Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of chemical interaction is LEAST likely to be involved in the binding of a substrate to a receptor?
Which type of chemical interaction is LEAST likely to be involved in the binding of a substrate to a receptor?
- Hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonding
- Ionic bonding
- Nuclear Fission (correct)
Receptors primarily function to synthesize new substrates within the cell.
Receptors primarily function to synthesize new substrates within the cell.
False (B)
Name two types of substrates that commonly bind to receptors on target cells to initiate a response.
Name two types of substrates that commonly bind to receptors on target cells to initiate a response.
Neurotransmitters and hormones
Receptors are important drug targets and are primarily composed of ________.
Receptors are important drug targets and are primarily composed of ________.
Which type of receptor directly forms a hydrophilic tunnel through the cell membrane?
Which type of receptor directly forms a hydrophilic tunnel through the cell membrane?
The primary role of receptors in cell communication is to:
The primary role of receptors in cell communication is to:
Which statement regarding the function of receptors is most accurate?
Which statement regarding the function of receptors is most accurate?
G-protein coupled receptors consist of a single protein with five transmembrane sections.
G-protein coupled receptors consist of a single protein with five transmembrane sections.
All receptors bind to the same type of substrate, ensuring uniform cellular responses throughout the body.
All receptors bind to the same type of substrate, ensuring uniform cellular responses throughout the body.
What type of protein are ion channels made of?
What type of protein are ion channels made of?
G-Protein Coupled Receptors activate G-proteins through a conformational change induced by a ______ binding to the receptor.
G-Protein Coupled Receptors activate G-proteins through a conformational change induced by a ______ binding to the receptor.
Match the types of bonds/interactions with their description:
Match the types of bonds/interactions with their description:
Match the receptor type with its primary mechanism of action:
Match the receptor type with its primary mechanism of action:
Which of the following ions is NOT typically associated with ion channel receptors?
Which of the following ions is NOT typically associated with ion channel receptors?
Kinase receptors require G-proteins to activate enzymes.
Kinase receptors require G-proteins to activate enzymes.
What is the typical cellular response time (in general terms) for ion channel receptors, compared to other receptors?
What is the typical cellular response time (in general terms) for ion channel receptors, compared to other receptors?
Flashcards
Receptors
Receptors
Proteins that serve as drug targets in the body.
Receptor Function
Receptor Function
Carry messages between cells. They receive signals from other cells.
Receptor Substrates
Receptor Substrates
Molecules that bind to receptors to trigger a response.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
A type of substrate that binds to receptors on target cells to transmit signals.
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Hormones
Hormones
A type of substrate that binds to receptors on target cells throughout the body to transmit signals.
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Receptor Binding Interactions
Receptor Binding Interactions
Types of interactions that occur between receptors and substrates.
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Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
A type of receptor interaction involving the sharing of electrons.
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Hydrophobic Interactions
Hydrophobic Interactions
A type of receptor interaction involving attraction of nonpolar molecules.
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Ion Channel Receptors
Ion Channel Receptors
Receptors that form hydrophilic tunnels across the cell membrane, allowing specific ions (Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, K+) to pass through.
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Ion Channel
Ion Channel
Proteins that traverse the cell membrane and provide a hydrophilic tunnel specifically for ions.
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G-Protein Coupled Receptors
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Very important drug targets, these receptors activate G-proteins upon ligand binding.
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G-Proteins
G-Proteins
Membrane proteins that bind receptor to a messenger, which leads to an induced fit.
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7 Transmembrane Receptor
7 Transmembrane Receptor
A type of receptor characterized by having 7 transmembrane sections.
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Kinase Receptors
Kinase Receptors
Receptors that do not require C-protein and activate enzymes; often activated by hormones.
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Bifunctional Receptor/Enzyme
Bifunctional Receptor/Enzyme
Enzymes with dual function - both a receptor and and enzyme.
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- Receptors are proteins, which make up the most important drug targets in medicine
- Receptors carry messages across the "gap"
- Communication occurs primarily from the central nervous system
- Receptors receive messages coming from other cells
- Neurotransmitters are a type of substrate that binds receptors on a target cell
- Hormones are another kind of receptor that binds to receptors on target cells throughout the body
- Hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and covalent bonds can occur
Receptor Superfamilies
- Able to categorize receptors by: ion channel receptors, G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Kinase Receptors, and Intracellular Receptors
Ion Channel Receptors
- Respond in milliseconds
- They are made up of proteins that transverse the cell membrane and provide a hydrophilic tunnel
- They are specific for specific ions (Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, K+)
- Protein subunits are glycoproteins
G-Protein Coupled Receptors
- Some of the most important drug targets in medicinal chemistry
- Receptor binds a messenger leading to an induced fit
- They are membrane-bound proteins that activate G-proteins
- Single protein with seven transmembrane sections
Kinase Receptors
- Activate enzymes that do not require a G-protein
- Receptors are bifunctional receptor/enzyme, activated by hormones
Intracellular Receptors
- Reside inside a cell
- Single protein containing a C-terminus binding site
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