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Questions and Answers

Mature red blood cells are called:

  • thrombocytes.
  • erythrocytes. (correct)
  • leukocytes.
  • hematopoietic cells.

    • The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called:

  • hematocrit. (correct)
  • anemia.
  • erythropoeitin.
  • cytothemia.

    • Which of the following relates best to the description of blood?

  • connective tissue - less viscous than water - 6.35 to 6.45 - 3L
  • endothelial tissue - more viscous than water - 7.35 to 7.45 - 3L
  • endothelial tissue - less viscous than water - 6.35 to 6.45 - 5L
  • connective tissue - more viscous than water - 7.35 to 7.45 - 5L (correct)

    • Which of the following describes erythropoiesis?

    <p>Process of RBC formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the average life span of an RBC?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of _____ protein chains with _____ iron atoms.

    <p>4, 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macrophages in what organ(s) primarily recycle RBCs?

    <p>Liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an antigen in the ABO system?

    <p>Rh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O+ blood could be given to all the following blood types except:

    <p>O-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "universal recipient" that can receive from all blood donors?

    <p>AB+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When antibodies combine and react to antigens it is called:

    <p>agglutination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is descriptive of a neutrophil?

    <p>Phagocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person was infected with parasitic worms, which leukocyte would you expect to see increase?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of heparin?

    <p>Anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies come from which leukocyte?

    <p>B Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemostasis refers to what?

    <p>Stoppage of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in hemostasis?

    <p>Blood vessel spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the formation of a clot?

    <p>Prothrombin activator, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the liver to synthesize prothrombin, blood must contain an adequate amount of what?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The apex of the heart points in which direction?

    <p>inferior and lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart has de-oxygenated blood?

    <p>Right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the heart found?

    <p>Ventral - thoracic - mediastinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What membrane lies directly on the heart?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the heart provides a smooth surface to reduce the friction of blood as it travels through it?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______________ circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

    <p>Systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the:

    <p>left coronary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood in the circumflex artery comes from which of the following vessels?

    <p>Left coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Right coronary artery

    <p>coronary sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interatrial bundle does what?

    <p>Facilitates rapid conduction to the left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following slows the impulse, allowing the atria to contract completely before reaching the ventricles?

    <p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct impulse pathway through the heart?

    <p>SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to a contraction that moves blood out of the heart?

    <p>Ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first heart sound, "lub," is:

    <p>closing of the AV valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hearing swishing sounds when listening to a patients heart may indicate:

    <p>valves are not closing tightly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ECG is measuring:

    <p>electrical events of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents depolarization of the atria?

    <p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents systole of the atria?

    <p>P wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents repolarization of the atria?

    <p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents contraction of the ventricles?

    <p>QRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute is called:

    <p>cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct method of calculating cardiac output (CO)?

    <p>SV x HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased contractility of the heart causes which of the following?

    <p>Increased stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences venous return to the heart?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will decrease heart rate?

    <p>Decreased blood temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vasomotor centre that regulates BP is located in the:

    <p>medulla oblongata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frank-Starling law states:

    <p>The more the heart is stretched, the greater the contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least characteristic of erythrocytes?

    <p>stickiness, plug, and hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin:

    <p>is released in response to low plasma levels of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely to cause cyanosis (blue colouration of blood)?

    <p>hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the following: 7.35 to 7.45.

    <p>the normal blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anemia (lack of oxygen) caused by chronic kidney disease is due to:

    <p>a deficiency of erythropoietin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A deficiency of intrinsic factor:

    <p>decreases the absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least descriptive of leukocytes?

    <p>activates prothrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils and monocytes:

    <p>engage in phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely to elevate the hematocrit?

    <p>dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person with type O (+) blood is given a transfusion of type A (–) blood. What, if anything, is likely to happen?

    <p>hemolytic reaction since the recipient blood contains anti-A antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mother-baby blood relationships is of concern?

    <p>mom is AB(–); baby is B(+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is mistakenly given a unit of incompatible blood. Which of the following best characterizes the patient response?

    <p>Hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to:

    <p>prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood:

    <p>to the lungs for oxygenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the venae cavae, pulmonary artery, and the aorta have in common?

    <p>All are called great vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    n which structure does blood become oxygenated?

    <p>pulmonary capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following spaces does not contain the heart?

    <p>pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The semilunar valves:

    <p>are outflow valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cell that spontaneously depolarizes from resting membrane potential to threshold potential is:

    <p>called a pacemaker cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart:

    <p>is located within the mediastinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are located at the second rib and fifth intercostal space?

    <p>base and apex of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both the pulmonic and aortic valves:

    <p>are attached to chordae tendineae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The semilunar valves open in response to:

    <p>rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The AV valves close in response to

    <p>rising ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Purkinje fibers:

    <p>are distributed throughout the ventricular myocardium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is happening when the ventricles are filling?

    <p>The ventricles are relaxed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the heart sounds “lub dub”?

    <p>vibrations caused by closure of the valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?

    <p>Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular diastole:

    <p>blood fills the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle, thereby:

    <p>increasing stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ventricular systole refers to:

    <p>contraction of the ventricular myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Milliliters per minute describes:

    <p>cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?

    <p>vagal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Cells and Blood Type

    • Mature red blood cells are called erythrocytes
    • The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to overall blood volume is called hematocrit
    • Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production
    • The average life span of an RBC is 120 days
    • Each hemoglobin molecule is composed of four protein chains with four iron atoms
    • Macrophages in the spleen and liver primarily recycle RBCs

    Blood Type and Antigens

    • O+ blood can be given to all blood types except those with A or B antibodies
    • The "universal recipient" that can receive blood from all blood donors is AB+
    • Antibodies combining and reacting to antigens is called agglutination
    • The ABO blood system does not include the Lewis antigen

    Leukocytes and Hemostasis

    • Neutrophils are a type of leukocyte
    • Eosinophils increase in response to parasitic worm infections
    • Heparin prevents blood clotting
    • Antibodies come from B cells
    • Hemostasis refers to the stopping of blood flow
    • The first step in hemostasis is vasoconstriction
    • The correct sequence of events in clot formation is platelet plug, fibrin clot, and coagulation

    Heart Structure and Function

    • The apex of the heart points towards the left
    • The right atrium has de-oxygenated blood
    • The heart is found in the thoracic cavity
    • The epicardium is the membrane that lies directly on the heart
    • The endocardium provides a smooth surface to reduce blood friction
    • The systemic circulation includes blood flow to and from all parts of the body except the lungs

    Cardiac Conduction and Blood Flow

    • The left ventricular myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium
    • The circumflex artery comes from the left coronary artery
    • The interatrial bundle allows the atria to contract completely before the ventricles
    • The correct impulse pathway through the heart is SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles
    • Contraction of the ventricles is called systole
    • The first heart sound, "lub", is caused by the closure of the AV valves
    • An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart
    • Depolarization of the atria is represented by the P wave on an ECG

    Cardiac Output and Regulation

    • Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
    • Cardiac output can be calculated by heart rate x stroke volume
    • Increased contractility of the heart increases cardiac output
    • The main factor that influences venous return is blood pressure
    • The vasomotor centre that regulates blood pressure is located in the medulla oblongata
    • The Frank-Starling law states that increased venous return increases cardiac output

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    Description

    This quiz question tests your knowledge of medical terminology, specifically the name given to mature red blood cells. Red blood cells play a crucial role in the human body.

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