Recombinant DNA Technology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the names of the two scientists who developed recombinant DNA technology in 1973?

Boyer and Cohen

What commonly used term is rDNA also known as?

Gene cloning

What are the six basic steps involved in most recombinant DNA experiments?

  • Isolating, Cutting, Joining, Transforming, Cloning, Selecting (correct)
  • Isolating, Cutting, Joining, Transcribing, Cloning, Screening
  • Isolating, Cutting, Inserting, Transforming, Replication, Screening

    • What is the name of the technique that has revolutionized recombinant DNA technology, and what is it used for?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplifying DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the enzyme that plays a crucial role in the joining of DNA fragments in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>DNA ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of vectors commonly used in gene cloning?

    <p>Plasmid vectors, bacteriophage vectors, and virus vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first nucleic acid blotting procedure developed in 1975?

    <p>Southern blotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blotting technique is used to identify specific RNA molecules?

    <p>Northern blotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give the name of the blotting technique used for identifying proteins.

    <p>Western blotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main databases where vast amounts of DNA sequence data are stored and organized?

    <p>GenBank and EMBL Sequence Data Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant advantage of recombinant DNA technology in the field of pharmaceutical products?

    <p>It allows large-scale production of human hormones and therapeutic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of therapeutic gene products that are now produced commercially from cloned genes?

    <p>Insulin, interleukins, interferons, growth hormones, erythropoietin, and coagulation factor VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to organisms that have been genetically modified to carry genes from other organisms?

    <p>Transgenic organisms (A), Genetically modified organisms (GMO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of genetically modified (GM) crops discussed in the text?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using transgenic animals?

    <p>They can be used to produce therapeutic proteins in their milk or eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the potential downsides of using GMOs?

    <p>Introduction of allergens, potential for trans-genes to spread to wild populations, R&amp;D costs, and ethical concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential application of recombinant DNA technology in medicine?

    <p>Genetic engineering of crops for higher yields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of human gene therapy?

    <p>To repair genetic deficiencies by introducing functional versions of defective genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human gene therapy aims to alter germ-line cells, which will affect future generations.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the challenges associated with human gene therapy?

    <p>The need to deliver genes effectively, ensure proper gene expression, and address potential ethical concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria that require post-translational modifications in mammalian cells?

    <p>Bacteria lack the necessary enzymes and mechanisms to carry out these modifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the summary of recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>It highlights the key techniques and applications of this groundbreaking technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is NOT included in the summary of recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Electrophoresis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recombinant DNA methods can be used to identify individuals with specific genetic defects.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Recombinant DNA Technology

    • Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is artificial DNA created by combining two or more DNA sequences that would not normally occur together through gene splicing.
    • Recombinant DNA technology enables the artificial production of DNA. This technology has been used to alter DNA in living organisms and may have even greater practical applications in the future.
    • The technology was developed by Boyer and Cohen in 1973.
    • Stanley N. Cohen received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1986 for his work on growth factors.
    • Herbert Boyer helped construct the first recombinant DNA using bacterial DNA and plasmids.
    • Recombinant DNA technology is a branch of medical science currently under research in an organized and dedicated effort.
    • Recombinant DNA is combined from two different DNA sources into a single molecule. This procedure is often useful when the artificial DNA is reproduced, known as DNA cloning.
    • The process involves isolating DNA, cutting DNA segments using restriction endonucleases, joining the fragments using DNA ligase, inserting the rDNA into a host cell, replicating and expressing DNA, and then identifying the host cells containing the rDNA.
    • Cloning vectors are plasmids, bacteriophages, viruses, or artificial chromosomes. Vectors are often used for replicating DNA within a host cell.
    • Most functional vectors have multiple cloning sites (MCS) or poly linkers.
    • There are different ways of getting a target gene including genomic DNA, artificial synthesis, PCR amplification, or RT-PCR.
    • A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique can amplify DNA from small samples.
    • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a variant of PCR and uses reverse transcriptase to first make DNA complements (cDNA) from RNA, then amplifies the cDNA using traditional PCR methods.
    • Cloning vectors are vital for this process as they allow DNA to be replicated autonomously within a compatible host cell.
    • Cloning vectors often have genetic markers or genes for selecting host cells that have successfully taken up foreign DNA. The cells that include the desired recombinant genes are often screened to identify them.
    • Recombinant proteins produced in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells can be used for therapeutic purposes. Recombinant proteins can be used in various medical and biological applications.
    • Some challenges involve mRNA processing in mammals that does not occur in bacteria; this can be addressed by chemically synthesizing genes containing exons or making cDNA using processed mRNA.
    • Bacteria may not perform post-translational modifications, so only proteins that do not undergo this process are synthesizable in bacteria.

    Gene Cloning (Molecular Cloning)

    • The process of producing numerous copies of a DNA segment.
    • Essential for studying genes and producing large quantities of specific DNA sequences.

    Types of Vectors

    • Plasmid vectors
    • Bacteriophage vectors
    • Virus vectors

    Types of Blotting Techniques

    • Southern blotting: For DNA molecules
    • Northern blotting: For RNA molecules
    • Western blotting: For proteins

    Transgenic Organisms

    • Organisms that contain genes from other organisms
    • Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can produce crops with genetically desirable traits, making them resistant to pesticides/herbicides, enhancing production, adding vitamins to improve nutritional content, or increasing shelf life.
    • Transgenic animals also include those that express genes from other organisms for various applications, like producing therapeutic proteins.
    • Animals may be modified for research or for producing proteins with therapeutic value.

    Application in Medicine

    • Human gene therapy
    • Diagnosis of genetic disorders
    • Forensic evidence

    Ethical Concerns with Recombinant DNA Technology

    • The use of recombinant DNA technology raises concerns about potential dangers including the risks of introducing allergens or causing harm to wild populations from genes that spread through pollination. Research and development costs can also be significant, creating complications for large-scale implementation when considering human use and profit.

    Other Applications of Recombinant DNA technology

    • Producing hormones for other therapeutic uses.
    • Producing safer vaccines.

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    Recombinant DNA Technology - GenBio2 Lesson 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology, a revolutionary method in genetics that combines DNA from different sources. This quiz covers its history, key contributors like Boyer and Cohen, and its applications in biotechnology and medicine.

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