Reading and Writing Subskills Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of proofreading in the writing process?

  • Checking for mistakes in accuracy (correct)
  • Creating the first version of the text
  • Correcting and improving the text
  • Providing feedback on structure

Which characteristic differentiates spoken language from written language?

  • Is planned and well-structured
  • Uses complex grammar structures
  • Relies heavily on punctuation
  • Contains utterances and hesitations (correct)

What type of listening is primarily focused on obtaining general understanding?

  • Listening for gist (correct)
  • Listening for detail
  • Listening for specific information
  • Listening for inference

What is an authentic material in the context of listening?

<p>Real spoken language featuring natural characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding context improve listening skills?

<p>It aids in making sense of connected speech. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of speaking involves the use of gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions?

<p>Body language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the writing process, which part directly follows the drafting stage?

<p>Editing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT typically a focus in all types of listening?

<p>Speaking proficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for successful oral communication besides fluency?

<p>Accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using simplified texts in listening practice?

<p>To build learners' confidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the silent period in language learning?

<p>Internalizing meaning and form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method focuses on the automatic acquisition of language through exposure?

<p>Silent Period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'focusing on the form' in language learning?

<p>Paying attention to language features and meaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach primarily involves using language fluently in communication?

<p>Communicative Approaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of oral fluency?

<p>Speaking at a normal pace with smooth use of speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the Oral Situational Language Teaching method?

<p>Learning structures related to specific situations through memorization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the audiolingual method?

<p>Achieving native-speaker mastery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity type is emphasized in the Communicative Approach?

<p>Information sharing and negotiation of meaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Total Physical Response (TPR), what is the first step in the learning process?

<p>Comprehension before production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method identifies the difference between L1 and L2 learning processes?

<p>Silent Way (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Natural Approach prioritize in language learning?

<p>Vocabulary and meaning over grammar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity type is NOT associated with Community Language Learning?

<p>Imperative drills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of language in the Communicative Approach?

<p>Emphasis on interaction and meaningful use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Silent Way method encourage in language learners?

<p>Active trial followed by silent awareness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of subsidiary aims in a lesson plan?

<p>To display language or skills necessary for the main aim (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a lesson plan specifies the particular purpose of each lesson stage?

<p>Stage aims (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is building variety important in lesson planning, especially for younger learners?

<p>It keeps learners engaged by changing activities frequently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a lesson plan prioritize to maximize its effectiveness?

<p>Simplicity and clarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component typically found in a lesson plan?

<p>Food and drink preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the appropriate language to use for classroom functions?

<p>The learning context and the learners' needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to get students' attention during a lesson?

<p>Using imperative language in instructions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of personal aims in a lesson plan?

<p>To focus on the teacher's development areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the sub-skill of scanning in reading?

<p>Reading for specific information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about extensive reading?

<p>It involves reading for pleasure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Text structure reading helps readers by:

<p>Aiding in recognizing the sequence of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of productive skills such as writing?

<p>Students produce text or speech. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sub-skill of predicting involve in reading?

<p>Using clues to form an idea about the text content. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of writing does accuracy refer to?

<p>Correctly using vocabulary and grammar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sub-skill of writing?

<p>Understanding text structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does summarizing serve in writing?

<p>It involves condensing information into a shorter form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates L1 learning from L2 learning according to the content?

<p>The age of the learners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the communicative approach to language learning?

<p>Emphasizing risk-taking and communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the structural approach, how is language learning viewed?

<p>Learning language gradually from simpler to more complex structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of a Task Based Learning (TBL) classroom activity?

<p>Learning through problem-solving tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the PPP method in language teaching?

<p>Presenting new language, practicing it, then producing it in a freer context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should teachers consider to effectively tailor their teaching methods?

<p>The learners' needs and expectations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are oral skills typically learned in the structural approach?

<p>Before written skills, through controlled practice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the learning view in Task Based Learning?

<p>Promotes language learning through the use of the language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Drafting

The initial version of a written piece, often rough and incomplete.

Editing

Improving a written piece by correcting errors and refining style, clarity, and structure.

Proofreading

Checking a written piece carefully for mistakes in accuracy and grammar.

Re-drafting

Creating a final version of a written piece by incorporating edits and proofreading corrections.

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Listening - Receptive Skill

The ability to understand and interpret spoken language by processing sounds and meaning.

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Listening for Gist

Understanding the main idea or overall message of a spoken text.

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Listening for Specific Information

Identifying and extracting specific details or facts from a spoken text.

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Listening for Detail

Paying close attention to nuances and subtle meanings in a spoken text.

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What is a receptive skill?

A skill where learners receive and process information, like listening and reading.

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What makes reading an active skill?

Even though reading is receptive, it requires active engagement with the text, understanding relationships between words and sentences, and using prior knowledge.

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What is scanning?

A reading technique where you focus on finding specific pieces of information.

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What is skimming?

A reading technique where you quickly read to get the general idea of the text.

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What is text structure reading?

Understanding how different text types are organized to predict where certain information might appear.

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What is meaning from context?

Using surrounding words and the situation to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.

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What is a productive skill?

A skill where learners create or express information, like writing and speaking.

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What are the different subskills of writing?

Writing skills include accuracy in language use (spelling, punctuation, grammar) and communicating ideas effectively through organization, style, and appropriate language features.

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Audiolingual Method

A language teaching approach that emphasizes habit formation through repetition, drills, and a focus on spoken language before written language.

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Communicative Language Teaching

A method that prioritizes real-world communication and meaningful interaction through tasks that engage learners in using the language for genuine purposes.

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Total Physical Response (TPR)

A method where learners learn by responding physically to commands and instructions, focusing on comprehension before production.

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The Silent Way

A method that emphasizes learner discovery and independence, with the teacher primarily using visual aids and minimal verbal instruction.

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Community Language Learning

A method that recognizes the interconnectedness of language, culture, and personal growth, encouraging collaboration and reflection in the learning process.

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The Natural Approach

A method that aims for language acquisition through comprehensible input, focusing on meaning over form and prioritizing vocabulary over grammar.

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Acquisition vs. Learning

Acquisition is a natural, subconscious process of language development, like how a child learns their native language. Learning is a conscious process of studying rules and grammar.

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Comprehensible Input

Language that a learner can understand, even if they don't know all the words or grammar rules. It's important for language acquisition.

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Speaking Subskills

The various components that contribute to successful oral communication, including grammar, vocabulary, register, connected speech, body language, and text types.

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Register

The level of formality or informality in language, depending on the context and audience.

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Connected Speech

The way sounds are modified and combined when spoken in continuous speech, impacting pronunciation and flow.

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Oral Fluency

The ability to speak at a normal speed with minimal hesitation, repetition, or self-correction, using connected speech smoothly.

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Interactive Strategies

Techniques used to engage and involve listeners in a conversation, keeping them interested and participating.

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Language Acquisition

The natural process of picking up a language through exposure, similar to how children learn their first language.

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Silent Period

The stage in language learning where learners focus on listening and reading, deciphering meaning and form without speaking.

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Interactive Practice

Engaging with others in conversation, using techniques like paraphrasing to communicate and experiment with the language.

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Lesson Plan Aims

The goals and purposes of a lesson, outlining what learners should achieve.

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Subsidiary Aims

Specific skills or language learners need to master to reach the main aim.

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Stage Aims

The objectives for each part or stage within a lesson.

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Personal Aims

Teacher's personal goals for improvement or focus in their teaching.

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Building Variety in Lesson Plans

Incorporating diverse activities, language skills, and interaction patterns within a lesson.

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Classroom Functions

The purposes for which language is used in the classroom.

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Exponents in Classroom Functions

The specific language choices used to achieve a classroom function.

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Appropriate Language Choice

Selecting language that is suitable for the situation, learners, and purpose.

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L1 vs. L2 Learning

The main difference in learning a first language (L1) compared to a second language (L2) is the age of the learner. Younger learners acquire L1 more naturally, while L2 learners often face challenges due to existing language knowledge and age.

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Learner Differences

Every language learner is unique, with varying learning styles, ages, personalities, and preferences. Some enjoy analysis, while others thrive on communication and risk-taking.

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Matching Teaching to Learners

Teachers need to adapt their teaching methods, approaches, materials, and topics to cater to the specific learning styles, needs, and expectations of their students.

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Communicative Approaches

This approach emphasizes language as a tool for communication. Learners are encouraged to use language in real-world, meaningful activities to develop fluency.

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Structural Approach - View of Language

Language is seen as a system of rules and structures that are combined to create meaningful communication.

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Task-Based Learning (TBL) - View of Language

Language is a tool for communicating meaning, encompassing functions, vocabulary, structures, and discourse.

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Structural Approach - View of Learning

Language learning happens through controlled practice of simplified structures, moving towards complexity. Mistakes are discouraged.

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TBL - View of Learning

Language is learned by using it in real-world situations. Mistakes are seen as part of the learning process.

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Study Notes

Reading Subskills

  • Reading is one of four language skills, including listening, writing, and speaking.
  • Reading is a receptive skill, where students respond to a text and connect their world knowledge.
  • Scanning is reading for specific information, understanding the meaning of words and relationships between words and sentences.
  • Skimming is reading for the main idea, or global understanding.
  • Text structure reading helps readers understand how texts develop information.
  • Meaning from context refers to using the words around an unknown word to understand its meaning.
  • Predicting is using clues before reading to guess the text's topic.
  • Extensive reading means reading for pleasure, such as stories or articles.
  • Intensive reading involves examining language in class to understand the structure.

Writing Subskills

  • Writing is a productive skill, where students create texts instead of receiving them.
  • Characteristics of different text types include formality level, layouts, grammatical complexity, and vocabulary range.

Listening Subskills

  • Listening, like reading, is a receptive skill.
  • It involves understanding meaningful sounds using context and world knowledge.
  • Written language remains on one page, uses punctuation and capital letters.
  • Spoken language disappears as it is spoken, can be fast or slow, using stress and intonation, gestures and facial expressions.

Speaking Subskills

  • Speaking is a productive skill, like writing.
  • Speaking subskills include vocabulary, functions, and using features of connected speech (e.g., body language).
  • Different text types can be created in spoken language, such as conversations, announcements, or songs.

Exposure and Focus on Form

  • Exposure to language helps learners acquire it automatically, like children learn their first language.
  • Focus on form is needed for adults to actively use language for interaction, beyond exposure.
  • Language acquisition involves exposure to rich and graded language through reading and listening.
  • A silent period includes listening and reading to figure out meanings and structures.
  • Interactive practice involves communication with others, using different structures in language.
  • Focus on form is paying attention to pronunciation, word order, prefixes, spelling, and grammatical structures.

Learning Styles and Methods

  • Grammar-translation, structural, and communicative approaches are past teaching methods, focusing on grammar, structure, and fluency in communication respectively.
  • Total Physical Response (TPR) is a structural approach that involves understanding through actions.
  • Silent Way is a functional approach that emphasizes core structures and vocabulary.
  • Community Language Learning focuses on communication.
  • Natural Approach focuses on meaning using natural processes.
  • Lexical Approach focuses on vocabulary as the most important aspect of language, understanding vocabulary through chunks.
  • Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) integrates a subject and language in learning.
  • Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) lessons are interactive, with presentation followed by controlled practice and production.
  • Task-based learning (TBL) is based on solving tasks, focusing on communicating meaning.

Classroom Function Language

  • Teachers need appropriate language for functions like explaining and instructing to suit the learners' needs and ages.
  • Demonstrating through examples or modeling of appropriate language use is important.
  • Giving clear instructions, feedback, and encouragement is key to appropriate language use in the classroom.

Grouping Learners

  • Whole class, open pairs, closed pairs, alone work, group/team, and mingle activities are different grouping methods.
  • Grouping allows learners to practice language at different paces and in various interactions.

Corrective Techniques and Feedback

  • Learners need feedback, encouragement, and opportunities to self-correct or peer-correct.
  • Feedback should be balanced, focused on positives and areas needing improvement.
  • Various methods for providing feedback are described.

Planning a Lesson

  • Lesson planning includes aims for the lesson, defining the main aim and subsidiary aims.
  • Planning includes the timing of different stages of the lesson.
  • Additional components to consider include the classroom organization, materials selection, and procedures.

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TKT Summary PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential reading and writing subskills necessary for effective language learning. It includes topics such as scanning, skimming, and understanding text structure, as well as the distinctions between intensive and extensive reading. Additionally, it emphasizes the characteristics of writing, including different text types and their structures.

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