RANKL and Osteoclastogenesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

  • Bone matrix synthesis and mineralization
  • Resorption of bone (correct)
  • Differentiation of osteoblasts
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism

What is the role of sclerostin in bone remodeling?

  • Inhibition of osteoclast formation and activity
  • Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and function (correct)
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism
  • Promotion of osteoblast differentiation and function

What is the function of RANKL in bone remodeling?

  • Regulation of osteoblast activity
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism
  • Promotion of osteoclast formation and activity (correct)
  • Inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis

What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

<p>Regulation of phosphate metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NF-κB in bone remodeling?

<p>Transcription factor regulating osteoclastogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

<p>Inhibition of osteoclast formation and activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoprotegerin in osteoclastogenesis?

<p>It acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and inhibits osteoclastogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoclastogenesis?

<p>It increases the production of RANKL and promotes osteoclastogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts?

<p>It is involved in the secretion of acid and enzymes into the resorption area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

<p>pH ≤ 4.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

<p>It is a NF-κB activator that promotes osteoclastogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclasts?

<p>It directly inhibits bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in bone mineralization?

<p>To hydrolyze PPi to regulate the Pi/PPi ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT a receptor expressed by osteoblasts?

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclastic bone resorption?

<p>Through the expression of RANKL and OPG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the initial scaffold for mineralization?

<p>Osteopontin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of phosphate for hydroxyapatite deposition?

<p>Intestinal absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANK in osteoclastic bone resorption?

<p>It is a receptor expressed by osteoclasts to receive signals from osteoblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of compact bone is renewed annually in a typical healthy adult?

<p>4% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hormone that affects bone remodeling?

<p>Insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

<p>Synthesis and maintenance of bone matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glycoprotein contains the RGD tripeptide, promoting bone cell attachment to bone matrix?

<p>Fibronectin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone tissue?

<p>Bone remodeling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme activity is necessary for mineralization of bone matrix?

<p>Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of metabolic bone diseases?

<p>Increased bone density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in osteoclastic bone resorption?

<p>Production of H+ ions and H/K+ ATPase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

<p>Bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of elastic cartilage?

<p>Presence of elastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

<p>Production and degradation of collagen and proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bone sialoprotein in bone matrix?

<p>To regulate calcium deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is NOT synthesized by osteoblasts?

<p>Albumin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of γ-carboxylation in bone protein modification?

<p>To enhance calcium binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of crystalline hydroxyapatite in bone?

<p>To provide strength and resilience to bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in bone formation?

<p>To influence cellular proliferation and differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is NOT a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

<p>Cl- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of versican in bone formation?

<p>To delineate areas destined to become bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of bone protein mass accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

<p>10-15% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of type I collagen in bone?

<p>To provide strength and resilience to bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is a major glycoprotein in bone?

<p>Alkaline phosphatase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of bone tissue that provides strength and resilience?

<p>Crystalline hydroxyapatite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of bone protein mass is accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

<p>10-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the early stages of bone formation?

<p>Versican (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that enhances Ca binding in bone proteins?

<p>Gamma-carboxylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major protein component of bone tissue?

<p>Type I collagen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

<p>Ca2+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone tissue?

<p>Bone mineralization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteoglycans is expressed in newly forming bone?

<p>Biglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are osteocytes and bone lining cells?

<p>Terminally differentiated osteoblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteocytes in the maintenance of the bone matrix?

<p>Maintenance of bone matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in the regulation of bone remodeling?

<p>Promotion of osteoclast recruitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in regulating osteoclastic bone resorption?

<p>To generate Pi by using nucleoside triphosphates and PPi as substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

<p>Role in phosphate metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of osteoclasts?

<p>Multinucleated giant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is involved in the initial stages of mineralization?

<p>Acidic phosphoproteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of M-CSF in osteoclast development?

<p>Potentiation of RANKL effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

<p>To stimulate the formation of osteoclasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Pi for hydroxyapatite deposition?

<p>Intestinal absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

<p>Regulation of osteoclast function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PPi in bone mineralization?

<p>To inhibit the formation of hydroxyapatite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of osteocyte apoptosis in response to skeletal microdamage?

<p>Release of apoptotic bodies expressing RANKL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is NOT a receptor expressed on osteoblasts?

<p>RANKL receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

<p>To inhibit the formation of osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

<p>To synthesize and secrete bone matrix proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RANK ligands?

<p>Activating osteoclasts to promote bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of osteoprotegerin on osteoclastogenesis?

<p>It decreases osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANKL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone remodeling?

<p>It inhibits osteoclasts to reduce bone resorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

<p>pH ≤ 4.0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in osteoclasts?

<p>It aids in bone resorption by breaking down bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PTH on osteoclasts?

<p>It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of integrin-mediated binding in osteoclasts?

<p>It aids in bone resorption by attaching osteoclasts to bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on osteoclasts?

<p>It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying metabolic bone diseases?

<p>Partial uncoupling or imbalance between bone resorption and formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteoglycans in cartilage?

<p>Enhancing compressibility and deformability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

<p>Hyaluronic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of hyaline cartilage?

<p>Presence of type II collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

<p>Producing and degrading collagen and proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cartilage obtains its nutrients?

<p>Via synovial fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

<p>Resorbing old bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of matrix metalloproteinases in bone remodeling?

<p>Breaking down collagen and proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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