Recall vs Recognition Research Investigation

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'title' refer to in memory research?

The components of Atkinson-Shiffrin's model.

A method of retrieving information from memory.

Investigating the sensitivity of different measures of retention of long-term memory. (correct)

The storage, encoding, and retrieval of information.

Define memory.

Memory is the storage, encoding, and retrieval of information acquired through learning.

What does Atkinson-Shiffrin's multi-store model of memory consist of?

Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

What is long-term memory?

A relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amounts of information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a retrieval method?

A method of retrieving information from memory that includes cues such as recall and recognition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a retrieval cue?

Any stimulus that assists the process of locating and recovering information stored in memory. Signup and view all the answers

Define recall.

Recall involves reproducing information stored in memory with the fewest cues. Signup and view all the answers

What is free recall?

When a person is asked to reproduce as much information as possible in no particular order. Signup and view all the answers

What does recognition entail in memory retrieval?

The retrieval method of identifying correct information among alternatives. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensitivity of measures of retention?

Recognition provides more cues than recall, making it a more sensitive measure of retention. Signup and view all the answers

In McCauley's 2002 research, what did participants learn?

100 nonsense syllables. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the investigation?

To investigate the sensitivity of different measures of retrieval of long-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

State the hypothesis of the study.

Adults in Victoria who are asked to recognize 20 words from a list will retrieve more words than those asked to recall the same words. Signup and view all the answers

How is the independent variable operationalized?

Method of retrieval, either free recall or recognition. Signup and view all the answers

What does operationalized dependent variable measure?

The sensitivity of different measures of retrieval operationalized as the mean number of words correctly recalled or identified. Signup and view all the answers

Who made up the population for the study?

Adults in Victoria. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the participant selection for the study.

Convenience sampling was used with participants from Unit ¾ Psychology students. Signup and view all the answers

What materials were used in the study?

Informed consent forms, word lists, and recognition sheets. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the procedure followed in the study.

Includes 8 steps from participant recruitment to data collection. Signup and view all the answers

What ethical consideration was upheld in the study?

Informed consent. Signup and view all the answers

What were the results regarding the mean score of recognition and recall conditions?

The mean score for the recognition condition was higher than for the recall condition. Signup and view all the answers

Was the hypothesis supported or negated?

The hypothesis was supported, indicating a significant difference favoring recognition. Signup and view all the answers

How does the study link to Atkinson-Shiffrin's multi-store model?

It illustrates that retrieval cues used in recognition help transfer information from long-term to short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the link to past research.

These results are similar to McCauley's 2002 findings on memory retrieval. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of findings and real-life applications.

Recognition tests can better assess students' knowledge using retrieval cues. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential extraneous variable related to experimental design?

Individual participant differences, such as memory capability. Signup and view all the answers

How can familiarity with known words act as a potential extraneous variable?

Participants may remember known words better, affecting overall memorization. Signup and view all the answers

Define reliability in the context of this study.

Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of results across trials. Signup and view all the answers

What are internal and external validity in the context of this study?

Internal validity assesses if results are due to the independent variable; external validity concerns generalizability of results. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Recall vs Recognition in Long-Term Memory

Investigates sensitivity of memory retention measures, specifically recall and recognition.
Memory encompasses encoding, storage, and retrieval of learned information, represented neurologically.

Atkinson-Shiffrin's Multi-Store Model

Memory consists of three components: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Long-Term Memory

Holds vast information for prolonged periods, potentially unlimited.
Retrieval cues facilitate access to stored information.

Retrieval Methods and Cues

Retrieval methods include recall, recognition, and relearning.
Retrieval cues are stimuli that help locate specific stored information.

Recall vs Free Recall

Recall reproduces stored memory with minimal cues.
Free recall involves reproducing as much information as possible, without order.

Recognition

Involves identifying correct information among alternatives.
Generally offers more cues than recall, enhancing retention measures.

Sensitivity of Measures of Retention

Recognition is more sensitive due to increased retrieval cues provided compared to recall.

Previous Research (McCauley 2002)

Participants learned 100 nonsense syllables under recall or recognition conditions.
Free recall yielded an average of 52 syllables remembered, while recognition yielded 87, demonstrating recognition's superiority in retention.

Aim and Hypothesis

Aimed to investigate how different retrieval methods affect long-term memory retention.
Hypothesis states that recognition will yield a higher mean word retrieval than recall.

Operationalized Variables

Independent Variable: Method of retrieval (free recall vs recognition).
Dependent Variable: Mean number of correct words recalled or recognized.

Participant Sampling and Characteristics

Convenience sampling used, accessing adults in Victoria associated with psychology students.

Materials and Procedure

Included informed consent forms, word lists, recognition sheets, timing tools, and raw data records.
Detailed procedure outlined participant instructions, word learning time, and collection of results.

Ethical Considerations

Informed consent was adequately upheld.
Debriefing was violated, as participants were not informed about the study's full nature or offered support after.

Results and Implications

Recognition condition yielded a higher mean score than recall, affirming recognition's effectiveness.
Findings align with Atkinson-Shiffrin's model, emphasizing retrieval cues’ importance in memory recall.

Study Findings Significance

Recognition assessments benefit educators in evaluating student memory through multiple-choice formats.
Highlights the necessity of appropriate retrieval methods in memory studies to access stored information.

Potential Extraneous Variables

Individual memory capabilities could affect recall and recognition results.
Familiarity with words also represents a potential bias, which was mitigated using nonsense syllables.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability concerns noted due to single trial; suggests need for replication to establish dependability.
Internal validity challenged by extraneous variables; external validity limited due to convenience sampling, requiring random sampling for generalization.

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Description

This quiz investigates the concepts of recall and recognition in the context of long-term memory retention. Dive into key definitions and models, such as Atkinson-Shiffrin's multi-store model, to enhance your understanding of memory processes.