Recognizing Sexual Abuse in Children
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Questions and Answers

What is a common reason older adults may not report elder abuse?

  • They fear retaliation from the abuser (correct)
  • They are physically unable to report the abuse
  • They are embarrassed about the situation
  • They lack trust in the authorities

    • Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

  • Friends and neighbors
  • Healthcare professionals
  • Strangers and acquaintances
  • Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers (correct)

    • Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

  • To ensure the parent or guardian is not involved in the abuse
  • To make the questioning process faster
  • To prevent the child from feeling intimidated (correct)
  • To make the child feel more comfortable

    • What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

    <p>Because they are more likely to believe them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Acting out behaviors and self-harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

    <p>Sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner?

    <p>Intimate Partner Violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye down laterally?

    <p>Trochlear (4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

    <p>Incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver not responding to the elder's physical, emotional, or social needs?

    <p>Neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the lining of the colon?

    <p>Polyps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

    <p>Trigeminal (5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Melena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

    <p>Residual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from the elder?

    <p>Financial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 1 pound of body fat in calories?

    <p>3,500 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common causes of overnutrition?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

    <p>To assess pain in patients who are 3 years or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment?

    <p>0-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the apical pulse taken?

    <p>On the chest at the left fifth intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily drinking limit for men?

    <p>2 standard drinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lightly palpating the abdomen between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

    <p>To assess for a distended bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urinary output per hour?

    <p>30ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OCB x3 test?

    <p>To assess for occult blood in stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound produced when the bowel is filled with air?

    <p>Tympanic sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To break down food and absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Romberg's test?

    <p>To assess for position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for yellowing of the skin due to increased dietary intake of carotene?

    <p>Carotenemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of C. difficile illness?

    <p>Three or more watery, nonbloody stools per 24-hr period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of McBurney's point test?

    <p>To assess for appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

    <p>To assess arterial blood gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking the patient to close their eyes and stand in this position for 30 seconds?

    <p>To observe for swaying and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is residual urine measured?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for breathing that is abnormally slow, with less than 12 breaths per minute?

    <p>Bradypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ascites?

    <p>Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of internal hemorrhoids?

    <p>Inside the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the procedure that provides direct visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

    <p>Bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you assess the kidneys using indirect blunt percussion?

    <p>At the costovertebral angle on the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position, which is relieved when standing or sitting?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of pinworms?

    <p>Itching and redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring intake and output?

    <p>To monitor fluid balance and detect dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

    <p>To detect hidden blood in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

    <p>Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the absence of breathing?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpating the tender areas last during abdominal assessment?

    <p>To avoid causing discomfort to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of prostate cancer?

    <p>Difficulty or frequency urinating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anal fissure?

    <p>A ulceration due to repetitive microtrauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scrotum?

    <p>A sac of skin and muscle that holds the testicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition that may cause pain, swelling, or changes in the appearance of the scrotum?

    <p>Hydrocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting findings after a Romberg test?

    <p>To document the patient's balance and proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second leading cause of death globally?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer has a higher incidence in African Americans?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

    <p>To review all body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ROS assess?

    <p>A subjective report of all body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of OLDCARTS?

    <p>To fully describe a symptom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for developing anal cancer?

    <p>HPV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common global health problem?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted number of people affected by obesity by 2030?

    <p>1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a follow-up assessment?

    <p>To concentrate on new data since the last history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason older adults may not report elder abuse?

    <p>Fear of retaliation from the abuser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Withdrawal and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

    <p>To prevent the parent or guardian from influencing the child's response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Stomach aches and blood in stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

    <p>Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

    <p>Because they are more accessible and trusted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of abuse involves a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye laterally?

    <p>Abducens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for painful urination?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking an elderly person about their feelings of safety in their current relationship?

    <p>To assess for intimate partner violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from an elder adult?

    <p>Financial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the remaining urine in the bladder after voiding?

    <p>Residual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship?

    <p>Intimate partner violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for swallowing and gag sensation?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

    <p>Hematochezia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

    <p>Incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing a bladder scan?

    <p>To measure residual urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

    <p>To assess for appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of bowel sounds per minute?

    <p>5-34 clicks or gurgles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Romberg test?

    <p>To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a protein that is often low in patients with liver disease?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpating the abdomen between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

    <p>To assess for a distended bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sign of appendicitis characterized by deep tenderness at a specific point on the right side of the abdomen?

    <p>McBurney point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of bacterium that is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea?

    <p>C. difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

    <p>3,500 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily drinking limit for men in standard drinks?

    <p>2 drinks per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring urinary output?

    <p>To evaluate kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

    <p>To assess pain in patients aged 3 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location where the diaphragm of the stethoscope is placed to take the apical pulse?

    <p>Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of overnutrition?

    <p>Food marketing and promotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pain assessment scale that asks patients to select the adjective or phrase that best characterizes their level of pain?

    <p>Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale (VRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the yellowing of the skin due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb nutrients and eliminate waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

    <p>To assess arterial blood gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for shallow or abnormally slow breathing, leading to reduced airflow to the lungs?

    <p>Hypopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting intake and output?

    <p>To monitor a patient's hydration status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vomiting of blood, possibly related to gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpating the abdomen during an abdominal assessment?

    <p>To identify areas of tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty breathing, characterized by a feeling of chest tightness?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing the skin, hair, and nails during a physical examination?

    <p>To identify signs of systemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of external hemorrhoids?

    <p>Outside the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of hemorrhoids?

    <p>Increased rectal pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of dehydration?

    <p>Dry mouth and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Romberg's test?

    <p>To evaluate for balance and swaying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of pinworms?

    <p>Irritation to the anal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition that may cause pain, swelling, or changes in the appearance of the scrotum?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

    <p>To detect gastrointestinal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

    <p>Undescended testicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of anal fissures?

    <p>Passage of hard stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a health history?

    <p>To summarize an individual's past and current medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the assessment of an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living?

    <p>Functional assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted global epidemic that will affect one billion people by 2030?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the subjective report of a patient's symptoms, designed to identify normal versus abnormal symptoms?

    <p>ROS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a focused assessment?

    <p>To focus on an acute problem or symptom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a follow-up assessment?

    <p>To concentrate on new data since the last history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the lining of the colon?

    <p>Polyps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cultural consideration for assessing the anus and rectum?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the prevention of a disease or condition, such as obesity?

    <p>Health promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do older adults often not report elder abuse?

    <p>They fear retaliation from the abuser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

    <p>Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

    <p>Because they are more accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When asking a child or adolescent about abuse, it is best when

    <p>The parent or legal guardian is not present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or feeling of chest tightness?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the yellowing of the skin due to increased dietary intake of carotene?

    <p>Carotenemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing intake and output?

    <p>To monitor fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormally slow breathing, with less than 12 breaths per minute?

    <p>Bradypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the absence of breathing?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for shallow or abnormally slow breathing, leading to reduced airflow to the lungs?

    <p>Hypopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position and is relieved when standing or sitting?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the procedure that provides direct visual of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

    <p>Bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

    <p>Sexual abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

    <p>Residual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

    <p>Hematochezia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

    <p>Physical abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for painful urination?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye down laterally?

    <p>Trochlear nerve (4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

    <p>Incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from an elder adult?

    <p>Financial abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the absence of urination?

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

    <p>To assess for appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urinary output per hour?

    <p>30ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound produced when the bowel is filled with air?

    <p>Tympanic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palpating the bladder between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

    <p>To assess for a distended bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Romberg's test?

    <p>To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of 3 stools at 3 different movements to assess occult blood?

    <p>OCB x3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bladder scan?

    <p>To drain the bladder with a thin flexible tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide?

    <p>C.difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring residual urine?

    <p>To drain the bladder with a thin flexible tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

    <p>3,500 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Romberg's test?

    <p>To observe for swaying and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing substance use, such as ETOH?

    <p>To assess the risk of substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the pain assessment scale that asks patients to estimate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10?

    <p>Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for swollen, dilated veins that protrude from the lower rectum or anus?

    <p>Hemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of overnutrition?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that occurs when a consistent inability to get or maintain an erection prevents a man from having satisfying sex?

    <p>Erectile dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

    <p>To detect hidden or occult blood in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily drink limit for men to avoid excessive calorie intake?

    <p>2 standard drinks per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the technique used to measure the apical pulse?

    <p>BATHE Technique with stethoscope placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus?

    <p>Anal fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of external hemorrhoids?

    <p>Outside the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the epididymis?

    <p>Epididymitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that occurs when the urethral opening is located vertically on the penis?

    <p>Hypospadias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to have an erection?

    <p>Impotence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that is taken on three different bowel movements to test for gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>OCB x3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the black community?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

    <p>To look at the whole patient and review all the body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor for developing anal cancer mentioned in the text?

    <p>HPV-associated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ROS report?

    <p>A patient's subjective report of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the OLDCARTS framework?

    <p>To describe a patient's symptoms in detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global health problem mentioned in the text that affects 500 million people worldwide?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the assessment of a patient's ability to perform daily living activities?

    <p>Functional assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is more common in African Americans?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a focused assessment?

    <p>To focus on an acute problem or symptom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why older adults may not report elder abuse?

    <p>They fear retaliation from the abuser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Withdrawal and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

    <p>Relatives, spouses, and caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

    <p>To ensure the child feels more comfortable and open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

    <p>Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may children confide in a teacher or trusted relative about sexual abuse?

    <p>They feel comfortable and trust the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of abuse is characterized by a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

    <p>Physical abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner?

    <p>Intimate Partner Violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye downward and laterally?

    <p>Trochlear (4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the absence of urination?

    <p>Anuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver leaving an elder adult who needs help alone without planning for his or her care?

    <p>Abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the black community?

    <p>Prostate cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

    <p>Sexual abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the remaining urine in the bladder after voiding?

    <p>Residual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Melena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

    <p>Trigeminal (5)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

    <p>To assess for appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure that provides direct visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

    <p>Bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal urinary output per hour?

    <p>30 mL/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormally rapid breathing, more than 20 breaths per minute?

    <p>Tachypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a yellowing of the skin due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the McBurney point sign?

    <p>To assess for appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

    <p>To diagnose respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for vomiting of blood, possibly related to gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of bowel sounds per minute?

    <p>5-34 clicks or gurgles per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bladder scan?

    <p>To measure residual urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the absence of breathing?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the anaerobic, toxin-producing, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes nosocomial diarrhea?

    <p>C. difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing intake and output in a patient?

    <p>To monitor fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Romberg test?

    <p>To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a blue, gray, slate, or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes?

    <p>Peripheral cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammatory disease of the epididymis?

    <p>Epididymitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

    <p>Hematochezia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a circular red doughnut of tissue that appears thru the anal opening?

    <p>Rectal Prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death globally?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

    <p>To review all body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the report of all the body systems by the patient?

    <p>ROS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people who will be affected by obesity by 2030?

    <p>1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of OLDCARTS?

    <p>To identify normal versus abnormal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cancer that is one of the most common types of cancer in men and women?

    <p>Colorectal Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability of the anus to function properly?

    <p>Rectal Prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high rate of colorectal cancer in African Americans?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Romberg test?

    <p>To evaluate balance and proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hemorrhoids?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of prostate cancer?

    <p>Changes in the color or texture of the skin on the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

    <p>To detect gastrointestinal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

    <p>Undescended testicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the epididymis?

    <p>Epididymitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of pinworms?

    <p>Itching and irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus?

    <p>Anal fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

    <p>Tall men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

    <p>3,500 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

    <p>To rate the patient's pain level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended pain assessment scale for people aged 3 years and older?

    <p>Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many drinks per day are considered excessive for men?

    <p>2 standard drinks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

    <p>Overnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the diaphragm of the stethoscope placed to take the apical pulse?

    <p>Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sexual Abuse in Children

    • Physical symptoms: pregnancy, genital lacerations, rectal tears, pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area, stomach aches, blood in stool, and discharge
    • Behavioral symptoms: withdrawal, anxiety, fearlessness, sleep disturbance or nightmares, somatic complaints, eroticization, self-destructive behaviors, and acting out behaviors
    • Children are more likely to confide in a teacher or trusted relative/friend

    Elder Abuse

    • Most abuse is committed by relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers
    • Physical abuse: bodily harm, hitting, pushing, or slapping
    • Sexual abuse: forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities
    • Abandonment: leaving an elder adult without care
    • Emotional/Psychological abuse: hurtful words, yelling, threatening, or ignoring
    • Financial abuse: stealing money or belongings
    • Neglect: failure to provide for physical, emotional, or social needs

    Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

    • Pattern of abusive behavior to gain or maintain power and control
    • Types of IPV: physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological
    • Screening tool: DVST (Domestic Violence Screening Tool)
    • Questions to ask: Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or forced to have sex? Do you feel safe in your relationship?

    Cranial Nerves

    • Olfactory (1): sensory, smell
    • Optic (2): sensory, sight
    • Oculomotor (3): motor, opening eyelid, moving eye, and constricting pupils
    • Trochlear (4): motor, moving eye downward
    • Trigeminal (5): motor, chewing and jaw opening and closing, sensory, conveying sensory data
    • Abducens (6): motor, moving eye laterally
    • Facial (7): motor, closing eyes, mouth, and lips, sensory, tasting
    • Acoustic (8): sensory, hearing and equilibrium
    • Glossopharyngeal (9): motor, swallowing, sensory, tasting
    • Vagus (10): motor, palate, pharynx, and larynx, sensory, sensations in larynx and pharynx
    • Spinal Accessory (11): motor, contracting muscles of neck and shoulders
    • Hypoglossal (12): motor, tongue movement

    Urine and Bowel Elimination

    • Anuria: no urination
    • Dysuria: painful urination
    • Incontinence: difficulty with control
    • Nocturia: urinating at night
    • Oliguria: little or scant urination
    • Polyuria: increased urination
    • Retention: holding on to urine
    • Residual: urine remaining in the bladder after voiding
    • Urgency: urgent need to void
    • Hesitancy: difficulty initiating urination
    • Dribbling: leakage of urine

    Anal and Rectal Assessments

    • Anal fissure: anal ulcerations due to repetitive microtrauma
    • Anal fistula: abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and outer skin
    • Hematochezia: rectal bleeding
    • Hemorrhoids: swollen, dilated veins
    • Melena: black, tarry feces
    • Polyps: abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the colon

    Nutrition

    • Overnutrition: excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats
    • Causes: physical inactivity, dietary patterns, genetic factors, sedentary lifestyle, medications, and certain diseases
    • One pound of fat = 3,500 calories

    Ascites

    • Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
    • Caused by portal hypertension, liver disease, or tumors
    • Characterized by a protein called albumin

    Appendicitis

    • Assessment techniques: Iliopsoas Muscle Test, McBurney's point/sign
    • Pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen

    Pain Assessment

    • Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): 0-10 point scale
    • Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale: facial expressions to describe pain
    • Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale: descriptive words to describe pain
    • Iowa Pain Thermometer: modified verbal descriptor scale

    Bladder Assessment

    • Palpating a distended bladder between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus
    • Urinary output should be at least 30 mL/hr (800-2,000 mL/24 hr)

    Other Assessments

    • Palpating the kidneys: indirect blunt or fist percussion over the 12th rib
    • Measuring residual urine: bladder scanner or catheterization
    • Bowel sounds: listening for 3-5 minutes in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)### Anal Fistula and Rectal Cancer
    • An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and outer skin of the anus
    • Symptoms: irritation, discomfort, and increased risk of developing anal cancer
    • Rectal mucosa prolapses through the anal opening, appearing as a circular red doughnut of tissue
    • More common in women, suspect cystic fibrosis when seen in children

    Cultural Considerations

    • African Americans have the highest rates of colorectal cancer
    • Individuals in this group face a 20% higher risk of developing colon cancer and a 45% higher mortality rate than any other race
    • More white women get HPV-associated anal cancer than women of other races
    • More black men get HPV-associated anal cancer than men of other races

    Assessment of Anus and Rectum

    • Positions: left lateral decubitus, knee to chest, standing, and lithotomy
    • Assessment techniques: comprehensive, follow-up, and focused

    Health History

    • A summary of an individual's past and current medical conditions, treatments, surgeries, medications, allergies, and family medical history
    • ROS (Review of Systems): a subjective report of all body systems by the patient
    • OLDCARTS: a framework for assessing symptoms (Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, and Severity)

    Infection Control

    • Assess patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)
    • Examples of ADLs: bathing, dressing, eating, walking, meal preparation, and driving

    Overnutrition

    • Defined as consuming more calories than burned through daily living
    • Global epidemic affecting 500 million people worldwide
    • Preventable with lifestyle changes

    Respiratory

    • Pulse Ox: measures functional oxygen saturation level (SpO2)
    • Arterial blood gases: measures levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood
    • Bronchoscopy: procedure that provides direct visual of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree
    • Dyspnea: shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or feeling of chest tightness
    • Orthopnea: difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position

    Abdomen

    • Inspection: observe for symmetry, shape, and movement
    • Auscultation: listen for bowel sounds
    • Percussion: assess for tenderness, liver size, and bowel obstruction
    • Palpation: assess for tenderness, masses, and organ size

    Intake and Output

    • Assess total intake and output every shift
    • Sources of intake: oral, IV fluids, IVPBs, enteral feedings, irrigations, and blood
    • Sources of output: urine, diarrhea, suctioning, irrigation removal, vomit, and drainage tubes

    Sexual Abuse

    • Physical symptoms: genital lacerations, rectal tears, pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area
    • Behavioral symptoms: withdrawal, anxiety, fearlessness, sleep disturbances, and acting out behaviors

    Elder Abuse

    • Types: physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and neglect
    • Signs: bodily harm, forced sexual activity, hurtful words, and withholding of food, meds, or health care

    Intimate Partner Violence

    • Defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship
    • Types: physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological
    • Questions to ask: Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or forced to have sex? Do you feel safe in your current relationship?

    Cranial Nerves

    • Olfactory (1): sensory, smell
    • Optic (2): sensory, sight
    • Oculomotor (3): motor, opening eyelid, moving eye
    • Trochlear (4): motor, moving eye down laterally
    • Trigeminal (5): motor, chewing and jaw opening and clenching; sensory, conveying sensory data from eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, and scalp

    Urine Characteristics

    • Anuria: no urination
    • Dysuria: painful urination
    • Incontinence: difficulty with control
    • Nocturia: urinating at night
    • Oliguria: little or scant urination
    • Polyuria: increased urination
    • Retention: holding on to urine
    • Residual: urine remaining in the bladder after voiding
    • Urgency: urgent/Immediate need to void
    • Hesitancy: difficulty initiating urination
    • Dribbling: leakage of urine### Neurological Assessment
    • Ask the patient to close their eyes and stand for 30 seconds to observe for swaying and balance.

    Hemorrhoids

    • Hemorrhoids are swollen, dilated veins that protrude from the lower rectum or anus
    • Symptoms: bleeding, irritation, itching; may be caused by increased rectal pressure due to constipation
    • Two locations of hemorrhoids: internal (inside the rectum) and external (outside the anus)

    Pinworms

    • Symptoms: irritation to the anal region, redness, raised skin, frequent itching
    • Common in infants and children

    Dehydration

    • Signs: decreased skin turgor, decreased urine output, dark, concentrated urine, dry mouth and mucous membranes, dry eyes with no tear production, fatigue and weakness, headache
    • Thirst (polydipsia) is a symptom of dehydration

    Male Genitalia Conditions

    • Scrotal anatomy and conditions: hydrocele (fluid accumulation around the testicle), varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle)
    • Erectile dysfunction (ED): inability to get or maintain an erection, linked to diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension

    Testicular Cancer

    • Risk factors: family history, undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), cancer in the other testicle, infection with HIV and AIDS, body size (tall men)
    • Symptoms: change in the color or texture of the skin on the penis

    Prostate Conditions

    • Prostate cancer: one of the most common cancers among men
    • Symptoms: difficulty or frequency urinating, hematuria, impotence
    • Prostate conditions: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), prostate cancer
    • Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): a test for hidden blood in the stool, recommended annually for adults

    Anal Fissure and Fistula

    • Anal fissure: anal ulcerations due to repetitive microtrauma, usually due to passage of hard stools
    • Anal fistula: an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus

    Rectal Prolapse

    • Rectal mucosa prolapses through the anal opening, appearing as a circular red doughnut of tissue
    • More common in women

    Cultural Considerations for Assessing Anus and Rectum

    • Colon cancer: a leading cause of death globally, with African Americans having the highest rates
    • HPV-associated anal cancer: more common in men and women of certain races

    Health History and ROS

    • Health history: a summary of an individual's past and current medical conditions, treatments, surgeries, medications, allergies, and family medical history
    • ROS: a subjective report of all body systems by the patient
    • OLDCARTS: a mnemonic for remembering the components of a symptom: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, and Severity

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    Description

    This quiz covers the physical and behavioral symptoms of sexual abuse in children, including genital injuries, anxiety, and depression. It also explores the importance of recognizing these signs in order to provide appropriate support and intervention.

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