Questions and Answers
What was the main goal of the Filipinization of the insular bureaucracy initiated by Francis Burton Harrison?
To fill the vacancies left by American bureaucrats with capable native Filipinos.
How did the Bureau of Education contribute to the education of young Filipinos during American rule?
The Bureau granted money for their transportation, tuition, books, and room and board in the United States.
What motivated Filipinos who studied in the United States to return to the Philippines?
They were required to work in the government for a specified period of time upon returning.
Why did Laurel choose Yale University for his doctoral studies?
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Describe the journey taken by pensionados like Laurel to reach the United States.
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What experience did Laurel hope to gain during his time in the United States?
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What challenges did pensionados face during their transit to get to their universities?
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How did the Americanization process affect returning Filipino students?
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How did Teodoro M. Kalaw influence Dr. Laurel's career?
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What was the significance of the Malolos Constitution in Laurel's development?
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What advice did Kalaw give about handling office projects?
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Describe the living conditions of Laurel and Celeste in New Haven.
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What was Laurel's educational background prior to his time at Yale?
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What cultural influences did Laurel maintain while studying in the U.S.?
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What was Kalaw's assessment of Laurel when he swore him in as Undersecretary?
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How did Laurel manage his personal grooming to save money?
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Study Notes
Filipinization and Bureaucracy
- Filipinization of the bureaucracy initiated by Francis Burton Harrison between 1913-1920 aimed to replace American bureaucrats with capable native Filipinos.
- The American regime supported Filipino education abroad, granting funds for transportation, tuition, and living expenses.
Americanization of Filipinos
- Many Filipinos who studied in the U.S. returned with a strong affinity for American culture.
- A requirement for pensionados (students on government scholarships) was to serve the government for a specified period after returning home.
Laurel's Journey to Yale
- Sotero Laurel, influenced by peers, pursued further education at Yale University after earning his doctorate from Escuela De Derecho.
- Yale University was founded by Elihu Yale in the 18th century, symbolizing esteemed academic standards.
Travel Experience
- Pensionados traveled via trans-Pacific liners, crossing multiple Asian cities before reaching the U.S., with travel taking several weeks.
- Upon reaching the U.S., pensionados transferred on local trains to reach their final destinations, such as New Haven or Boston.
Academic Focus
- Laurel's commitment to mastering constitutional law was spurred by his association with Teodoro M. Kalaw, who mentored him and shared insights on constitutions.
- Their shared roots in Batangas fostered a strong professional relationship and support for Laurel's career advancement.
Career Development
- Upon returning from Yale, Kalaw recommended Laurel for assistant chief of the law division, paving the way for his future appointments in the government.
- Kalaw highlighted Laurel's unique blend of experience, tradition, and academic background as assets to his leadership in the bureaucratic office.
Life at Yale
- Laurel resided in the Yale Divinity dormitory, sharing accommodation with fellow scholar Jose Ma. Celeste.
- Both scholars practiced frugality, cooking traditional Filipino dishes to manage their limited pensionado funds.
Cultural Adaptation
- Laurel discovered local costs, such as haircuts, prompting him to cut his hair using a hand mirror to save money.
- The experience of adapting to American culture while preserving Filipino roots was a significant aspect of their education.
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Description
Explore the transition of the insular bureaucracy in the Philippines during the American colonial period, focusing on the Filipinization efforts initiated by Francis Burton Harrison. This quiz delves into the educational journeys of young Filipinos seeking opportunities in Spain and the role of the Bureau of Education in this process.