Reading and Writing - 3rd Quarter, Lesson 1

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 1

• Linguistic is the scientific study of language, analyzing form, meaning, and context.
• Language is a complex structure of interconnected smaller units.
• Text is any information presented in written, spoken, or visual form.
• Discourse is communication expressing ideas, information, or meaning through writing or speaking.
• Types of Discourse:
  • Written Discourse: essays, blog posts, books.
  • Spoken Discourse: presentations, vlogs, oral reports.
  • Civil Discourse: communication between two or more participants on equal ground.
• Four Types of Written Discourse:
  • Description: Appeals to senses, using imagery to visualize scenes and objects.
  • Narration: Storytelling; biographies, histories, and news reports.
  • Exposition: Aims to inform; scientific and academic journals, essays, manuals, explanations of complex information.
  • Argumentation: Presents a set of beliefs meant to be persuasive; relies heavily on logical arguments to convince readers.
• Purpose of Discourse: To inform, to persuade, to entertain.
• Factors to Ensure Effective Communication:
  • Purpose: informing, persuading, entertaining, describing
  • Audience: knowledge level, interests, beliefs, values
  • Tone: formal, informal, authoritative, emotional
  • Structure: clear introduction, body, conclusion; use headings, transitions
  • Clarity: concise language, avoid unnecessary jargon
  • Evidence and Support: relevant examples, data, references
  • Cohesion and Flow: smooth transitions between ideas
  • Style and Language: consistent writing style
  • Revision and Editing: clarity, coherence, accuracy

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 2

• Brainstorming Strategies: Strategies used to gather information from various sources
  • Cubing: Generate multiple ideas for a topic
  • Free Writing: Writing continuously for a given time.
  • Listing: creating a list of topic related ideas.
  • Mapping: Visually organizing ideas through diagramming.
  • Researching: using the big six questions to collect relevant information.
• Graphic Organizers: Visual tools for expressing ideas, knowledge, and concepts.
  • Venn Diagram: Displays similarities and differences between ideas.
  • Spider Map: Effective brainstorming and organizing tool.
  • Fishbone Map: Cause-and-effect diagram
• Properties of a Well-Written Text: Selecting and organizing information, organization and structure, and language usage.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 3

• Organization: The arrangement and structure of ideas, information, and arguments within writing.
• Organizational Patterns:
  • Chronological Order: Ordering information according to time.
  • Spatial Order: Arranging information based on physical location.
  • Cause and Effect: Exploring the relationship between events and outcomes.
  • Compare and Contrast: Examining similarities and differences between subjects.
  • Problem-Solution: Identifying and addressing issues.
  • General to Specific/Specific to General: Building from broad concepts to details, or vice versa.
• Coherence and Cohesion: The connection and organization of ideas in a text to create unity.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 4

• Language Usage: Choosing appropriate language based on context and audience.
• Problems with Language: Avoiding issues such as informal language, jargon, slang, idioms, euphemisms, and biased language within written text to maintain coherence.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 5

• Patterns of Development:
  • Definition: Explains terms and concepts.
  • Exemplification: Provides examples.
  • Description: Creates vivid imagery of people, places, and things.
    • Types: Sensory (using the five senses), Spatial (location based)
  • Narration: Telling a story, chronological, or through sequences
  • Comparison and Contrast: Shows similarities and differences.
  • Cause and Effect: Explains the relationship between events.
  • Problem-Solution: Identifying and addressing issues.
  • Persuasion: Convincing an audience about an opinion or point.
• Comparison and Contrast: Methods for writing comparisons and contrasts.
  • Point-by-Point: Switching between subjects
  • Block: Discussion of one topic followed by a topic.
• Cause and Effect: The cause is the reason and the effect is the result.
• Problem-Solution Essay: Organizes ideas to solve a problem.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 6

• Claims of Fact: Assertions that can be proven or disproven with factual evidence.
• Claims of Value: Judgments about what is good or bad, better or worse.
• Claims of Policy: Arguments for a course of action or a change in policy.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 7

• Explicit Information: Clearly stated ideas within a text.
• Implicit Information: Ideas implied or suggested but not directly stated.
• Claims (Fact, Value, Policy): Types of claims with different aims and types of evidence.