Atlantic Revolutions, Global Echoes (1750-1900)

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority.

Rousseau’s idea that government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.

Rights that every individual inherently possesses, including life, liberty, and property.

Critique of absolute power held by monarchs and church authority, advocating for equality.

A situation marked by high debt and unfair taxation causing social unrest, especially in France.

Lack of food leading to social unrest, particularly during harsh winters in pre-revolutionary France.

The disparity in power and privileges between elites and the lower classes, causing tension.

Exploitation of enslaved individuals and indigenous populations leading to demands for change in the Americas.

Influences from the American Revolution that spread calls for rights and self-determination.

A conflict (1776-1783) for independence from British rule, leading to the creation of the USA.

Vessels that enabled faster transatlantic trade.

Communication device allowing near-instantaneous long-distance messages.

Mass production of goods with improved efficiency.

Factory workers faced long hours, low pay, and dangerous environments.

Organizations formed by workers to fight for better conditions and wages.

Political ideologies advocating for workers' rights and a classless society.

Spread of industrial development from Britain to other nations.

Japan's rapid industrialization to become a global power.

Political issues slowed their industrial progress in the late 19th century.

Movements that challenged monarchy and colonialism, promoting equality.

Most Latin American countries gained independence from Spain by the mid-1820s but faced political instability.

Republicanism, democracy, and individual rights influenced independence movements worldwide after Latin American revolutions.

Latin American revolutions inspired anti-colonial movements and led to the abolition of slavery in the 19th century.

Began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by natural resources, global markets, and population growth.

Machines like the steam engine and cotton gin transformed industry, particularly textiles and manufacturing.

Factories became centers of production, promoting urbanization and shifting economies from agrarian to industrial.

New farming techniques increased food production, enabling population growth and labor availability for factories.

The Industrial Revolution created wealth and increased production, especially in Britain, Germany, and the U.S.

The movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of factory work, resulting in crowded living conditions.

Steam-powered trains transformed transportation, making it faster and cheaper to move goods and people.

A document declaring colonies’ independence from Britain, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776.

The foundational document of the United States government, established a federal system and checks and balances, created in 1787.

Driven by financial crisis, inequality, and Enlightenment ideas, leading to popular discontent with the monarchy.

An event in 1789 marking the start of the French Revolution and symbolizing the power of the monarchy.

A period during the French Revolution (1793-1794) where thousands were executed, led by Robespierre.

Military leader who rose to power after the French Revolution and spread revolutionary ideals across Europe.

A fundamental document of the French Revolution establishing freedom, equality, and fraternity in 1789.

A successful slave revolt (1791-1804) in Saint-Domingue leading to Haiti's independence and abolition of slavery.

Leader known as 'El Libertador', who fought for independence across northern South America from 1808 to 1826.

Key figure in South American independence, leading revolutions in Argentina and Chile, collaborated with Bolívar.