing Christianity to dead places</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the description with what had occurred.

<p>Africans 39 = the bottom line is is that is that worldviews Today 40 = involuntary violence Migration and 41 = brought Christian to death The end of the 39 = that God didn't human</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>today = Syria Japan = sad China = came with London Missionary 40 now = now and you no</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unfolding Redemptive Mission

The unfolding redemptive mission of God is demonstrated through a Missional Hermeneutic throughout Scripture. It involves people representing a redemptive God, particularly the Church.

Voluntary Going

Structures where people willingly go to spread the message.

Involuntary Going

Structures where people are compelled to go due to circumstances.

Voluntary Coming

Structures where someone willingly integrates into a community or culture.

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Involuntary Coming

Structures where a foreign element integrates into a community or culture.

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Modality structure

Inclusive, nurture-oriented, focused on family, synagogue, or church.

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Sodality Structure

Decision-mission focused; rabbinical, apostolic bands, monastic orders, mission societies.

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First Era of Missions

Personified by William Carey, response to hyper-Reformed theology, emphasizing the obligation of Christians to use means for conversion.

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Second Era of Missions

Personified by J Hudson Taylor, focused on inland regions, faith missions, single women missionaries, and the Student Volunteer Movement.

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Third Era of Missions

Personified by Cam Townsend and Ralph Winter, geographical focus shifts to people groups, emphasizing how people come to Christ.

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Lectionaries

Collection of scriptural readings for worship, study, or theological use.

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The 21st Century Mission

Assumptions of the secularized West are a minority opinion; The Flaw of the Excluded Middle; Migratory patterns as highways for the Gospel.

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A New Voice from India

Massive human migration, deterritorialization of culture, shifting center of Christianity, rise of global poverty, and explosion of information/technology.

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Drivers of Expansion

Age of the Spirit, Holiness movement, Keswick movement, and focus on subsequent spiritual experiences connected to focused and empowered service.

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Bible Translation

Luther placing the Bible in peoples language, became source of literacy & Luther's work of literacy produced seeds of democracy.

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Bible as Growth Source

Half the world lacks a Bible in their own language; Theological priority for worship and Christian growth; The Incarnation is the theological standard.

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Locals Rule

The Acts 15 tradition; Church by Roland Allen; the growth of non-western Christianity is present when there are no missionaries.

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A Truly Full Gospel

A pendulum of understanding the Kingdom of God and its rule over all created order.

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Insights from the 21st Century

The assumptions of a secularized West is really a minority opinion (Philip Jenkins), flaw of the Excluded Middle (Paul Hiebert:),

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Study Notes

  • The Bible uses a Missional Hermeneutic as it demonstrates a redemptive saga throughout Scripture
  • The Church as a people represent a redemptive God and viewed as the most complete version of the People of God

Four Redemptive Structures

  • Abraham to Canaan as noted in Genesis 12:1 is an example of voluntary movement
  • Peter to Cornelius is an example in Acts 10
  • St Patrick to Ireland is another example of this type of mission
  • William Carey to India also represents this model
  • Joseph’s journey to Egypt as noted in Genesis 38-50, is an example of involuntary movement
  • Jonah to Nineveh as noted in Jonah 1-4, fighting it the entire time and only going due to the sort of amazing story of the great fish
  • The persecution of disciples as in Acts 8:1 was involuntary dispersion was another
  • Christian Roman soldiers were sent to England and Spain and Christian captives of Vikings evangelized Vikings involuntarily
  • Contemporary examples of involuntary movement include Filipino contract workers going to the Muslim world
  • Naaman coming to Elisha is noted in II Kings 5
  • Ruth's choice to go to Judah
  • Ruth made the choice to leave her land and encounter God by going back with her mother-in-law, who wasn't Jewish
  • Voluntary coming is also seeing in the day of Pentecost (Acts 2)
  • Ethiopian eunuch occurs in Acts 8
  • Barbarians invade Rome interact with Christianity and International students exposed to Christianity are also examples of coming to the Word
  • Contracted Christian professionals go to the non-Christian world for work
  • Gentiles who are part of rebuilding of Jerusalem (Nehemiah) and Roman soldiers to “Israel” (Acts 10) are examples of involuntary movemnent today
  • America’s history of African slaves is tragic but involuntary coming has had impact, as have refugees to developed countries

Mission Structure

  • Modality is inclusive, nurture oriented, and fellowship focused — like a family, synagogue, or church
  • Sodality is second decision-mission focused such as rabbinical missional initiatives, apostolic bands (Acts 13), monastic orders, and mission societies

Key Figures

  • William Carey responded to hyper-Reformed theology and translated the bible in his response to "An Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of Heathen"
  • J Hudson Taylor led the second era and was focused on inland/interior regions and spearheaded several faith missions

Modern Eras of Missions

  • The American initiative begins with a prayer meeting and takes six years to actualize (1806-1812)
  • Modern missions saw a rise in single women missionaries during the second modern era of missions
  • The Second Era also had a Student Volunteer Movement which was "the world for Christ in our generation" - 1900
  • During the Third Era, Cam Townsend and Ralph Winter worked towards reaching people group geographical perspective

Key Tenets of Different Eras

  • First and Second Eras were influenced by colonial empires and used civilization as Christianization

Earliest Christianity in Asia

  • Earliest Christianity in Asia had Nestorian missionaries traveling in China on Silk Road

Early Missionaries in Asia

  • Franciscan Italian priests came in 1294
  • Robert Morrison of London Missionary Society translated Bible to Mandarin in 1807

21st Century Missions

  • Sociologist Philip Jenkins challenges Western secularization, highlighting faith's rise elsewhere- "The Flaw of the Excluded Middle"-Paul Hiebert
  • Voluntary and involuntary migratory patterns becomes highways for Gospel

Key Influencers

  • In Harvard theologian Harvey Cox predicted a shift towards Pentecostal in 1993
  • Statistician Todd Johnstone observes 1.2 billion Christian "renewalists" by 2050: Pentecostal-Charismatic

The Role of the Bible

  • Luther advocated for Bible translation promoting literacy and human agency
  • Lamin Sanneh noted literacy in 19th century produced seeds of democracy Post WWII when message was translated
  • Half the world lacks a Bible in their own language, so must prioritize Christian growth The Incarnation sets standard of humans communicating it in understandable form
  • The Acts 15 tradition highlights the importance of local leadership.
  • The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church" by Roland Allen emphasizes non-western expansion.
  • 1910 World Mission Conference in Edinburgh focused on local rule as key
  • Because of the economic necessity to come to Singapore to work, immigrants now have opportunity to go back home and bring the faith back to their country"

Key Elements of Gospel today

  • Need full gospel including Kingdom of God as noted in “PDF Brussels Statement"

The Role of Listening Today

  • Must understand Global South & what helps revitalize Christian voices if that is center
  • A new voice from India

Key Factors Of Expansion

  • People come to Christ one on one, as seen in Acts 16:31
  • Donald McGavran created study of God and he creates
  • There are 25,000 students in the US and Canada and Europe, that are not wealthy go to those places
  • These people did with the YMCA who had bible reading and were businessmen’s clubs

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