RBT Exam Flashcards

Questions and Answers

List one strategy for promoting maintenance.

Performing a skill after a portion or all has been terminated.

List one strategy for promoting generalization.

Introduce natural contingencies.

The skill of using the toilet has generalized?

True

Why is parent training a key part of any ABA program?

Parents have more interactions with their client than anyone else, and skills are not fully learned until they generalize to caregivers. Signup and view all the answers

Parents should be surveyed frequently with regards to problem behavior, new skills, and potential reinforcers.

True Signup and view all the answers

As an RBT, you provide parent training at any point to parents, even about how to manage your client's siblings.

False Signup and view all the answers

As an RBT, you should report variables that might affect the client.

True Signup and view all the answers

The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

An RBT can practice independently of a BCBA.

False Signup and view all the answers

Rate is...

the total count per a unit of time Signup and view all the answers

Duration is...

the time from when the behavior begins to when it ends Signup and view all the answers

Latency is...

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a continuous recording method? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Calculate frequency/rate per hour and minute for a behavior that occurred 120 times over a 2 hour observation.

60 per hour, 1 per minute Signup and view all the answers

Partial-interval recording is...

When the behavior must occur at least once during the interval to be recorded Signup and view all the answers

Whole-interval recording is...

When the behavior must occur for the entire interval to be recorded Signup and view all the answers

Momentary time sampling is...

When the behavior must be occurring at the end of the interval to be recorded Signup and view all the answers

Inter-response time is...

The time between the end of one instance of the behavior and the beginning of the next occurrence of behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to increase?

Whole-interval recording Signup and view all the answers

Which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to decrease?

Partial-interval recording Signup and view all the answers

Partial interval recording has the tendency to under-estimate the frequency of a target behavior while whole interval recording has the tendency to over-estimate the frequency of the target behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of 'permanent products' that can be used to collect data using permanent product recording procedures? (Select all that apply)

Number of broken windows Signup and view all the answers

Permanent product recording is one of the least cumbersome data recording methods.

True Signup and view all the answers

Choose the best operational definition for a tantrum.

Any instance of the client crying and hitting himself in the head with a closed fist which makes a sound that can be heard within five feet. Signup and view all the answers

Define behavior:

The activity of living organisms; human behavior includes everything that people do. Signup and view all the answers

Define environment:

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or references part of the organism exists; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment. Signup and view all the answers

List the four functions of behavior.

Social positive (attention/access), Social negative (escaping), Automatic positive (sensory stimulation), Automatic negative (pain attenuation) Signup and view all the answers

A client gets out of his seat every time a demand is placed. When he gets out of his seat, his teacher says, 'Oh you need a break', and does not follow through with her demand. This client's out of seat behavior most likely serves what function?

Social negative (escape) Signup and view all the answers

A client frequently spits during various times and after a dentist appointment, the spitting stopped. What function does spitting most likely serve?

Automatic negative (pain attenuation) Signup and view all the answers

Every time his mother removes items from him, a client engages in a tantrum. What function is most likely maintaining the tantrums?

Social positive (attention/access) Signup and view all the answers

A client hits other students in his class. What function does his hitting most likely serve?

Social positive (attention/access) Signup and view all the answers

A client drops legos on the floor for hours if left alone. What is the function of the lego dropping behavior?

Automatic positive (sensory stimulation) Signup and view all the answers

What is an antecedent?

A stimulus that occurs before the behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence?

A stimulus that occurs after the behavior Signup and view all the answers

Why do we conduct assessments? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A functional assessment is a set of procedures used to identify the cause of a problem behavior or socially inappropriate behavior.

True Signup and view all the answers

A functional analysis is...

The deliberate manipulation of variables to evoke a target behavior to determine the function of the behavior. Signup and view all the answers

A Functional Behavior Assessment is... (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does the ABC stand for in ABC recording?

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence Signup and view all the answers

A reinforcer is...

A stimulus that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

A punisher is...

A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a behavior Signup and view all the answers

Provide one example of a primary reinforcer.

Food, water, warmth Signup and view all the answers

Provide one example of a secondary reinforcer.

Bell, token, praise Signup and view all the answers

The manipulation of Motivating Operations is a(n)...

Antecedent intervention Signup and view all the answers

An Establishing Operation increases the value of a particular reinforcer.

True Signup and view all the answers

An Abolishing Operation decreases the value of a particular reinforcer.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of pairing yourself with reinforcement?

To make you reinforcing to the client Signup and view all the answers

What is differential reinforcement?

Reinforcing a desired behavior while discontinuing the reinforcement for an undesired behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a Differential Reinforcement procedure?

Differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incompatible behavior for hand flipping?

Squeezing hands together Signup and view all the answers

Define Extinction:

Discontinuation of reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur. Signup and view all the answers

Extinction is most effective when used as a stand-alone procedure?

False Signup and view all the answers

You are working with a client who engages in verbal aggression. The BCBA asks you to use extinction as a part of the intervention plan. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like.

Not allowing the client to escape from demands when he/she engages in verbal aggression and providing no reaction or response to the verbal aggression. Signup and view all the answers

You are working with a client who engages in tantrums that are maintained by access to tangibles. The BCBA instructs you to implement extinction. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like for this case.

Not providing tangibles when the client engages in tantrum behaviors and providing no reaction or response to the tantrum behavior. Signup and view all the answers

There are times as an RBT you will have to implement emergency/crisis strategies.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an emergency/crisis management strategy? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

You are unsure that an emergency/crisis management procedure is appropriate for a particular behavior. Who should you consult with?

BCBA Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an emergency? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

An Acquisition program is a program designed to...

Teach a new skill the individual does not have. Signup and view all the answers

Acquisition programs can teach which of the following skills? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Another name for conditioned reinforcement is primary reinforcement.

False Signup and view all the answers

Examples of unconditioned reinforcers include which of the following? (Circle all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

List three examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Tokens, social praise, toys Signup and view all the answers

What is a reinforcement schedule?

A protocol that states the frequency at which reinforcement will be delivered. Signup and view all the answers

When would you provide reinforcement if a client was on a continuous schedule of reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered for each occurrence of the target behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Intermittent reinforcement is most often used for maintaining previously learned behaviors.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement?

Fixed-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-ratio, variable-interval Signup and view all the answers

When using a ratio schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses. Signup and view all the answers

When using an interval schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?

Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since the last response. Signup and view all the answers

Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps.

True Signup and view all the answers

When teaching with DTT, how quickly should you deliver reinforcement after a correct response?

Within 1-2 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

Discrete Trial Training is a method of teaching in the natural environment, following what the client naturally gravitates toward.

False Signup and view all the answers

Discrete Trial Training is an effective way to teach certain skills to some learners with ASD.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will you want to do when delivering reinforcement during DTT? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Define a prompt:

A cue or assistance to encourage a desired response and used to provide assistance to increase clients' success and reduce frustration with learning new skills/behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Provide 3 examples of a prompt. (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Prompts should be...

Gradually withdrawn. Signup and view all the answers

Some advantages of NET are which of the following?

Use of a client's MO to guide language instruction, reduce the amount of problem behavior, the verbal instructions are much more characteristic of typical verbal interactions, and the training conditions are closer to how a client may be taught in the future. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of incidental teaching:

Providing structured learning opportunities in the natural environment by using the client's interests and natural motivation, such as withholding reinforcing items until a client requests them appropriately. Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes when using NET procedures you may have to contrive a situation to work on a skill.

True Signup and view all the answers

Task analysis is the process of breaking a skill into smaller, more manageable steps in order to teach the skill.

True Signup and view all the answers

Task analysis can be used to teach which of the following types of skills? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a behavior that is most likely to be taught using a task analysis.

Hand washing, brushing teeth, completing chores Signup and view all the answers

When using backward chaining the RBT does which of the following?

Will prompt the client through the steps and then expect the client to do the last step independently. Each time a step is mastered the client is expected to complete the acquisition step and all mastered steps. Signup and view all the answers

When using forward chaining the RBT does which of the following?

Will ask the client to complete the first step independently then prompt him/her through the remainder of the steps. Once a step is mastered the client is expected to complete all mastered and the one acquisition step independently. Signup and view all the answers

When using total task presentation the RBT does which of the following?

Will present the task and will allow the opportunity for the client to complete each step independently in order each time the task is presented, prompting when necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Discrimination training is a process of reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of other stimuli.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an error? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The stimulus delta (S-Delta) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced.

False Signup and view all the answers

The discriminative stimulus (Sd) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced.

False Signup and view all the answers

Define Stimulus control:

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Stimulus fading involves introducing or altering a new element, such as color, intensity, or size to the target stimulus, which is gradually faded by reducing its intensity or components.

True Signup and view all the answers

Stimulus fading can often be used to desensitize a client to aversive stimuli.

True Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of stimulus fading:

Signup and view all the answers

Stimulus fading can be used in what context(s)? (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which is a correct prompting hierarchy for prompt fading?

Full physical, partial physical, model, gesture Signup and view all the answers

Failing to fade prompts can lead to a client being prompt dependent.

True Signup and view all the answers

The goal of instruction is to produce behavior change outside the training context... (Select all that apply)

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

If a client can perform a skill in a different context than it was taught, that skill has...

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

RBT Roles and Responsibilities

RBTs deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior intervention plans as directed by a BCBA.
RBTs must work under the supervision of a BCBA and cannot practice independently.

Data Collection Methods

Rate: Total count of a behavior per unit of time.
Duration: Time from the onset to the offset of a behavior.
Latency: Time between presenting a stimulus and the occurrence of the behavior.
Continuous Recording: Includes methods such as duration, frequency, and latency.
Partial-Interval Recording: Records if a behavior occurs at least once during an interval.
Whole-Interval Recording: Requires a behavior to occur for the entire interval to be documented.
Momentary Time Sampling: Records behavior only if it is occurring at the end of an interval.
Inter-response Time: Measures the time between consecutive occurrences of a behavior.

Functions of Behavior

Four identified functions:
- Social positive (attention/access)
- Social negative (escape)
- Automatic positive (sensory stimulation)
- Automatic negative (pain attenuation)
Escape from demands and avoiding discomfort often drives behaviors such as getting out of one's seat or spitting.

Functional Assessment

Conducted to identify causes of problem behaviors.
Involves manipulating variables to assess the function of a target behavior.

Reinforcement and Punishment

Reinforcer: Increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior.
Punisher: Decreases the future frequency of a behavior.
Primary Reinforcers: Food, water, warmth.
Secondary Reinforcers: Tokens, praise, certain objects.
Differential Reinforcement: Reinforcing desired behaviors while discontinuing reinforcement for undesired ones.

Teaching and Behavior Change

Task Analysis: Breaks skills into smaller, manageable steps, applicable in self-help, life, and academic skills.
Prompting: Involves cues to support desired responses; prompts should be gradually withdrawn.
Discrete Trial Training (DTT): Structured teaching method, reinforcing correct responses quickly.
Natural Environment Training (NET): Utilizes clients’ interests for teaching opportunities in natural settings.
Generalization and Maintenance: Ensure skills transfer across contexts and maintain over time.

Behavioral Interventions

Extinction: Discontinuation of reinforcement for previously reinforced behavior, leading to a decrease in frequency.
Crisis Management: Strategies include relocating individuals, removing unnecessary demands, and rearranging the environment. Consult BCBA for appropriateness.

Parent Training

Essential as parents spend the most time with clients, helping ensure learned skills generalize effectively.
Regular surveys with parents about behavior and skills can enhance intervention success.

Important Concepts

ABC Model: Antecedent (trigger), Behavior, Consequence (result of behavior).
Stimulus Control: Behavior influenced by the presence/absence of stimuli.
Reinforcement Schedules: Protocols defining frequency of reinforcement delivery.

Key Principles

RBTs must report observable variables affecting clients and consistently apply intervention strategies to support behavioral change.

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