Questions and Answers
Grief is considered an abnormal reaction to bereavement.
False
Acute stress disorder lasts for a minimum of 4 weeks.
False
ICD-10 classification includes a category for long-term responses to stress.
False
The DSM-5 requires the stressor to be of an exceptional nature for diagnosing PTSD.
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Acute reactions to stress should diminish after 48 hours.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder can begin before the distressing event is over.
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Most people experiencing a dangerous event will feel anxious immediately.
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In medical settings, most patients show extreme denial or defensive mechanisms.
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Adjustment disorder is classified under reactions to stress and adjustment disorders in ICD-10.
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In DSM-5, abnormal grief reactions are classified as separate from adjustment disorders.
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The ICD-10 classification includes an additional category for adjustment disorder called 'predominant disturbance of emotions'.
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Mixed anxiety and depressive reaction falls under the category of adjustment disorder in DSM-5.
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Adjustment disorder is only associated with acute stress and not with continued unpleasant circumstances.
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According to ICD-10, the adjustment disorder with anxiety does not include adjustment disorder with anger.
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DSM-5 recognizes persistent complex bereavement disorder as a specific diagnosis within adjustment disorders.
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Both ICD-10 and DSM-5 provide codes for self-harm associated with reactions to stress.
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Adjustment disorders are always acute and cannot be prolonged responses to stress.
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The DSM-5 has a specific category for adjustment disorder with anxiety that does not exist in ICD-10.
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Study Notes
Classification of Reactions to Stressful Events
- Reactions to stress vary widely, with grief considered a normal response to bereavement; prolonged reactions are uncommon.
- Typical immediate responses to traumatic events include anxiety, feeling dazed, and restlessness, usually resolving within hours.
- Difficulty exists in differentiating between normal and abnormal reactions based on severity or duration.
Reactions to Stressful Experiences
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ICD-10 and DSM-5 Classification: Reactions categorized into acute stress reactions, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Acute Reactions to Stress: Immediate responses that begin within 1 hour, persist for up to 48 hours, and typically resolve within a few days.
- Acute Stress Disorder: Develops during the distressing event, lasting from 2 days to 4 weeks.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: More severe, lasting similar durations, requiring exposure to exceptionally intense stressors (e.g., natural disasters, assaults).
- Both ICD-10 and DSM-5 emphasize that stressors must be of "exceptional" nature, with DSM-5 specifying serious injury or sexual violation for diagnosis.
ICD-10 vs. DSM-5 Classification Table
- ICD-10 Categories: Acute stress reaction, PTSD, adjustment disorder, brief depressive reaction, mixed anxiety and depressive reaction.
- DSM-5 Categories: Acute stress disorder, PTSD, adjustment disorder, with specific recognitions for depressive symptoms and conduct disturbances.
Adjustment Disorder
- Represents prolonged, gradual responses to stressors, classified by predominant symptoms: depressive, mixed anxiety, conduct disturbances.
- Both classifications acknowledge adjustment disorders as consequences of acute stress or persistent negative situations.
Additional ICD-10 Codes
- Deliberate self-harm can be coded separately, categorized under methods from X60-X82.
- Stressful events can be specified with codes from Chapter Z, indicating specific problems like family or employment-related issues.
Coding Grief Reactions
- In ICD-10, normal grief reactions are not coded unless they're culturally inappropriate; Z63.4 used for coding loss of a family member.
- DSM-5 includes abnormal grief within adjustment disorders and identifies persistent complex bereavement disorder for further examination.
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Description
This quiz explores the classification of reactions to stressful events, distinguishing between normal and abnormal responses. Participants will learn about typical emotional patterns, such as anxiety and grief, associated with trauma and bereavement. Test your understanding of what constitutes a normal reaction during times of stress.
