Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a key function of the facial muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a key function of the facial muscles?
Which of the following facial muscles is responsible for drawing the eyebrows inferiorly and medially, leading to a 'worried' or 'concerned' expression?
Which of the following facial muscles is responsible for drawing the eyebrows inferiorly and medially, leading to a 'worried' or 'concerned' expression?
What is the clinical relevance of the facial nerve (CN VII) in relation to facial expression?
What is the clinical relevance of the facial nerve (CN VII) in relation to facial expression?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelids?
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Which of the following is NOT a common embryological origin of the facial muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a common embryological origin of the facial muscles?
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Which facial muscle group is responsible for controlling the movements of the nose?
Which facial muscle group is responsible for controlling the movements of the nose?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for incyclotorsion of the eye?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for incyclotorsion of the eye?
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Which cranial nerve is associated with the abductor function of the eye?
Which cranial nerve is associated with the abductor function of the eye?
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What is the primary function of CN III in relation to the eye?
What is the primary function of CN III in relation to the eye?
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Which cranial nerve is related to supplying extraocular muscles of the eye?
Which cranial nerve is related to supplying extraocular muscles of the eye?
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Which cranial nerve is known for its special interest in providing visual input to the brain?
Which cranial nerve is known for its special interest in providing visual input to the brain?
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What is the role of the chorda tympani nerve branch in taste sensation?
What is the role of the chorda tympani nerve branch in taste sensation?
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Which nerve supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands to produce saliva?
Which nerve supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands to produce saliva?
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What muscle is innervated by branches of the facial nerve proper?
What muscle is innervated by branches of the facial nerve proper?
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What facial feature may sag and be drawn to the opposite side when smiling due to facial nerve dysfunction?
What facial feature may sag and be drawn to the opposite side when smiling due to facial nerve dysfunction?
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Which clinical feature indicates dysfunction of orbital muscles due to facial nerve issues?
Which clinical feature indicates dysfunction of orbital muscles due to facial nerve issues?
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What is a common examination technique for assessing facial nerve (Bell's) palsy?
What is a common examination technique for assessing facial nerve (Bell's) palsy?
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Which facial muscle is responsible for flaring the nostrils and wrinkles skin over the dorsum of the nose in expressions of anger or exertion?
Which facial muscle is responsible for flaring the nostrils and wrinkles skin over the dorsum of the nose in expressions of anger or exertion?
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In atypical parkinsonism, vertical wrinkling on the forehead is known as the 'Procerus sign,' which muscle is involved in this phenomenon?
In atypical parkinsonism, vertical wrinkling on the forehead is known as the 'Procerus sign,' which muscle is involved in this phenomenon?
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Which facial muscle works with risorius to depress the corners of the mouth, associated with expressions of sadness or frown?
Which facial muscle works with risorius to depress the corners of the mouth, associated with expressions of sadness or frown?
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Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to facial muscles?
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to facial muscles?
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Which segment of CN VII is responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?
Which segment of CN VII is responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland?
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Which part of CN VII is defined by its long course and is split into parts, with one branch being the Chorda Tympani branch?
Which part of CN VII is defined by its long course and is split into parts, with one branch being the Chorda Tympani branch?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
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Which branch of CN VII is responsible for visceromotor function to the lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate?
Which branch of CN VII is responsible for visceromotor function to the lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate?
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Which segment of the facial nerve is responsible for motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
Which segment of the facial nerve is responsible for motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
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Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
Which nerve provides special sensation (taste) to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
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What is the main consequence of damage to the greater petrosal nerve branch of CN VII?
What is the main consequence of damage to the greater petrosal nerve branch of CN VII?
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Through which foramen does the extracranial segment of CN VII leave the facial canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone?
Through which foramen does the extracranial segment of CN VII leave the facial canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone?
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Study Notes
Facial Muscles
- Located in subcutaneous tissue, originating from bone or fascia and inserting onto skin
- When contracting, they pull on skin and exert their effects
- Only muscle group to insert onto skin
- Arranged into groups acting on:
- Orbital (eyelids)
- Nasal (nose)
- Oral (mouth and lips)
Key Facial Muscles
- Occipital and frontal bellies: common tendon raises eyebrows, furrows skin (Botox target), works together with orbital muscles
- Corrugator supercillii: draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially (worry/concern), "elevenses wrinkles" (Botox target)
- Orbicularis oculi: closes eyelids
- Procerus: depresses medial end of eyebrow
- Nasalis: flares nostrils (anger/exertion), wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose (disdain/dislike)
- Buccinator: attaches laterally to alveolar process of maxillae and alveolar part of mandible
- Levator anguli oris: dilator of the mouth, active in smiling, keeps cheeks taut, widens oral fissure (grinning or grimacing)
- Depressor anguli oris: dilator of the mouth, works with risorius to depress corners of mouth (sadness/frown)
- Risorius: dilator of the mouth, draws the angle of the mouth backwards
Cranial Nerve (CN) VII (Facial Nerve)
- Course:
- Arises from pons
- Courses through cranium via internal acoustic meatus
- Exits skull at stylomastoid foramen
- Pierces through parotid gland (does not innervate it)
- Gives rise to 5 branches supplying the face
- Supplies:
- Muscles of facial expression
- Stapedius muscle
- Lacrimal gland
- Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
- Clinical relevance:
- With facial nerve dysfunction, patients may present with:
- Paralysis of oral muscles: difficulty eating, food collecting between teeth and cheeks, sagging tissue around mouth, cheek sagging, and drawn to opposite side when smiling
- Paralysis of orbital muscles: inability to close eyelid, cornea dryness, drooping lower eyelid, lacrimal fluid pooling, and failure to remove debris, leading to corneal ulceration
- With facial nerve dysfunction, patients may present with:
Branches of CN VII
- Greater petrosal nerve:
- Visceromotor to lacrimal gland and mucous glands/membranes of nasal cavity and palate
- Loss of tears, dry nasal cavity
- Chorda tympani nerve:
- Visceromotor to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
- Special sensation (taste) to anterior 2/3 tongue
- Reduction of salivation, loss of taste
- Facial nerve proper:
- Motor to muscles of facial expression
- Facial palsy
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Description
Test your knowledge on the bony orbit, eye movement, and visual pathways discussed in Lecture 9 of ANAT20010 Clinical Human Anatomy 3 by Dr. Laura Gorman. Topics include the contents of the orbit, bony framework, orbital foramina, extraocular and intraocular muscles of the eye, and their respective nerve supplies.
