Recognizing Sexual Abuse in Children

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Questions and Answers

What is a common reason older adults may not report elder abuse?

They fear retaliation from the abuser (correct)

They are physically unable to report the abuse

They are embarrassed about the situation

They lack trust in the authorities

Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

Friends and neighbors

Healthcare professionals

Strangers and acquaintances

Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers (correct)

Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

To ensure the parent or guardian is not involved in the abuse

To make the questioning process faster

To prevent the child from feeling intimidated (correct)

To make the child feel more comfortable

What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area Signup and view all the answers

Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

Because they are more likely to believe them Signup and view all the answers

What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Acting out behaviors and self-harm Signup and view all the answers

What type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

Sexual Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner?

Intimate Partner Violence Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye down laterally?

Trochlear (4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

Incontinence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver not responding to the elder's physical, emotional, or social needs?

Neglect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the lining of the colon?

Polyps Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

Trigeminal (5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract?

Melena Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

Residual Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from the elder?

Financial Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 1 pound of body fat in calories?

3,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common causes of overnutrition?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

To assess pain in patients who are 3 years or older Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment?

0-10 Signup and view all the answers

How is the apical pulse taken?

On the chest at the left fifth intercostal space Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily drinking limit for men?

2 standard drinks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lightly palpating the abdomen between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

To assess for a distended bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urinary output per hour?

30ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OCB x3 test?

To assess for occult blood in stools Signup and view all the answers

What is the sound produced when the bowel is filled with air?

Tympanic sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To break down food and absorb nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Romberg's test?

To assess for position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for yellowing of the skin due to increased dietary intake of carotene?

Carotenemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of C. difficile illness?

Three or more watery, nonbloody stools per 24-hr period Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of McBurney's point test?

To assess for appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

To assess arterial blood gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of asking the patient to close their eyes and stand in this position for 30 seconds?

To observe for swaying and balance Signup and view all the answers

How is residual urine measured?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for breathing that is abnormally slow, with less than 12 breaths per minute?

Bradypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is ascites?

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of internal hemorrhoids?

Inside the rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the procedure that provides direct visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Where would you assess the kidneys using indirect blunt percussion?

At the costovertebral angle on the back Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position, which is relieved when standing or sitting?

Orthopnea Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pinworms?

Itching and redness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring intake and output?

To monitor fluid balance and detect dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

To detect hidden blood in the stool Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of breathing?

Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpating the tender areas last during abdominal assessment?

To avoid causing discomfort to the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of prostate cancer?

Difficulty or frequency urinating Signup and view all the answers

What is an anal fissure?

A ulceration due to repetitive microtrauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the scrotum?

A sac of skin and muscle that holds the testicles Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition that may cause pain, swelling, or changes in the appearance of the scrotum?

Hydrocele Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting findings after a Romberg test?

To document the patient's balance and proprioception Signup and view all the answers

What is the second leading cause of death globally?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer has a higher incidence in African Americans?

Colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

To review all body systems Signup and view all the answers

What does the ROS assess?

A subjective report of all body systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of OLDCARTS?

To fully describe a symptom Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for developing anal cancer?

HPV infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a common global health problem?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted number of people affected by obesity by 2030?

1 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of consuming more calories than are burned?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a follow-up assessment?

To concentrate on new data since the last history Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason older adults may not report elder abuse?

Fear of retaliation from the abuser Signup and view all the answers

What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Withdrawal and anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

To prevent the parent or guardian from influencing the child's response Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Stomach aches and blood in stool Signup and view all the answers

Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers Signup and view all the answers

Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

Because they are more accessible and trusted Signup and view all the answers

What type of abuse involves a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

Physical Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye laterally?

Abducens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for painful urination?

Dysuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of asking an elderly person about their feelings of safety in their current relationship?

To assess for intimate partner violence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from an elder adult?

Financial Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the remaining urine in the bladder after voiding?

Residual Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship?

Intimate partner violence Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for swallowing and gag sensation?

Glossopharyngeal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

Hematochezia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

Incontinence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a bladder scan?

To measure residual urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

To assess for appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of bowel sounds per minute?

5-34 clicks or gurgles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Romberg test?

To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a protein that is often low in patients with liver disease?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpating the abdomen between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

To assess for a distended bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a sign of appendicitis characterized by deep tenderness at a specific point on the right side of the abdomen?

McBurney point Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of bacterium that is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea?

C. difficile Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

3,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily drinking limit for men in standard drinks?

2 drinks per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring urinary output?

To evaluate kidney function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

To assess pain in patients aged 3 years and older Signup and view all the answers

What is the location where the diaphragm of the stethoscope is placed to take the apical pulse?

Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of overnutrition?

Food marketing and promotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pain assessment scale that asks patients to select the adjective or phrase that best characterizes their level of pain?

Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale (VRS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellowing of the skin due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients and eliminate waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

To assess arterial blood gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for shallow or abnormally slow breathing, leading to reduced airflow to the lungs?

Hypopnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting intake and output?

To monitor a patient's hydration status Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for vomiting of blood, possibly related to gastrointestinal bleeding?

Hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpating the abdomen during an abdominal assessment?

To identify areas of tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty breathing, characterized by a feeling of chest tightness?

Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing the skin, hair, and nails during a physical examination?

To identify signs of systemic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of external hemorrhoids?

Outside the anus Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of hemorrhoids?

Increased rectal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of dehydration?

Dry mouth and mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Romberg's test?

To evaluate for balance and swaying Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible symptom of pinworms?

Irritation to the anal region Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition that may cause pain, swelling, or changes in the appearance of the scrotum?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

To detect gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

Undescended testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of erectile dysfunction?

Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of anal fissures?

Passage of hard stools Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a health history?

To summarize an individual's past and current medical conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the assessment of an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living?

Functional assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted global epidemic that will affect one billion people by 2030?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the subjective report of a patient's symptoms, designed to identify normal versus abnormal symptoms?

ROS Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a focused assessment?

To focus on an acute problem or symptom Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a follow-up assessment?

To concentrate on new data since the last history Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the lining of the colon?

Polyps Signup and view all the answers

What is the cultural consideration for assessing the anus and rectum?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the prevention of a disease or condition, such as obesity?

Health promotion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area Signup and view all the answers

Why do older adults often not report elder abuse?

They fear retaliation from the abuser Signup and view all the answers

Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

Relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why do children often confide in teachers or trusted relatives about sexual abuse?

Because they are more accessible Signup and view all the answers

When asking a child or adolescent about abuse, it is best when

The parent or legal guardian is not present Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or feeling of chest tightness?

Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellowing of the skin due to increased dietary intake of carotene?

Carotenemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing intake and output?

To monitor fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormally slow breathing, with less than 12 breaths per minute?

Bradypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of breathing?

Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for shallow or abnormally slow breathing, leading to reduced airflow to the lungs?

Hypopnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position and is relieved when standing or sitting?

Orthopnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the procedure that provides direct visual of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

Sexual abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

Residual Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

Trigeminal nerve (5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

Hematochezia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

Physical abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for painful urination?

Dysuria Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye down laterally?

Trochlear nerve (4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for difficulty with control of urination?

Incontinence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver stealing money or belongings from an elder adult?

Financial abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of urination?

Anuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

To assess for appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urinary output per hour?

30ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the sound produced when the bowel is filled with air?

Tympanic Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpating the bladder between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus?

To assess for a distended bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Romberg's test?

To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection of 3 stools at 3 different movements to assess occult blood?

OCB x3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bladder scan?

To drain the bladder with a thin flexible tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide?

C.difficile Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring residual urine?

To drain the bladder with a thin flexible tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

3,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Romberg's test?

To observe for swaying and balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing substance use, such as ETOH?

To assess the risk of substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pain assessment scale that asks patients to estimate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10?

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for swollen, dilated veins that protrude from the lower rectum or anus?

Hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of overnutrition?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs when a consistent inability to get or maintain an erection prevents a man from having satisfying sex?

Erectile dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

To detect hidden or occult blood in the stool Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily drink limit for men to avoid excessive calorie intake?

2 standard drinks per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique used to measure the apical pulse?

BATHE Technique with stethoscope placement Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus?

Anal fistula Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of external hemorrhoids?

Outside the anus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the epididymis?

Epididymitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs when the urethral opening is located vertically on the penis?

Hypospadias Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to have an erection?

Impotence Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test that is taken on three different bowel movements to test for gastrointestinal bleeding?

OCB x3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the black community?

Colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

To look at the whole patient and review all the body systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk factor for developing anal cancer mentioned in the text?

HPV-associated Signup and view all the answers

What does the ROS report?

A patient's subjective report of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OLDCARTS framework?

To describe a patient's symptoms in detail Signup and view all the answers

What is the global health problem mentioned in the text that affects 500 million people worldwide?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the assessment of a patient's ability to perform daily living activities?

Functional assessment Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is more common in African Americans?

Colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a focused assessment?

To focus on an acute problem or symptom Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason why older adults may not report elder abuse?

They fear retaliation from the abuser. Signup and view all the answers

What is a behavioral symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Withdrawal and anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the most common perpetrators of elder abuse?

Relatives, spouses, and caregivers. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it preferred to question a child or adolescent about abuse without the parent or legal guardian present?

To ensure the child feels more comfortable and open. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical symptom of sexual abuse in children?

Pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area. Signup and view all the answers

Why may children confide in a teacher or trusted relative about sexual abuse?

They feel comfortable and trust the individual. Signup and view all the answers

What type of abuse is characterized by a caregiver hitting, pushing, or slapping an elder adult?

Physical abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner?

Intimate Partner Violence Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the eye downward and laterally?

Trochlear (4) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of urination?

Anuria Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver leaving an elder adult who needs help alone without planning for his or her care?

Abandonment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the black community?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abuse involves a caregiver forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities?

Sexual abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the remaining urine in the bladder after voiding?

Residual Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract?

Melena Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for conveying sensory data from the eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin?

Trigeminal (5) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Iliosoas Muscle Test?

To assess for appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure that provides direct visual examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal urinary output per hour?

30 mL/hr Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormally rapid breathing, more than 20 breaths per minute?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a yellowing of the skin due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the McBurney point sign?

To assess for appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood?

To diagnose respiratory diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for vomiting of blood, possibly related to gastrointestinal bleeding?

Hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of bowel sounds per minute?

5-34 clicks or gurgles per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bladder scan?

To measure residual urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

To absorb nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the absence of breathing?

Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the anaerobic, toxin-producing, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes nosocomial diarrhea?

C. difficile Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing intake and output in a patient?

To monitor fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Romberg test?

To assess position sense, cerebellar function, balance, and coordination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a blue, gray, slate, or dark purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes?

Peripheral cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, followed by periods of apnea?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammatory disease of the epididymis?

Epididymitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bleeding from the rectum?

Hematochezia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a circular red doughnut of tissue that appears thru the anal opening?

Rectal Prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death globally?

Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a comprehensive assessment?

To review all body systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the report of all the body systems by the patient?

ROS Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people who will be affected by obesity by 2030?

1 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of OLDCARTS?

To identify normal versus abnormal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cancer that is one of the most common types of cancer in men and women?

Colorectal Cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the anus to function properly?

Rectal Prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high rate of colorectal cancer in African Americans?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Romberg test?

To evaluate balance and proprioception Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of hemorrhoids?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of prostate cancer?

Changes in the color or texture of the skin on the penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

To detect gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for testicular cancer?

Undescended testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of erectile dysfunction?

Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the epididymis?

Epididymitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of pinworms?

Itching and irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus?

Anal fistula Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

Tall men Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated caloric equivalent of 1 pound of body fat?

3,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale?

To rate the patient's pain level Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended pain assessment scale for people aged 3 years and older?

Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale Signup and view all the answers

How many drinks per day are considered excessive for men?

2 standard drinks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of gaining weight due to consuming more calories than are burned?

Overnutrition Signup and view all the answers

Where is the diaphragm of the stethoscope placed to take the apical pulse?

Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sexual Abuse in Children

Physical symptoms: pregnancy, genital lacerations, rectal tears, pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area, stomach aches, blood in stool, and discharge
Behavioral symptoms: withdrawal, anxiety, fearlessness, sleep disturbance or nightmares, somatic complaints, eroticization, self-destructive behaviors, and acting out behaviors
Children are more likely to confide in a teacher or trusted relative/friend

Elder Abuse

Most abuse is committed by relatives, spouses, significant others, and caregivers
Physical abuse: bodily harm, hitting, pushing, or slapping
Sexual abuse: forcing an elder adult to watch or be part of sexual activities
Abandonment: leaving an elder adult without care
Emotional/Psychological abuse: hurtful words, yelling, threatening, or ignoring
Financial abuse: stealing money or belongings
Neglect: failure to provide for physical, emotional, or social needs

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Pattern of abusive behavior to gain or maintain power and control
Types of IPV: physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological
Screening tool: DVST (Domestic Violence Screening Tool)
Questions to ask: Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or forced to have sex? Do you feel safe in your relationship?

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (1): sensory, smell
Optic (2): sensory, sight
Oculomotor (3): motor, opening eyelid, moving eye, and constricting pupils
Trochlear (4): motor, moving eye downward
Trigeminal (5): motor, chewing and jaw opening and closing, sensory, conveying sensory data
Abducens (6): motor, moving eye laterally
Facial (7): motor, closing eyes, mouth, and lips, sensory, tasting
Acoustic (8): sensory, hearing and equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal (9): motor, swallowing, sensory, tasting
Vagus (10): motor, palate, pharynx, and larynx, sensory, sensations in larynx and pharynx
Spinal Accessory (11): motor, contracting muscles of neck and shoulders
Hypoglossal (12): motor, tongue movement

Urine and Bowel Elimination

Anuria: no urination
Dysuria: painful urination
Incontinence: difficulty with control
Nocturia: urinating at night
Oliguria: little or scant urination
Polyuria: increased urination
Retention: holding on to urine
Residual: urine remaining in the bladder after voiding
Urgency: urgent need to void
Hesitancy: difficulty initiating urination
Dribbling: leakage of urine

Anal and Rectal Assessments

Anal fissure: anal ulcerations due to repetitive microtrauma
Anal fistula: abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and outer skin
Hematochezia: rectal bleeding
Hemorrhoids: swollen, dilated veins
Melena: black, tarry feces
Polyps: abnormal outgrowths of tissue in the colon

Nutrition

Overnutrition: excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats
Causes: physical inactivity, dietary patterns, genetic factors, sedentary lifestyle, medications, and certain diseases
One pound of fat = 3,500 calories

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Caused by portal hypertension, liver disease, or tumors
Characterized by a protein called albumin

Appendicitis

Assessment techniques: Iliopsoas Muscle Test, McBurney's point/sign
Pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen

Pain Assessment

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): 0-10 point scale
Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale: facial expressions to describe pain
Verbal Descriptor Pain Scale: descriptive words to describe pain
Iowa Pain Thermometer: modified verbal descriptor scale

Bladder Assessment

Palpating a distended bladder between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus
Urinary output should be at least 30 mL/hr (800-2,000 mL/24 hr)

Other Assessments

Palpating the kidneys: indirect blunt or fist percussion over the 12th rib
Measuring residual urine: bladder scanner or catheterization
Bowel sounds: listening for 3-5 minutes in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)### Anal Fistula and Rectal Cancer
An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and outer skin of the anus
Symptoms: irritation, discomfort, and increased risk of developing anal cancer
Rectal mucosa prolapses through the anal opening, appearing as a circular red doughnut of tissue
More common in women, suspect cystic fibrosis when seen in children

Cultural Considerations

African Americans have the highest rates of colorectal cancer
Individuals in this group face a 20% higher risk of developing colon cancer and a 45% higher mortality rate than any other race
More white women get HPV-associated anal cancer than women of other races
More black men get HPV-associated anal cancer than men of other races

Assessment of Anus and Rectum

Positions: left lateral decubitus, knee to chest, standing, and lithotomy
Assessment techniques: comprehensive, follow-up, and focused

Health History

A summary of an individual's past and current medical conditions, treatments, surgeries, medications, allergies, and family medical history
ROS (Review of Systems): a subjective report of all body systems by the patient
OLDCARTS: a framework for assessing symptoms (Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, and Severity)

Infection Control

Assess patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)
Examples of ADLs: bathing, dressing, eating, walking, meal preparation, and driving

Overnutrition

Defined as consuming more calories than burned through daily living
Global epidemic affecting 500 million people worldwide
Preventable with lifestyle changes

Respiratory

Pulse Ox: measures functional oxygen saturation level (SpO2)
Arterial blood gases: measures levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood
Bronchoscopy: procedure that provides direct visual of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree
Dyspnea: shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or feeling of chest tightness
Orthopnea: difficulty breathing while lying down in the supine position

Abdomen

Inspection: observe for symmetry, shape, and movement
Auscultation: listen for bowel sounds
Percussion: assess for tenderness, liver size, and bowel obstruction
Palpation: assess for tenderness, masses, and organ size

Intake and Output

Assess total intake and output every shift
Sources of intake: oral, IV fluids, IVPBs, enteral feedings, irrigations, and blood
Sources of output: urine, diarrhea, suctioning, irrigation removal, vomit, and drainage tubes

Sexual Abuse

Physical symptoms: genital lacerations, rectal tears, pain or discoloration in the mouth, anus, or genital area
Behavioral symptoms: withdrawal, anxiety, fearlessness, sleep disturbances, and acting out behaviors

Elder Abuse

Types: physical, sexual, emotional, financial, and neglect
Signs: bodily harm, forced sexual activity, hurtful words, and withholding of food, meds, or health care

Intimate Partner Violence

Defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship
Types: physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological
Questions to ask: Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or forced to have sex? Do you feel safe in your current relationship?

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (1): sensory, smell
Optic (2): sensory, sight
Oculomotor (3): motor, opening eyelid, moving eye
Trochlear (4): motor, moving eye down laterally
Trigeminal (5): motor, chewing and jaw opening and clenching; sensory, conveying sensory data from eyes, nose, mouth, jaw, forehead, and scalp

Urine Characteristics

Anuria: no urination
Dysuria: painful urination
Incontinence: difficulty with control
Nocturia: urinating at night
Oliguria: little or scant urination
Polyuria: increased urination
Retention: holding on to urine
Residual: urine remaining in the bladder after voiding
Urgency: urgent/Immediate need to void
Hesitancy: difficulty initiating urination
Dribbling: leakage of urine### Neurological Assessment
Ask the patient to close their eyes and stand for 30 seconds to observe for swaying and balance.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen, dilated veins that protrude from the lower rectum or anus
Symptoms: bleeding, irritation, itching; may be caused by increased rectal pressure due to constipation
Two locations of hemorrhoids: internal (inside the rectum) and external (outside the anus)

Pinworms

Symptoms: irritation to the anal region, redness, raised skin, frequent itching
Common in infants and children

Dehydration

Signs: decreased skin turgor, decreased urine output, dark, concentrated urine, dry mouth and mucous membranes, dry eyes with no tear production, fatigue and weakness, headache
Thirst (polydipsia) is a symptom of dehydration

Male Genitalia Conditions

Scrotal anatomy and conditions: hydrocele (fluid accumulation around the testicle), varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle)
Erectile dysfunction (ED): inability to get or maintain an erection, linked to diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension

Testicular Cancer

Risk factors: family history, undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), cancer in the other testicle, infection with HIV and AIDS, body size (tall men)
Symptoms: change in the color or texture of the skin on the penis

Prostate Conditions

Prostate cancer: one of the most common cancers among men
Symptoms: difficulty or frequency urinating, hematuria, impotence
Prostate conditions: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), prostate cancer
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): a test for hidden blood in the stool, recommended annually for adults

Anal Fissure and Fistula

Anal fissure: anal ulcerations due to repetitive microtrauma, usually due to passage of hard stools
Anal fistula: an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus

Rectal Prolapse

Rectal mucosa prolapses through the anal opening, appearing as a circular red doughnut of tissue
More common in women

Cultural Considerations for Assessing Anus and Rectum

Colon cancer: a leading cause of death globally, with African Americans having the highest rates
HPV-associated anal cancer: more common in men and women of certain races

Health History and ROS

Health history: a summary of an individual's past and current medical conditions, treatments, surgeries, medications, allergies, and family medical history
ROS: a subjective report of all body systems by the patient
OLDCARTS: a mnemonic for remembering the components of a symptom: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, and Severity

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Description

This quiz covers the physical and behavioral symptoms of sexual abuse in children, including genital injuries, anxiety, and depression. It also explores the importance of recognizing these signs in order to provide appropriate support and intervention.