Reading and Writing - 3rd Quarter, Lesson 1

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 1: Describing Written Text as Connected Discourse

• Linguistic is the scientific study of language, analyzing form, meaning, and context.
• Language is a complex structure of smaller connected units.
• Text can be anything representing information in written, spoken, or visual form.
• Discourse is communication expressing ideas, information, or meaning through writing or speech.
• Types of Discourse:
  • Written: essays, blog posts, books
  • Spoken: presentations, vlogs, oral reports
  • Civil: words, spoken or written, engaging with at least two equal participants.
• Four Types of Written Discourse:
  • Description: appeals to the senses, visualizing scenes or objects (biographies, histories, news reports)
  • Narration: presented through storytelling (biographies, histories, news reports)
  • Exposition: used to inform (scientific and academic journals, essays, manuals)
  • Argumentation: conveys beliefs, logic, convincing the reader why the author's position is correct.
• Purpose of Discourse:
  • To inform
  • To persuade
  • To entertain

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 2: Properties of a Well-Written Text: Selecting and Organizing Information

• Brainstorming: writing down specific topics.
• Brainstorming Strategies:
  • Cubing: outlining specific topics from different sources.
  • Free writing: writing continuously for a specific time.
  • Listing: listing topics and subtopics.
  • Mapping: visually outlining ideas (webbing/clustering).
  • Researching: Using the "big six" questions (journalistic method).
• Graphic Organizers: visual aids.
  • Venn Diagrams: show similarities and differences.
  • Spider Maps: word maps for brainstorming/organizing ideas.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 3: Properties of a Well-Written Text: Organization, Coherence and Cohesion, Language Use

• Organization: Arrangement of ideas, information, and arguments.
• Organizational Patterns:
  • Chronological: presenting info in order of time.
  • Spatial: ideas by physical location.
  • Cause and Effect: writer explores relationship between causes and effects.
  • Compare and Contrast: examing similarities and differences.
  • Problem-Solution: presenting a problem and describing potential solutions.
  • General to Specific/Specific to General: broad overview narrowing to specifics, or vice versa.
• Coherence: connection and organization of ideas creating unity.
• Cohesion: refers to connectivity in text at sentence and paragraph levels as well as sentence and paragraph levels; links between words and sentences.
• Language Use choosing proper language and objective of writing, considering context and target audience
  • Avoid jargon, slang, idioms, euphemisms, and biased language when appropriate.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 5: Patterns of Development

• Patterns of Development:
  • Definition: understanding new terms or concepts and developing understanding.
  • Exemplification: providing examples to clarify general ideas.
  • Description: using descriptive language to create pictures in the reader's mind (sensory vs spatial).
  • Narration: telling a story (chronology or sequence).

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Lesson 5: Claims Explicitly or Implicitly Made in a Written Text

• Claim: writer's asserted idea or argument.
  • Explicit Claims: clearly stated ideas
  • Implicit Claims: not directly stated but suggested by wording, etc.
• Types of Claims:
  • Claim of Fact: assertions that can be verified.
  • Claim of Value: judgments about something being good or bad.
  • Claim of Policy: arguments for specific actions/conditions.

Reading and Writing - Third Quarter, Additional Notes (Page 9)

• Should/Ought to: indicates something that is done or not done to solve a problem.
• Consequences: results/outcomes of actions or lack of actions.