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blood and heart online
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blood and heart online

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Questions and Answers

Mature red blood cells are called:

erythrocytes.

The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called:

hematocrit.

Which of the following relates best to the description of blood?

connective tissue - more viscous than water - 7.35 to 7.45 - 5L

Which of the following describes erythropoiesis?

<p>Process of RBC formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the average life span of an RBC?

<p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of _____ protein chains with _____ iron atoms.

<p>4, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages in what organ(s) primarily recycle RBCs?

<p>Liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an antigen in the ABO system?

<p>Rh</p> Signup and view all the answers

O+ blood could be given to all the following blood types except:

<p>O-</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the "universal recipient" that can receive from all blood donors?

<p>AB+</p> Signup and view all the answers

When antibodies combine and react to antigens it is called:

<p>agglutination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is descriptive of a neutrophil?

<p>Phagocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person was infected with parasitic worms, which leukocyte would you expect to see increase?

<p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of heparin?

<p>Anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibodies come from which leukocyte?

<p>B Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemostasis refers to what?

<p>Stoppage of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in hemostasis?

<p>Blood vessel spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a clot?

<p>Prothrombin activator, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the liver to synthesize prothrombin, blood must contain an adequate amount of what?

<p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

The apex of the heart points in which direction?

<p>inferior and lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart has de-oxygenated blood?

<p>Right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart found?

<p>Ventral - thoracic - mediastinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What membrane lies directly on the heart?

<p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the heart provides a smooth surface to reduce the friction of blood as it travels through it?

<p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______________ circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

<p>Systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the:

<p>left coronary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood in the circumflex artery comes from which of the following vessels?

<p>Left coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Right coronary artery

<p>coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interatrial bundle does what?

<p>Facilitates rapid conduction to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following slows the impulse, allowing the atria to contract completely before reaching the ventricles?

<p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct impulse pathway through the heart?

<p>SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a contraction that moves blood out of the heart?

<p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first heart sound, "lub," is:

<p>closing of the AV valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hearing swishing sounds when listening to a patients heart may indicate:

<p>valves are not closing tightly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ECG is measuring:

<p>electrical events of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents depolarization of the atria?

<p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents systole of the atria?

<p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents repolarization of the atria?

<p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents contraction of the ventricles?

<p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute is called:

<p>cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct method of calculating cardiac output (CO)?

<p>SV x HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased contractility of the heart causes which of the following?

<p>Increased stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences venous return to the heart?

<p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will decrease heart rate?

<p>Decreased blood temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vasomotor centre that regulates BP is located in the:

<p>medulla oblongata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frank-Starling law states:

<p>The more the heart is stretched, the greater the contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least characteristic of erythrocytes?

<p>stickiness, plug, and hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoietin:

<p>is released in response to low plasma levels of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to cause cyanosis (blue colouration of blood)?

<p>hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the following: 7.35 to 7.45.

<p>the normal blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anemia (lack of oxygen) caused by chronic kidney disease is due to:

<p>a deficiency of erythropoietin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A deficiency of intrinsic factor:

<p>decreases the absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least descriptive of leukocytes?

<p>activates prothrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutrophils and monocytes:

<p>engage in phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is most likely to elevate the hematocrit?

<p>dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with type O (+) blood is given a transfusion of type A (–) blood. What, if anything, is likely to happen?

<p>hemolytic reaction since the recipient blood contains anti-A antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mother-baby blood relationships is of concern?

<p>mom is AB(–); baby is B(+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is mistakenly given a unit of incompatible blood. Which of the following best characterizes the patient response?

<p>Hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to:

<p>prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood:

<p>to the lungs for oxygenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the venae cavae, pulmonary artery, and the aorta have in common?

<p>All are called great vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

n which structure does blood become oxygenated?

<p>pulmonary capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart?

<p>pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

The semilunar valves:

<p>are outflow valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell that spontaneously depolarizes from resting membrane potential to threshold potential is:

<p>called a pacemaker cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart:

<p>is located within the mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?

<p>base and apex of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both the pulmonic and aortic valves:

<p>are attached to chordae tendineae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The semilunar valves open in response to:

<p>rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The AV valves close in response to

<p>rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Purkinje fibers:

<p>are distributed throughout the ventricular myocardium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is happening when the ventricles are filling?

<p>The ventricles are relaxed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the heart sounds “lub dub”?

<p>vibrations caused by closure of the valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?

<p>Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During ventricular diastole:

<p>blood fills the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby:

<p>increasing stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ventricular systole refers to:

<p>contraction of the ventricular myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Milliliters per minute describes:

<p>cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?

<p>vagal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Cells and Blood Type

  • Mature red blood cells are called erythrocytes
  • The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called hematocrit
  • Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production
  • The average life span of an RBC is 120 days
  • Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of four protein chains with four iron atoms
  • Macrophages in the spleen and liver primarily recycle RBCs

Blood Type and Antigens

  • O+ blood can be given to all blood types except those with A or B antibodies
  • The "universal recipient" that can receive blood from all blood donors is AB+
  • Antibodies combining and reacting to antigens is called agglutination
  • The ABO blood system does not include the Lewis antigen

Leukocytes and Hemostasis

  • Neutrophils are a type of leukocyte
  • Eosinophils increase in response to parasitic worm infections
  • Heparin prevents blood clotting
  • Antibodies come from B cells
  • Hemostasis refers to the stopping of blood flow
  • The first step in hemostasis is vasoconstriction
  • The correct sequence of events in clot formation is platelet plug, fibrin clot, and coagulation

Heart Structure and Function

  • The apex of the heart points towards the left
  • The right atrium has de-oxygenated blood
  • The heart is found in the thoracic cavity
  • The epicardium is the membrane that lies directly on the heart
  • The endocardium provides a smooth surface to reduce blood friction
  • The systemic circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs

Cardiac Conduction and Blood Flow

  • The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
  • The circumflex artery comes from the left coronary artery
  • The interatrial bundle allows the atria to contract completely before the ventricles
  • The correct impulse pathway through the heart is SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles
  • Contraction of the ventricles is called systole
  • The first heart sound, "lub", is caused by the closure of the AV valves
  • An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart
  • Depolarization of the atria is represented by the P wave on an ECG

Cardiac Output and Regulation

  • Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
  • Cardiac output can be calculated by heart rate x stroke volume
  • Increased contractility of the heart increases cardiac output
  • The main factor that influences venous return is blood pressure
  • The vasomotor centre that regulates blood pressure is located in the medulla oblongata
  • The Frank-Starling law states that increased venous return increases cardiac output

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Description

This quiz question tests your knowledge of medical terminology, specifically the name given to mature red blood cells. Red blood cells play a crucial role in the human body.

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