Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes when a learner earns tickets which are eventually exchanged for a toy?
What is one of the most important components of a token economy?
Using effective reinforcers
Rainbow tokens most closely aligns with which schedule of reinforcement?
Conjugate
Which token economy is in place when the learner is unaware of how many tokens are required prior to exchanging?
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The first rule of punishment is
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A response followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future probability of similar responses is best described by which of the following?
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Saying 'no' contingent upon a learner's response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?
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Removing a token contingent upon a response that results in a decrease in the probability of that response in the future is an example of which of the following?
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A bad odor is likely an example of which of the following?
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A stimulus change that functions as punishment as a result of a person's conditioning history is a definition of which of the following?
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Which of the following two variables affect the effectiveness of punishers?
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A potential negative side effect of punishment is
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What was the analogy of the history of punishment that the presenter used?
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The effectiveness of punishment was first evaluated in which type of research?
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Behavior a client engages in that could cause harm to themselves or others is sometimes referred to as
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One problem associated with stereotypic behavior is it
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Minshawi and colleagues (2014) reported that up to _____ individuals with ASD display self-injurious behavior.
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Study Notes
Token Economy
- A token economy is a system where learners earn tokens that can be exchanged for rewards, such as toys.
- Effective reinforcers are crucial components of a token economy to ensure motivation and engagement.
Schedules of Reinforcement
- Rainbow tokens align with the conjugate schedule of reinforcement, linking immediate behavior with rewards.
Types of Token Economies
- A magic number token economy means learners are unaware of the tokens needed for exchange until the moment of reward.
Punishment Concepts
- The first rule of punishment is that it occurs when a behavior is followed by a stimulus that decreases similar future responses.
- Positive punishment involves presenting a stimulus, like saying "no," to reduce the likelihood of a behavior.
- Negative punishment involves removing a stimulus (e.g., a token) to decrease the future probability of a behavior.
Types of Punishers
- Unconditioned punishers are naturally aversive stimuli, like a bad odor.
- Conditioned punishers derive their punishing effect from an individual's past experiences or conditioning history.
Variables Affecting Punishment
- The effectiveness of punishers is influenced by immediacy (how quickly the punishment follows a behavior) and the schedule of punishment.
Side Effects of Punishment
- Behavioral contrast can be a negative side effect of punishment, whereby behavior changes in contexts outside the punishment scenario.
Historical Context of Punishment
- The history of punishment has been likened to a pendulum, illustrating shifts in societal attitudes and practices over time.
- The initial evaluation of punishment effectiveness was conducted through basic research.
Aberrant Behavior
- Aberrant behavior refers to any client behavior that poses a risk of harm to themselves or others.
- Stereotypic behavior, while often repetitive, can hinder a client's ability to learn effectively.
Self-Injurious Behavior in ASD
- Research by Minshawi and colleagues indicates that up to 50% of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may display self-injurious behavior.
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Test your knowledge of token economies and reinforcement principles with these flashcards. Each card focuses on critical concepts relevant to the Registered Behavior Technician framework, helping you master the terminology and applications of behavior analysis. Perfect for RBT exam preparation.
