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Questions and Answers
Mature red blood cells are called:
Mature red blood cells are called:
- thrombocytes.
- erythrocytes. (correct)
- leukocytes.
- hematopoietic cells.
The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called:
The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called:
- hematocrit. (correct)
- anemia.
- erythropoeitin.
- cytothemia.
Which of the following relates best to the description of blood?
Which of the following relates best to the description of blood?
- connective tissue - less viscous than water - 6.35 to 6.45 - 3L
- endothelial tissue - more viscous than water - 7.35 to 7.45 - 3L
- endothelial tissue - less viscous than water - 6.35 to 6.45 - 5L
- connective tissue - more viscous than water - 7.35 to 7.45 - 5L (correct)
Which of the following describes erythropoiesis?
Which of the following describes erythropoiesis?
Which of the following is the average life span of an RBC?
Which of the following is the average life span of an RBC?
Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of _____ protein chains with _____ iron atoms.
Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of _____ protein chains with _____ iron atoms.
Macrophages in what organ(s) primarily recycle RBCs?
Macrophages in what organ(s) primarily recycle RBCs?
Which of the following is not an antigen in the ABO system?
Which of the following is not an antigen in the ABO system?
O+ blood could be given to all the following blood types except:
O+ blood could be given to all the following blood types except:
What is the "universal recipient" that can receive from all blood donors?
What is the "universal recipient" that can receive from all blood donors?
When antibodies combine and react to antigens it is called:
When antibodies combine and react to antigens it is called:
Which of the following is descriptive of a neutrophil?
Which of the following is descriptive of a neutrophil?
If a person was infected with parasitic worms, which leukocyte would you expect to see increase?
If a person was infected with parasitic worms, which leukocyte would you expect to see increase?
What is the function of heparin?
What is the function of heparin?
Antibodies come from which leukocyte?
Antibodies come from which leukocyte?
Hemostasis refers to what?
Hemostasis refers to what?
What is the first step in hemostasis?
What is the first step in hemostasis?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a clot?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a clot?
For the liver to synthesize prothrombin, blood must contain an adequate amount of what?
For the liver to synthesize prothrombin, blood must contain an adequate amount of what?
The apex of the heart points in which direction?
The apex of the heart points in which direction?
Which part of the heart has de-oxygenated blood?
Which part of the heart has de-oxygenated blood?
Where is the heart found?
Where is the heart found?
What membrane lies directly on the heart?
What membrane lies directly on the heart?
What layer of the heart provides a smooth surface to reduce the friction of blood as it travels through it?
What layer of the heart provides a smooth surface to reduce the friction of blood as it travels through it?
_______________ circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.
_______________ circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.
The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the:
The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the:
Blood in the circumflex artery comes from which of the following vessels?
Blood in the circumflex artery comes from which of the following vessels?
Right coronary artery
Right coronary artery
The interatrial bundle does what?
The interatrial bundle does what?
Which of the following slows the impulse, allowing the atria to contract completely before reaching the ventricles?
Which of the following slows the impulse, allowing the atria to contract completely before reaching the ventricles?
Which of the following is the correct impulse pathway through the heart?
Which of the following is the correct impulse pathway through the heart?
Which of the following refers to a contraction that moves blood out of the heart?
Which of the following refers to a contraction that moves blood out of the heart?
The first heart sound, "lub," is:
The first heart sound, "lub," is:
Hearing swishing sounds when listening to a patients heart may indicate:
Hearing swishing sounds when listening to a patients heart may indicate:
An ECG is measuring:
An ECG is measuring:
Which of the following represents depolarization of the atria?
Which of the following represents depolarization of the atria?
Which of the following represents systole of the atria?
Which of the following represents systole of the atria?
Which of the following represents repolarization of the atria?
Which of the following represents repolarization of the atria?
Which of the following represents contraction of the ventricles?
Which of the following represents contraction of the ventricles?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute is called:
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute is called:
Which of the following is the correct method of calculating cardiac output (CO)?
Which of the following is the correct method of calculating cardiac output (CO)?
Increased contractility of the heart causes which of the following?
Increased contractility of the heart causes which of the following?
What is the main factor that influences venous return to the heart?
What is the main factor that influences venous return to the heart?
Which of the following will decrease heart rate?
Which of the following will decrease heart rate?
The vasomotor centre that regulates BP is located in the:
The vasomotor centre that regulates BP is located in the:
Frank-Starling law states:
Frank-Starling law states:
Which of the following is least characteristic of erythrocytes?
Which of the following is least characteristic of erythrocytes?
Erythropoietin:
Erythropoietin:
Which of the following is most likely to cause cyanosis (blue colouration of
blood)?
Which of the following is most likely to cause cyanosis (blue colouration of blood)?
Identify the following: 7.35 to 7.45.
Identify the following: 7.35 to 7.45.
The anemia (lack of oxygen) caused by chronic kidney disease is due to:
The anemia (lack of oxygen) caused by chronic kidney disease is due to:
A deficiency of intrinsic factor:
A deficiency of intrinsic factor:
Which of the following is least descriptive of leukocytes?
Which of the following is least descriptive of leukocytes?
Neutrophils and monocytes:
Neutrophils and monocytes:
What condition is most likely to elevate the hematocrit?
What condition is most likely to elevate the hematocrit?
A person with type O (+) blood is given a transfusion of type A (–) blood. What, if
anything, is likely to happen?
A person with type O (+) blood is given a transfusion of type A (–) blood. What, if anything, is likely to happen?
Which of the following mother-baby blood relationships is of concern?
Which of the following mother-baby blood relationships is of concern?
A patient is mistakenly given a unit of incompatible blood. Which of the following best characterizes the patient response?
A patient is mistakenly given a unit of incompatible blood. Which of the following best characterizes the patient response?
During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to:
During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to:
The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood:
The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood:
What do the venae cavae, pulmonary artery, and the aorta have in common?
What do the venae cavae, pulmonary artery, and the aorta have in common?
n which structure does blood become oxygenated?
n which structure does blood become oxygenated?
Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart?
Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart?
The semilunar valves:
The semilunar valves:
A cell that spontaneously depolarizes from resting membrane potential to
threshold potential is:
A cell that spontaneously depolarizes from resting membrane potential to threshold potential is:
The heart:
The heart:
What are located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?
What are located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?
Both the pulmonic and aortic valves:
Both the pulmonic and aortic valves:
The semilunar valves open in response to:
The semilunar valves open in response to:
The AV valves close in response to
The AV valves close in response to
Purkinje fibers:
Purkinje fibers:
What is happening when the ventricles are filling?
What is happening when the ventricles are filling?
What is the cause of the heart sounds “lub dub”?
What is the cause of the heart sounds “lub dub”?
Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
During ventricular diastole:
During ventricular diastole:
Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby:
Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby:
Ventricular systole refers to:
Ventricular systole refers to:
Milliliters per minute describes:
Milliliters per minute describes:
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?
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Study Notes
Blood Cells and Blood Type
- Mature red blood cells are called erythrocytes
- The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called hematocrit
- Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production
- The average life span of an RBC is 120 days
- Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of four protein chains with four iron atoms
- Macrophages in the spleen and liver primarily recycle RBCs
Blood Type and Antigens
- O+ blood can be given to all blood types except those with A or B antibodies
- The "universal recipient" that can receive blood from all blood donors is AB+
- Antibodies combining and reacting to antigens is called agglutination
- The ABO blood system does not include the Lewis antigen
Leukocytes and Hemostasis
- Neutrophils are a type of leukocyte
- Eosinophils increase in response to parasitic worm infections
- Heparin prevents blood clotting
- Antibodies come from B cells
- Hemostasis refers to the stopping of blood flow
- The first step in hemostasis is vasoconstriction
- The correct sequence of events in clot formation is platelet plug, fibrin clot, and coagulation
Heart Structure and Function
- The apex of the heart points towards the left
- The right atrium has de-oxygenated blood
- The heart is found in the thoracic cavity
- The epicardium is the membrane that lies directly on the heart
- The endocardium provides a smooth surface to reduce blood friction
- The systemic circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs
Cardiac Conduction and Blood Flow
- The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
- The circumflex artery comes from the left coronary artery
- The interatrial bundle allows the atria to contract completely before the ventricles
- The correct impulse pathway through the heart is SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles
- Contraction of the ventricles is called systole
- The first heart sound, "lub", is caused by the closure of the AV valves
- An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart
- Depolarization of the atria is represented by the P wave on an ECG
Cardiac Output and Regulation
- Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
- Cardiac output can be calculated by heart rate x stroke volume
- Increased contractility of the heart increases cardiac output
- The main factor that influences venous return is blood pressure
- The vasomotor centre that regulates blood pressure is located in the medulla oblongata
- The Frank-Starling law states that increased venous return increases cardiac output
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