Readings #5: Filipinization and Education

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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of the Filipinization of the insular bureaucracy initiated by Francis Burton Harrison?

To fill the vacancies left by American bureaucrats with capable native Filipinos.

How did the Bureau of Education contribute to the education of young Filipinos during American rule?

The Bureau granted money for their transportation, tuition, books, and room and board in the United States.

What motivated Filipinos who studied in the United States to return to the Philippines?

They were required to work in the government for a specified period of time upon returning.

Why did Laurel choose Yale University for his doctoral studies?

He was advised by American lawyers in Manila to attend that institution. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the journey taken by pensionados like Laurel to reach the United States.

They boarded a trans-Pacific liner to San Francisco, then traveled across the continental U.S. by train to New Haven. Signup and view all the answers

What experience did Laurel hope to gain during his time in the United States?

He aimed to master constitutional law. Signup and view all the answers

What challenges did pensionados face during their transit to get to their universities?

They had to endure a long journey, often sleeping in Pullman berths during train rides. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Americanization process affect returning Filipino students?

Those who returned usually adopted many aspects of American culture. Signup and view all the answers

How did Teodoro M. Kalaw influence Dr. Laurel's career?

Kalaw recommended Laurel for various positions and provided guidance throughout his bureaucratic career. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Malolos Constitution in Laurel's development?

The Malolos Constitution was commented on by Kalaw, which likely sparked Laurel's interest in constitutional theories. Signup and view all the answers

What advice did Kalaw give about handling office projects?

Kalaw advised that projects should be approached as both new and old, integrating traditions with contemporary contexts. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the living conditions of Laurel and Celeste in New Haven.

They had to practice economy, sharing a room and cooking their own meals due to limited funds as pensionados. Signup and view all the answers

What was Laurel's educational background prior to his time at Yale?

Laurel returned from Yale with a doctorate in civil law after gaining considerable experience in the Department. Signup and view all the answers

What cultural influences did Laurel maintain while studying in the U.S.?

Laurel and Celeste cooked traditional Filipino dishes like adobo and sinigang to stay connected to their culture. Signup and view all the answers

What was Kalaw's assessment of Laurel when he swore him in as Undersecretary?

Kalaw described Laurel as a great man deserving of his position, emphasizing his initiative and cultural background. Signup and view all the answers

How did Laurel manage his personal grooming to save money?

Laurel trimmed his own hair using a hand mirror to avoid the costs of visiting a barbershop. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Filipinization and Bureaucracy

Filipinization of the bureaucracy initiated by Francis Burton Harrison between 1913-1920 aimed to replace American bureaucrats with capable native Filipinos.
The American regime supported Filipino education abroad, granting funds for transportation, tuition, and living expenses.

Americanization of Filipinos

Many Filipinos who studied in the U.S. returned with a strong affinity for American culture.
A requirement for pensionados (students on government scholarships) was to serve the government for a specified period after returning home.

Laurel's Journey to Yale

Sotero Laurel, influenced by peers, pursued further education at Yale University after earning his doctorate from Escuela De Derecho.
Yale University was founded by Elihu Yale in the 18th century, symbolizing esteemed academic standards.

Travel Experience

Pensionados traveled via trans-Pacific liners, crossing multiple Asian cities before reaching the U.S., with travel taking several weeks.
Upon reaching the U.S., pensionados transferred on local trains to reach their final destinations, such as New Haven or Boston.

Academic Focus

Laurel's commitment to mastering constitutional law was spurred by his association with Teodoro M. Kalaw, who mentored him and shared insights on constitutions.
Their shared roots in Batangas fostered a strong professional relationship and support for Laurel's career advancement.

Career Development

Upon returning from Yale, Kalaw recommended Laurel for assistant chief of the law division, paving the way for his future appointments in the government.
Kalaw highlighted Laurel's unique blend of experience, tradition, and academic background as assets to his leadership in the bureaucratic office.

Life at Yale

Laurel resided in the Yale Divinity dormitory, sharing accommodation with fellow scholar Jose Ma. Celeste.
Both scholars practiced frugality, cooking traditional Filipino dishes to manage their limited pensionado funds.

Cultural Adaptation

Laurel discovered local costs, such as haircuts, prompting him to cut his hair using a hand mirror to save money.
The experience of adapting to American culture while preserving Filipino roots was a significant aspect of their education.

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Description

Explore the transition of the insular bureaucracy in the Philippines during the American colonial period, focusing on the Filipinization efforts initiated by Francis Burton Harrison. This quiz delves into the educational journeys of young Filipinos seeking opportunities in Spain and the role of the Bureau of Education in this process.