RapidEMT Chapter 16 Quiz Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

Right atrium.

Angina pectoris occurs when:

Myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply.

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

Sinoatrial node.

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

Family history. Signup and view all the answers

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

Have chronic hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

Assess the adequacy of his respirations. Signup and view all the answers

A rapid heart rate is a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker.

False Signup and view all the answers

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. Signup and view all the answers

A dissected aortic aneurysm occurs when:

The inner layers of the aorta become separated. Signup and view all the answers

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours duration. What should you do?

Administer oxygen, give her 324 aspirin, and assess her further. Signup and view all the answers

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:

Who have experienced a head injury. Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the 'LL' and 'RL' electrodes should be placed:

On the thighs or ankles. Signup and view all the answers

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which condition should you suspect he has experienced?

Acute myocardial infarction. Signup and view all the answers

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:

Pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. Signup and view all the answers

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

Resistance of the body to the flow of electricity. Signup and view all the answers

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

Immediately resume CPR. Signup and view all the answers

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. What should you do?

Begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. Signup and view all the answers

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

Dry the chest if it is wet. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

Dependent edema. Signup and view all the answers

The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

Pulmonary veins. Signup and view all the answers

When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

Angina. Signup and view all the answers

Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

Acute myocardial infarction. Signup and view all the answers

At 0500 hours, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion, when the pain woke him up. He also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. His vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse, 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. He is still complaining of chest pain. What actions should you take to intervene?

Provide high flow oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Fundamentals

Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium after circulating through the body.
Angina pectoris is a condition where myocardial oxygen demand surpasses the available oxygen supply.

Heart Electrical Activity

The sinoatrial node is the primary origin of the heart's electrical impulses.
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease may experience chest pain during exertion due to narrowed coronary artery lumens unable to meet increased blood flow needs.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Risk Factors

Uncontrollable risk factors for acute myocardial infarction include family history.
Signs of a hypertensive emergency may be delayed in individuals with chronic hypertension.

Patient Assessment

In cases of acute crushing chest pain with diaphoresis, assessing the adequacy of respirations is crucial.
Notable signs or symptoms combined with implanted cardiac pacemaker malfunction do not typically include a rapid heart rate.

Emergency Response Protocols

When dealing with a patient in cardiac arrest wearing an external defibrillator vest, remove the battery before taking off the vest for effective CPR.
A dissected aortic aneurysm occurs when the inner layers of the aorta separate.

Management of Chest Pain

In a patient presenting with chest pressure and hypoxia, administer oxygen and 324 mg of aspirin, while further assessing the patient.
Nitroglycerin should not be given to individuals with a history of head injury.

ECG Preparation

For a 12-lead ECG, place the "LL" and "RL" electrodes on the thighs or ankles.

Monitoring Devices

Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) may have experienced an acute myocardial infarction.
Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) should be used on children ages 1 month to 8 years with appropriate pediatric pads and energy-reducing devices available.

AED Functionality and Procedures

Most AEDs adjust voltage according to body impedance, which represents resistance to electrical flow.
After delivering a shock with an AED, immediately resume CPR to ensure high-quality life-saving efforts.

Initial Response to Cardiac Arrest

Upon arriving at a scene with a collapsed unresponsive individual, commence high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay.
Before attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, ensure the chest is dry to facilitate effective pad adhesion.

Signs of Heart Failure

Dependent edema is a common observation in patients suffering from right-sided heart failure.
The pulmonary veins are unique in the body as they exclusively carry oxygenated blood.

Angina and Cardiogenic Shock

Angina refers to the intermittent pain caused when heart tissues momentarily lack oxygen.
Cardiogenic shock can manifest within 24 hours following an acute myocardial infarction.

Patient Vital Signs

In cases where a patient continues to experience chest pain despite medication, providing high-flow oxygen is a priority action.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 16 of RapidEMT. Each card focuses on important terms and definitions related to cardiovascular health and emergency medical response. Perfect for quick revision and self-assessment.