RBT Study Test (Modules 5-7)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is one strategy within the Autism Partnership Method used to decrease aberrant behavior? (Select all that apply)

  • Video modeling
  • Script fading
  • Equivalence based instruction
  • Social skill groups (correct)

    • Developing a hierarchy of frustrating events and teaching a client to engage in relaxing behaviors when exposed to steps within that hierarchy is known as which of the following?

  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
  • Graduated Support
  • Frustration Tolerance (correct)
  • Respondent Blocking

    • If required to implement restraint, you must do which of the following?

  • Use for each learner with whom you work
  • Use in every crisis plan
  • Seek out additional training (correct)
  • Nothing in addition to this training

    • Crisis plans should be:

    <p>Individualized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a core component of a behavior reduction plan?

    <p>Data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first rule of punishment is:

    <p>It happens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A response followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future probability of similar responses is best described by which of the following?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saying 'no' contingent upon a learner's response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?

    <p>Positive punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removing a token contingent upon a response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?

    <p>Negative punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bad odor is likely an example of which of the following?

    <p>Unconditioned punisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person's conditioning history is a definition of which of the following?

    <p>Conditioned punisher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following two variables affect the effectiveness of punishers?

    <p>Immediacy and schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A potential negative side effect of punishment is:

    <p>Behavioral contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the analogy of the history of punishment that the presenter used?

    <p>Pendulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effectiveness of punishment was first evaluated in which type of research?

    <p>Basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavior a client engages in that could cause harm to themselves or others is sometimes referred to as:

    <p>Aberrant behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One problem associated with stereotypic behavior is it:

    <p>Could interfere with learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minshawi and colleagues (2014) reported that up to _____ individuals with ASD display self-injurious behavior.

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Defining a behavior in observable terms is known as which of the following?

    <p>Operational definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This type of definition describes changes in the environment related to the behavior.

    <p>Functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an operational definition important?

    <p>It results in more accurate scoring of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four functions are commonly included in historical literature on functional analysis?

    <p>Access to attention, access to tangibles, escape, and automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Autism Partnership Method/Model what is another potential function of behavior?

    <p>Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indirect measures of aberrant behavior are also known as which of the following?

    <p>Second hand observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collecting A-B-C data is also known as which of the following?

    <p>First hand observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a functional behavior assessment?

    <p>To identify the function of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of active listening?

    <p>What we do, what we say, what we observe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Was he screaming, hitting, or throwing objects?' is an indirect method known as which of the following?

    <p>Laundry list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step of direct observation?

    <p>Describing the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functional analysis has been described as the most ____ way to determine function.

    <p>Precise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of studies on functional analysis have shown it:

    <p>Can lead to successful treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner receiving a high five contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner receiving a toy contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would most likely occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Tangible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A learner being provided with a break from demands contingent upon displaying aberrant behavior would most likely occur in which condition of a functional analysis?

    <p>Escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One concern with standard Functional Analyses is that they are not:

    <p>Occurring in natural settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a progressive approach to problem behavior (i.e., the Big 4), which of the following is recommended?

    <p>To proactively teach the skills required to navigate the four conditions of a standard functional analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one component of proactive procedures?

    <p>Making learning fun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to make learning fun?

    <p>Interspersing tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one component of reactive procedures?

    <p>Creating behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One component of a good behavior plan is:

    <p>A measurement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discontinuing the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior primarily results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior, which is known as which of the following?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We extinguish the ______

    <p>Behavior not the student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extinction should always be combined with which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When implementing a procedure based upon extinction, one might observe an initial, but temporary increase in the targeted behavior. This is known as which of the following?

    <p>Extinction burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a situation when a behavior that is no longer reinforced starts to appear again?

    <p>Resurgence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary behavioral principle responsible for the effectiveness of time-out is which of the following?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An essential component of time-out is ensuring which of the following?

    <p>High quality time-in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of time-out best describes when the learner is completely removed from the environment?

    <p>Exclusionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of time-out best describes when the learner is not removed from the environment?

    <p>Non-exclusionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge associated with the implementation of time-out?

    <p>Ethical considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a procedure that involves a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for engaging in appropriate behavior and is removed for engaging in inappropriate behavior?

    <p>Time in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one advantage of the time-in procedure?

    <p>Provides a prompt for the teacher/therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Time-in could be implemented with which of the following?

    <p>Any student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary behavioral principle responsible for the effectiveness of a response cost system?

    <p>Punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Response cost should always be combined with which of the following?

    <p>Reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an overcorrection procedure in which aberrant behavior sets the occasion for the learner to restore the environment to its previous state?

    <p>Restitutional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an overcorrection procedure in which aberrant behavior sets the occasion for the learner to repeatedly engage in a task?

    <p>Positive practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes a procedure that involves blocking an individual from engaging in a behavior?

    <p>Response blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the learner engaging in a specific behavior instead of the aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the learner engaging in a behavior that cannot be done at the same time as the targeted aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon the absence of aberrant behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcement contingent upon displaying lower rates of behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interventions that manipulate the value of consequences are also known as which of the following?

    <p>Antecedent based procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a student engage in a series of preferred tasks prior to presenting a non-preferred task is known as which of the following?

    <p>Behavioral momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An audiotaped, written word, phrase, or sentence used to teach conversation and social behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Script fading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using script fading, how many people are involved in the process?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Having a client watch a video of an individual displaying the desired behavior is known as which of the following?

    <p>Modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are three types of video modeling?

    <p>Basic, self, and POV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one problem with a first-then strategy?

    <p>Bribery land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One potential problem with social stories is they have not been:

    <p>Shown to be as effective as other procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following procedures have been found to be more effective than social stories?

    <p>Teaching Interaction Procedure, video modeling, and Cool Versus Not Cool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Punishment and Behavior Management

    • Punishment is defined as a response followed by a stimulus change that decreases the future probability of that response.
    • Positive punishment can be exemplified by saying "no" in response to undesirable behavior.
    • Negative punishment occurs when a token is removed as a consequence of behavior.
    • Unconditioned punishers, like a bad odor, are naturally aversive stimuli.
    • Conditioned punishers derive their effectiveness from past experiences and conditioning.
    • Effectiveness of punishers is affected by immediacy and the schedule of reinforcements available.

    Aberrant Behavior and Definitions

    • Aberrant behavior refers to actions that could harm oneself or others.
    • Stereotypic behaviors can hinder learning opportunities.
    • Reports indicate that up to 50% of individuals with ASD exhibit self-injurious behavior.
    • Operational definitions entail describing behaviors in observable terms for clarity in measurement and evaluation.

    Functional Analysis and Behavior Assessment

    • Functional analysis includes assessing behaviors through conditions like escape, tangible, attention, and control.
    • Indirect measures of behavior rely on second-hand observation, while direct measures involve collecting A-B-C data firsthand.
    • The primary goal of a functional behavior assessment is to identify the function behind the behavior.

    Proactive and Reactive Procedures

    • Proactive strategies aim to make learning enjoyable and engaging, while reactive procedures focus on momentum during interventions.
    • Effective behavior plans must include measurement systems and clear definitions of behaviors.

    Extinction and Its Effects

    • Extinction is the process of discontinuing reinforcement, leading to a decrease in behavior frequency.
    • Reinforcement should accompany extinction procedures to support positive behavior changes.
    • Extinction can initially cause an increase in targeted behavior, known as an extinction burst, followed by potential resurgence.

    Time-Out and Ethical Considerations

    • The principle behind time-out is punishment; ensuring high-quality time-in is crucial for effectiveness.
    • Different types of time-out (exclusionary and non-exclusionary) dictate whether a learner is removed from the environment or remains present.
    • Ethical considerations play a major role in implementing time-out strategies.

    Reinforcement Strategies

    • Differential reinforcement is crucial, including:
      • DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behaviors) promotes engaging in alternate behaviors.
      • DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behaviors) encourages behaviors that cannot coexist with undesired behaviors.
      • DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other behaviors) reinforces the absence of aberrant behaviors.
      • DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low rates) rewards lower occurrences of behavior.

    Behavioral and Script-Based Interventions

    • Manipulating consequence values falls under antecedent-based procedures.
    • Behavioral momentum involves transitioning from preferred tasks to non-preferred tasks to facilitate engagement.
    • Script fading helps learners enhance conversation and social skills through structured phrases or scripts.

    Effective Interventions and Training

    • Social skill groups are a useful strategy within the Autism Partnership Method for reducing aberrant behavior.
    • Frustration tolerance promotes coping skills through graded exposure to challenging events.
    • Restraint requires additional specialized training before implementation, with individualized crisis plans necessary for effective behavior management.

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    Prepare for your RBT certification with this flashcard quiz covering modules 5 to 7. Test your knowledge on crucial topics such as punishment, reinforcement, and behavior modification techniques. Perfect for anyone looking to solidify their understanding before the exam.

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