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Questions and Answers
What is the normal number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood in males?
What is the normal number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood in males?
- 5.5-6.5 million (correct)
- 4.5-6 million
- 5-6 million
- 4.5-5.5 million
What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells?
What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells?
- Neutropenia
- Leukopenia
- Anemia
- Leukocytosis (correct)
What type of anemia occurs after an acute bleeding episode?
What type of anemia occurs after an acute bleeding episode?
- Acute anemia (correct)
- Macrocytic anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Chronic anemia
Which type of white blood cell increases in response to bacterial infection?
Which type of white blood cell increases in response to bacterial infection?
What is the percentage of neutrophils in the blood?
What is the percentage of neutrophils in the blood?
What is the term for the liquid part of the blood without proteins?
What is the term for the liquid part of the blood without proteins?
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
What is the term for a cluster of immune cells in the lymph node?
What is the term for a cluster of immune cells in the lymph node?
What is the function of the cells mentioned in point 47?
What is the function of the cells mentioned in point 47?
What is the name of the space between the pleurae that can rupture?
What is the name of the space between the pleurae that can rupture?
What type of cells are mentioned in point 69?
What type of cells are mentioned in point 69?
What is the name of the cells mentioned in point 82?
What is the name of the cells mentioned in point 82?
What is the name of the structure mentioned in point 79?
What is the name of the structure mentioned in point 79?
What is the function of the cells mentioned in point 75?
What is the function of the cells mentioned in point 75?
What is the name of the structure mentioned in point 84?
What is the name of the structure mentioned in point 84?
What is the name of the cells mentioned in point 49?
What is the name of the cells mentioned in point 49?
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Study Notes
Blood and Hematology
- Normal erythrocyte count in males: 5.4 million/mm³
- Normal erythrocyte count in females: 4.8 million/mm³
- Normal platelet count: 150,000-450,000/mm³
- Normal leukocyte count: 4,000-11,000/mm³
- Leucocytosis: increase in leukocyte count
- Leucopenia: decrease in leukocyte count
- Anemia: decrease in erythrocyte count or hemoglobin level
- Anemia after acute blood loss: hemorrhagic anemia
- Neutrophils increase in acute bacterial infection
Leukocytes
- Neutrophils: 50-70%
- Eosinophils: 1-3%
- Basophils: 0-1%
- Lymphocytes: 20-40%
- Monocytes: 2-8%
Blood Components
- Plasma: liquid part of blood without proteins
- Serum: liquid part of blood without clotting factors
Erythrocyte Development
- Myeloblast: precursor cell
- Normoblast: intermediate cell
- Reticulocyte: immature erythrocyte
- Megakaryocyte: precursor of platelets
- Erythrocyte series: development stages of erythrocytes
Immune System
- Thymus: organ for T-cell development
- Reticular cells: types of cells in lymphoid organs
- Spleen: lymphoid organ
- Lymph nodes: lymphoid organs
- Lymphocytes B: produce antibodies
- Lymphocytes T: cell-mediated immunity
- Immunoglobulins: antibodies
Cardiovascular System
- Arteries: conduit and distributing arteries
- Arterioles: small arteries
- Capillaries: thin-walled blood vessels
- Venules: small veins
- Veins: blood vessels with valves
- Heart: electric conduction system
Respiratory System
- Bronchi: airways
- Bronchioles: smaller airways
- Alveoli: gas exchange sites
- Respiratory epithelium: type of epithelium
- Trachea: windpipe
- Cords (true and false): vocal cords
Digestive System
- Mouth: oral cavity
- Esophagus: muscular tube
- Stomach: muscular sac
- Gastric glands: secretory glands
- Intestines: small and large intestines
- Epithelium: type of epithelium in digestive tract
- Crypts of Lieberkühn: intestinal glands
- Villi: intestinal projections
- Paneth cells: secretory cells
- Enteroendocrine cells: hormone-secreting cells
- Rectum and anus: end of digestive tract
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