Rebolusyong Pangkaisipan at Politikal

General Instructions

• Do not write on the test paper
• Answer on a separate answer sheet
• Shade the correct circle for your answer

Question 1: Merkantilismo

• Merkantilismo is a system that believes trade increases wealth, focusing on increasing a country's supply of
• Gold and silver

Question 2: Renaissance and Scientific Advancements

• Key results of Renaissance advancements in science and technology include:
  • The invention of modern printing methods.
  • Development of scientific methods for research.
  • Wide spread of diverse ideas.
  • Increased human ambition.

Question 3: Colonialism

• Colonialism involves one country conquering another's territory, exploiting resources and people.
• Colonizers often prioritized their own interests and culture above the colonized.

Question 4: European Demand for Spices

• Europe depended on Asian spices (especially from India) since the 13th century.
• Popular spices included pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg.
• Spices were desired for flavoring food, preserving it, and as ingredients in medicine and cosmetics.

Question 5: European Colonialism

• European nations (Portugal, Spain, France, England, and Holland) divided the world into colonies starting in the 16th century.
• They exploited resources and people in their colonies.
• This resulted in a relationship where colonizers were dominant.

Question 6: American Influence

• American colonization had a major impact on Philippine life, culture, and traditions.
• One example is the introduction of basketball.

Question 7: Industrial Revolution Effects

• The Industrial Revolution caused many societal problems, including:
  • Social problems
  • Immigration to cities
  • Loss of land ownership

Question 8: Industrial Revolution Technology

• The spinning jenny and the cotton gin were important inventions during the Industrial Revolution.
• These technologies streamlined textile production.

Question 9: Scientific Revolution Causes

• Factors behind the Scientific Revolution include:
  • Religion
  • Renaissance
  • Exploration

Question 10: Colonialism's negative impact on Asia

• Colonization had negative effects on Asian regions, including:
  • Exploitation of resources
  • Loss of self-determination
  • Imposition of foreign culture

Question 11: Effects of the Scientific Revolution

• Some effects of the Scientific Revolution include:
  • Wider knowledge of scientific advancements.
  • Increased understanding of the world.
  • Knowledge of human anatomy and health.

Question 12: Connection between Enlightenment and Revolutions

• The Enlightenment's ideas influenced the American and French Revolutions.
• These ideas led to major political changes.

Question 13: Enlightenment Thinkers' Ideas

• Enlightenment thinkers held beliefs such as:
  • Happiness comes from following natural laws.
  • Logic and reasoning are keys to discovering truth.

Question 14: Government's Economic Role

• A government's economic roles include:
  • Providing infrastructure.
  • Maintaining public order.
  • Protecting the rights of citizens.

Question 15: Women's Rights and Education

• Important works that advocate for women's rights and access to education include:
  • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, by Mary Wollstonecraft
  • The Spirit of the Laws, by Montesquieu
  • Encyclopedia

Question 16: Outcomes of Enlightenment Ideas

• Enlightenment ideas in Europe and North America promoted:
  • Individual rights.
  • Free expression.
  • Equality

Question 17: Meaning of Revolution

• Revolution refers to profound societal or political change.

Question 18: French-American Alliance

• France allied with the United States during the American Revolution to counter Great Britain.

Question 19: Enlightenment and Political Revolutions

• Enlightenment ideas fuelled political revolutions.
• These revolutions emphasized liberty and equality.

Question 20: French Revolution's Outcomes

• Some important results of the French Revolution include:
  • Overthrow of the monarchy
  • Establishment of a republic
  • Promotion of the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity

Question 21: Opposition to Laissez-Faire Economics

• Mercantilists opposed laissez-faire economics because they believed government intervention was necessary for economic success.
• Mercantilists believed in government control and regulation of the economy to benefit the state.

Question 22: "No Taxation Without Representation"

• The saying "No taxation without representation" reflects colonists' belief that they should not be taxed by a government in which they have no voice.

Question 23: Colonial Unity

• To stand against British policies, the 13 American colonies formed the Continental Congress.

Question 24: Causes of the French Revolution

• Causes of the French Revolution include
  • Inequality and poverty among the people.
  • Government mis-management.
  • Ineffective leadership.

Question 25: Boston Tea Party

• The Boston Tea Party was a protest against British tax policies.
• Colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor to express their opposition.

Question 26: Tea Party

• The Boston Tea Party was a protest against British tea taxes.

Question 27: Declaration of the Rights of Man

• The Declaration of the Rights of Man had a profound impact on the ideas of the French Revolution.

Question 28: Motivations for Exploration

• Several motivations prompted exploration:
  • Seeking new trade routes.
  • Spreading religion.
  • Acquiring wealth.

Question 29: Colonialism's Impact on Colonies

• The establishment of colonies brought negative consequences such as:
  • Economic exploitation.
  • Cultural disruption.
  • Diminished political autonomy

Question 30: Colonial Control Mechanism

• One key mechanism of colonial control was establishing trading posts or outposts.

Question 31: European Military Leader

• Napoleon Bonaparte was a prominent military leader and later emperor.

Question 32: Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution

• Maximilien Robespierre led the Bolshevik Revolution.

Question 33: Largest Colonizer

• Russia was one of the largest colonizers that stretched throughout Asia and Europe.

Question 34: Patriots During Conflict

• Patriots are individuals who participate in wars or conflicts, and are often referred to as warriors of a particular realm.

Question 35: American Revolutionary Leader

• George Washington was a key figure during the American Revolution.

Question 36: Mixed-Heritage People

• The term "Mestizo" describes people of mixed European and indigenous heritage

Question 37: Magellan's Expedition Discovery

• Ferdinand Magellan's expedition proved the world is round.

Question 38: Dutch Colonial Success Factors

• The Dutch East India Company established a long-lasting presence in Asia.

Question 39: Economic Impact of Colonialism

• The economic impact of colonialism had both positive and negative aspects.

Question 40: Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution

• Problems caused by the Industrial Revolution include:
  • Child labor.
  • Conflicts between political groups.
  • High unemployment rates

Question 41: Scientific Revolution's European Impact

• Key impacts of the Scientific Revolution in Europe involved:
  • Creation of scientific institutions.
  • Increase in scientific publications and literature.
  • A more scientific worldview

Question 42: Government's Role in Economics

• The government's role in a country's economy involves:
  • Safeguarding people's well-being.
  • Maintaining societal stability.
  • Building basic infrastructure.

Question 43: Importance of Trade Rights

• Trade agreements and exclusive rights are essential for business growth.

Question 44: Impact of Technological Innovations

• Technological advancements facilitated exploration and trade.

Question 45: Mediterranean Role in Trade

• The Mediterranean Sea provided crucial routes for global trade networks.

Question 46: Goals of European Colonization

• European colonizers sought various goals:
  • Acquiring resources and raw materials.
  • Expanding markets for their finished goods.
  • Spreading their culture and religion.

Question 47: Negative Impacts of Imperialism

• Imperialism negatively affected indigenous cultures by:
  • Dismantling traditional customs
  • Imposing foreign traditions
  • Disrupting established economic structures.

Question 48: Causes of the Second Wave of Colonialism

• The Second Wave of Colonialism was triggered by the growth of:
  • Industrialized nations
  • Global trade networks

Question 49: Meaning of Nationalism

• Nationalism means holding strong feelings of love and loyalty for one's own country. This goes beyond local identity.

Question 50: Examples of Nationalism

• Examples of nationalism include:
  • Pride in one's national language
  • Supporting one's nation's economy
  • Sacrificing for the nation