Realism vs Liberalism in International Relations

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According to liberal theorists, what is a basic assumption about human nature?

Positive view of human nature

Which type of liberals emphasize transnational non-governmental ties between societies?

Sociological liberals

What do institutional liberals emphasize in their conceptions of international cooperation?

Organized cooperation between states

What is the belief of liberal theorists regarding international relations?

<p>Primarily cooperative</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the cobweb model, what is believed to reduce the risk of serious conflict between groups?

<p>Erosion of cross-cutting group memberships</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Rosenau argue leads to a transformation of the international system into a 'multicentric world'?

<p>Sovereignty-free collectivities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges the distinction between 'domestic' and 'international' according to Cerny?

<p>Transnational networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sociological liberalism posit is more important for cooperation than state-to-state relations?

<p>Relations between private individuals, groups, and societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

In global politics, what is becoming increasingly important due to the erosion and dispersion of state power?

<p>Individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected to lead to a more peaceful world according to sociological liberalism?

<p>A large number of transnational networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do realists view the state?

<p>A concentration of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'international law' in the 18th century?

<p>Jeremy Bentham</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Immanuel Kant propose could lead to perpetual peace?

<p>A world of constitutional and mutually respectful states</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of international relations is emphasized by sociological liberals?

<p>Transnational relations only</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Karl Deutsch, what leads to peaceful relations and a security community?

<p>High transnational ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a security community, as defined in the text?

<p>A group of people who have achieved a sense of community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model do sociological liberals propose to demonstrate how nations consist of various groups with different external ties and interests?

<p>&quot;Cobweb model&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher argued that a world of constitutional and mutually respectful states could lead to perpetual peace?

<p>Immanuel Kant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of relations do sociological liberals argue are increasingly important and more cooperative than interstate relations?

<p>Transnational relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Karl Deutsch study in relation to transnational relations?

<p>Communication and transactions between societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

"International relations is not only about interstate relations but also..."

<p>Transnational relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a group of people who have achieved a sense of community and agree to resolve conflicts without large-scale physical force?

<p>Security community</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tradition in International Relations contrasts with realism and focuses on peace and progress?

<p>Liberalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a liberal philosopher in the text?

<p>Thomas Hobbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What belief is considered a core liberal assumption, according to the text?

<p>Potential for human progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a state governed by law, as mentioned in the additional details?

<p>Rechtsstaat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core concern is associated with liberalism?

<p>Happiness and contentment of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event caused a shift in liberal optimism, as mentioned in the text?

<p>World War II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did early liberals believe about progress?

<p>It is inevitable and rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the belief in progress encompass, as per the additional details?

<p><strong>Both</strong> scientific and technological advancements <strong>and</strong> social and political aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does modernization increase, according to the additional details?

<p>Cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized liberal optimism after the end of the Cold War?

<p>Heightened emphasis on individual freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges do liberal ideas about progress and cooperation face in the present day, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Erosion of democratic values</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a state governed by law and perpetual peace?

<p>Rechtsstaat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interdependence refer to?

<p>Mutual dependence between peoples and governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of interdependence, what does Richard Rosecrance argue as more effective means for states to achieve prominence and prosperity?

<p>Economic openness and trading options</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are mentioned as examples of high industrialized countries adopting an intensified international division of labor and increased interdependence?

<p>Japan, Germany, South Korea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has made the traditional military-political option less attractive according to the text?

<p>The end of the Cold War</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is cited as a recent example of a trading state in the text?

<p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to liberals, what effect does a high division of labor in the international economy have on conflict between states?

<p>Reduces violent conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed a functionalist theory of integration based on cooperation arranged by technical experts and economic interdependence leading to political integration and peace?

<p>David Mitrany</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist developed a neofunctionalist theory of international integration emphasizing the role of political actors and their shifting loyalties in the integration process?

<p>Ernst Haas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Interdependence refers to mutual dependence between peoples and governments, with the twentieth century seeing an increase in transnational relations, leading to higher interdependence.
  • Theorizing about interdependence is rooted in the liberal tradition and international political economy (IPE) perspectives.
  • Richard Rosecrance argues that economic development and foreign trade are more effective means of achieving prominence and prosperity for states, as opposed to military force and territorial expansion.
  • High industrialized countries, such as Japan, Germany, and South Korea, have adopted a trading option, choosing an intensified international division of labor and increased interdependence.
  • Smaller countries have also become trading states.
  • The end of the Cold War has made the traditional military-political option less attractive and increasingly preferred even by larger states.
  • China is a recent example of a trading state, having adopted a strategy of economic openness since the late 1970s.
  • Liberals argue that a high division of labor in the international economy increases interdependence and reduces violent conflict between states.
  • David Mitrany proposed a functionalist theory of integration, imagining that cooperation could be arranged by technical experts and that economic interdependence would lead to political integration and peace.
  • Ernst Haas developed a neofunctionalist theory of international integration, building on Mitrany and emphasizing the role of political actors and their shifting loyalties in the integration process.

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