Reactions and Reactivity of Metals

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Questions and Answers

Identify some common acids/salts we used in the lab and recognise the chemical symbol.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sodium chloride (NaCl)

List some common metals, give the chemical symbol as well.

Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al)

What is produced when you react a metal and acid? Give the general equation.

Salt and hydrogen gas; Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

What is produced when you react a metal carbonate and acid? Give the general equation.

<p>Salt, water, and carbon dioxide; Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place.

<p>Change in color, formation of a precipitate, evolution of a gas, change in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a word equation for a chemical reaction.

<p>Sodium + Chlorine → Sodium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a symbol equation for a chemical reaction.

<p>2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Represent a chemical reaction as a balanced symbol equation.

<p>A balanced symbol equation has the same number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the reaction of alkali metals and water. Write word equations and symbol equations.

<p>Alkali Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen; 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens in metal displacement reactions. Give examples with the word balanced symbol equations.

<p>A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound; Iron + Copper Sulfate → Iron Sulfate + Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the reactivity series? Can you list some metals according to their reactivity?

<p>A list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive at the top; Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Silver, Gold</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the applications of this for extracting metals from their ores?

<p>More reactive metals can be used to displace less reactive metals from their ores, such as using carbon to extract iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an acid?

A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) or accepts electrons. Common lab examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

What is a salt?

A compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where the hydrogen ion of the acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion.

Metal + Acid Reaction Products

Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen Gas

Metal Carbonate + Acid Products

Metal Carbonate + Acid -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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Evidence of a Chemical Reaction

Gas production, color change, precipitate formation, heat release/absorption.

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Word Equation

An equation that describes a chemical reaction using the names of the substances involved.

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Symbol Equation

An equation using chemical symbols and formulae to represent a chemical reaction.

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Balanced Symbol Equation

Symbol equation with the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

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Alkali Metals and Water

Alkali Metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen. Very exothermic (heat producing) reaction.

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Metal Displacement Reaction

A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

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Study Notes

Reactions of Metals

  • Recognize the chemical symbols and identify common acids and salts used in the lab.
  • List common metals and provide their chemical symbols.
  • Reaction of a metal and an acid produces a salt and hydrogen gas.
  • Reaction of a metal carbonate and acid will produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
  • Evidence of a chemical reaction includes change in temperature, color change, gas production, precipitate formation, and change in smell.
  • A word equation uses the names of the substances involved to describe a chemical reaction.
  • A symbol equation uses the chemical formulas and symbols to represent a chemical reaction.
  • Balanced symbol equations show the chemical reaction with the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides.

Patterns of Reactivity

  • Alkali metals react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide.
  • Metal displacement reactions involve a more reactive metal replacing a less reactive metal in a compound.
  • The reactivity series is a list of metals ranked in order of their reactivity.
  • The reactivity series is used to extract metals from their ores.

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