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Recombinant DNA Technology: PCR
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Recombinant DNA Technology: PCR

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Questions and Answers

What is the main application of PCR in biotechnology?

  • Gene therapy
  • Resource extraction
  • In vitro multiplication of specific DNA segments (correct)
  • Bioremediation

    • Recombinant DNA technology involves the use of microorganisms to make practical products.

    True

    What is the main goal of eliminating undesirable traits in recombinant DNA technology?

    To remove unwanted genes or characteristics

    Recombinant DNA technology involves the use of _______________ to manipulate genomes.

    <p>tools and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of genetic engineering in medicine?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PCR is used for quantifying DNA sequences.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Recombinant DNA Technology = A collection of tools and techniques for genome manipulation. GMOs = Organisms with inserted genes from other species. Mutagens = Key tools for genome manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Taq DNA polymerase in PCR?

    <p>Automation using a thermocycler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in gene locating?

    <p>To cut DNA into fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) uses radioactive DNA probes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gene libraries?

    <p>To simplify isolating specific genes for research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The E. coli Keio Knockout Collection consists of ______________________ strains with single nonessential genes removed.

    <p>3985</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an application of gene knockout in functional genomics?

    <p>Observing phenotypic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viral genomes are not used as vectors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of end with its example:

    <p>Sticky ends = HindII Blunt ends = EcoRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the complete gene map of H. influenzae in 1995?

    <p>It was a milestone in gene mapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of developing transgenic organisms with herbicide tolerance?

    <p>To enable weed control without damaging crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gene therapy is a medical application of biotechnology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of studying Deinococcus radiodurans in biotechnology?

    <p>Radiation resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biotechnology has applications in _______________ fields, including agriculture, industry, and medicine.

    <p>various</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following biotechnology applications with their descriptions:

    <p>Industrial and Environmental = Enhanced production processes, bioremediation, and resource extraction Agricultural = Sequencing complete genomes of pathogens, developing drugs and therapies Medical = Development of pharmaceuticals, gene therapy, and diagnostics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biotechnology involves the use of mutagens to induce genetic changes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controversy surrounding transgenic organisms?

    <p>Long-term effects and unforeseen problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of genomics?

    <p>To sequence and analyze the nucleotide bases of genomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sanger Sequencing uses fluorescent dyes for each nucleotide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the project that was completed in 2001, which involved sequencing the human genome?

    <p>Human Genome Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) involves the simultaneous sequencing of hundreds of millions of ______________________.

    <p>DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Recombinant DNA Technology = Synthesis of pharmaceuticals Gene Therapy = Replacing missing or defective genes Vaccine Production = Producing vaccines using antigen genes Gene Overexpression = Enhancing transcription or translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) over traditional sequencing methods?

    <p>It is more rapid and cost-effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microbial Community Studies involve the analysis of culturable microorganisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the sequencing technique that involves the use of four color reversible termination sequencing?

    <p>Sanger Sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Restriction Enzymes in Recombinant DNA Technology?

    <p>Cutting DNA at specific sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic Nucleic Acids are produced in vivo.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of Genetic Mapping in Recombinant DNA Technology?

    <p>Provides insights into an organism’s metabolism, growth characteristics, and relatedness to other microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CDNA lacks _______________________, making it expressible in prokaryotic cells.

    <p>noncoding sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Reverse Transcriptase in Recombinant DNA Technology?

    <p>Converting RNA to DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tools with their functions in Recombinant DNA Technology:

    <p>Mutagens = Causing genetic mutations PCR = Amplifying DNA Restriction Enzymes = Cutting DNA at specific sites Synthetic Nucleic Acids = In vitro production of DNA/RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recombinant DNA Technology has a narrow range of applications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of Recombinant DNA Technology in medicine?

    <p>Producing human proteins like growth factor, insulin, blood clotting factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Recombinant DNA Technology

    • Recombinant DNA technology is a collection of tools and techniques for genome manipulation.
    • It enables intentional genome modification for practical purposes.
    • Goals of Recombinant DNA Technology:
      • Eliminate undesirable traits
      • Combine beneficial traits
      • Create organisms for product synthesis

    Techniques of Recombinant DNA Technology

    • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
      • In vitro multiplication of specific DNA segments
      • Steps: Denaturation, priming, extension
      • Automation: Thermocycler using Taq DNA polymerase
    • Variation: Real-time PCR for quantifying DNA sequences
    • Mutagens:
      • Physical and chemical agents causing mutations
      • Example: Mutagens used to develop Penicillium strains producing more penicillin
    • Reverse Transcriptase:
      • Converts RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA)
      • cDNA lacks noncoding sequences, making it expressible in prokaryotic cells
    • Synthetic Nucleic Acids:
      • In vitro production of DNA/RNA
      • Uses: Elucidating genetic code, creating specific genes, synthesizing probes and antisense molecules, and PCR primers
    • Restriction Enzymes:
      • Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites
      • Types: Sticky ends (e.g., EcoRI) and blunt ends (e.g., HindII, SmaI)
      • Applications: Combining DNA from different organisms, creating recombinant DNA
    • Vectors:
      • DNA molecules used to deliver genes into cells
      • Types: Viral genomes, transposons, plasmids
      • Features: Small, stable, identifiable markers, enable genetic expression
    • Gene Libraries:
      • Collections of clones containing genetic material
      • Applications: Simplifies isolating specific genes for research

    Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology

    • Industrial Applications:
      • Enhanced production processes
      • Bioremediation
      • Resource extraction
    • Medical Applications:
      • Development of pharmaceuticals
      • Gene therapy
      • Diagnostics
    • Agricultural Applications:
      • Transgenic organisms engineered for specific traits
      • Herbicide tolerance
      • Pest resistance
      • Nutritional improvement

    Genetic Mapping

    • Locating genes on nucleic acid molecules
    • Applications: Producing human proteins like growth factor, insulin, blood clotting factors
    • Example: Discovery of hepatitis G virus

    DNA Sequencing

    • Sanger Sequencing:
      • Uses modified nucleotides to terminate DNA replication
      • Early methods involved selective cleavage of DNA and mapping short molecules
    • Next Generation Sequencing (NGS):
      • Massively parallel sequencing, allowing hundreds of millions of DNA fragments to be sequenced simultaneously
      • Applications: Sequencing complete genomes of pathogens, developing drugs and therapies, relating DNA sequences to protein functions

    Safety and Ethical Concerns

    • Debate: Controversy over long-term effects and unforeseen problems
    • Regulatory Measures: Implemented to prevent accidental release of altered organisms

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    Related Documents

    MICROFT-C8.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers the techniques of recombinant DNA technology, specifically the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process, its steps, and its automation. It also touches on the role of recombinant DNA technology in biotechnology.

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