RANKL and Osteoclastogenesis

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Resorption of bone

What is the role of sclerostin in bone remodeling?

Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and function

What is the function of RANKL in bone remodeling?

Promotion of osteoclast formation and activity

What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

Regulation of phosphate metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NF-κB in bone remodeling?

Transcription factor regulating osteoclastogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

Inhibition of osteoclast formation and activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoprotegerin in osteoclastogenesis?

It acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and inhibits osteoclastogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoclastogenesis?

It increases the production of RANKL and promotes osteoclastogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts?

It is involved in the secretion of acid and enzymes into the resorption area Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

pH ≤ 4.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

It is a NF-κB activator that promotes osteoclastogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclasts?

It directly inhibits bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in bone mineralization?

To hydrolyze PPi to regulate the Pi/PPi ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is NOT a receptor expressed by osteoblasts?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclastic bone resorption?

Through the expression of RANKL and OPG Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the initial scaffold for mineralization?

Osteopontin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of phosphate for hydroxyapatite deposition?

Intestinal absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANK in osteoclastic bone resorption?

It is a receptor expressed by osteoclasts to receive signals from osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of compact bone is renewed annually in a typical healthy adult?

4% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hormone that affects bone remodeling?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Synthesis and maintenance of bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which glycoprotein contains the RGD tripeptide, promoting bone cell attachment to bone matrix?

Fibronectin Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone tissue?

Bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme activity is necessary for mineralization of bone matrix?

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of metabolic bone diseases?

Increased bone density Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in osteoclastic bone resorption?

Production of H+ ions and H/K+ ATPase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

Bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of elastic cartilage?

Presence of elastin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

Production and degradation of collagen and proteoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bone sialoprotein in bone matrix?

To regulate calcium deposition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is NOT synthesized by osteoblasts?

Albumin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of γ-carboxylation in bone protein modification?

To enhance calcium binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of crystalline hydroxyapatite in bone?

To provide strength and resilience to bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in bone formation?

To influence cellular proliferation and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is NOT a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

Cl- Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of versican in bone formation?

To delineate areas destined to become bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of bone protein mass accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of type I collagen in bone?

To provide strength and resilience to bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is a major glycoprotein in bone?

Alkaline phosphatase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of bone tissue that provides strength and resilience?

Crystalline hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of bone protein mass is accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

10-15% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is involved in the early stages of bone formation?

Versican Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that enhances Ca binding in bone proteins?

Gamma-carboxylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the major protein component of bone tissue?

Type I collagen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

Ca2+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone tissue?

Bone mineralization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteoglycans is expressed in newly forming bone?

Biglycan Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are osteocytes and bone lining cells?

Terminally differentiated osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteocytes in the maintenance of the bone matrix?

Maintenance of bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in the regulation of bone remodeling?

Promotion of osteoclast recruitment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in regulating osteoclastic bone resorption?

To generate Pi by using nucleoside triphosphates and PPi as substrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

Role in phosphate metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of osteoclasts?

Multinucleated giant cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is involved in the initial stages of mineralization?

Acidic phosphoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of M-CSF in osteoclast development?

Potentiation of RANKL effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

To stimulate the formation of osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Pi for hydroxyapatite deposition?

Intestinal absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

Regulation of osteoclast function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PPi in bone mineralization?

To inhibit the formation of hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of osteocyte apoptosis in response to skeletal microdamage?

Release of apoptotic bodies expressing RANKL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is NOT a receptor expressed on osteoblasts?

RANKL receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

To inhibit the formation of osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

To synthesize and secrete bone matrix proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RANK ligands?

Activating osteoclasts to promote bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of osteoprotegerin on osteoclastogenesis?

It decreases osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANKL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone remodeling?

It inhibits osteoclasts to reduce bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

pH ≤ 4.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in osteoclasts?

It aids in bone resorption by breaking down bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PTH on osteoclasts?

It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of integrin-mediated binding in osteoclasts?

It aids in bone resorption by attaching osteoclasts to bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on osteoclasts?

It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying metabolic bone diseases?

Partial uncoupling or imbalance between bone resorption and formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteoglycans in cartilage?

Enhancing compressibility and deformability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

Hyaluronic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of hyaline cartilage?

Presence of type II collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

Producing and degrading collagen and proteoglycans Signup and view all the answers

RANKL and Osteoclastogenesis

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

What is the role of sclerostin in bone remodeling?

What is the function of RANKL in bone remodeling?

What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

What is the role of NF-κB in bone remodeling?

What is the function of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

What is the role of osteoprotegerin in osteoclastogenesis?

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoclastogenesis?

What is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts?

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclasts?

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in bone mineralization?

Which of the following hormones is NOT a receptor expressed by osteoblasts?

What is the primary mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclastic bone resorption?

Which of the following proteins is involved in the initial scaffold for mineralization?

What is the primary source of phosphate for hydroxyapatite deposition?

What is the role of RANK in osteoclastic bone resorption?

What percentage of compact bone is renewed annually in a typical healthy adult?

Which of the following is NOT a hormone that affects bone remodeling?

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Which glycoprotein contains the RGD tripeptide, promoting bone cell attachment to bone matrix?

What is the name of the process by which old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone tissue?

Which enzyme activity is necessary for mineralization of bone matrix?

Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of metabolic bone diseases?

What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in osteoclastic bone resorption?

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

What is the characteristic feature of elastic cartilage?

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

What is the primary function of bone sialoprotein in bone matrix?

Which of the following proteins is NOT synthesized by osteoblasts?

What is the role of γ-carboxylation in bone protein modification?

What is the function of crystalline hydroxyapatite in bone?

What is the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in bone formation?

Which of the following ions is NOT a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

What is the function of versican in bone formation?

What is the percentage of bone protein mass accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

What is the primary function of type I collagen in bone?

Which of the following proteins is a major glycoprotein in bone?

What is the primary component of bone tissue that provides strength and resilience?

What percentage of bone protein mass is accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

Which of the following proteins is involved in the early stages of bone formation?

What is the process that enhances Ca binding in bone proteins?

What is the major protein component of bone tissue?

Which of the following ions is a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

What is the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone tissue?

Which of the following proteoglycans is expressed in newly forming bone?

What type of cells are osteocytes and bone lining cells?

What is the function of osteocytes in the maintenance of the bone matrix?

What is the role of RANKL in the regulation of bone remodeling?

What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in regulating osteoclastic bone resorption?

What is the function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

What is the characteristic feature of osteoclasts?

Which of the following molecules is involved in the initial stages of mineralization?

What is the role of M-CSF in osteoclast development?

What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

What is the primary source of Pi for hydroxyapatite deposition?

What is the primary function of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

What is the function of PPi in bone mineralization?

What is the outcome of osteocyte apoptosis in response to skeletal microdamage?

Which of the following molecules is NOT a receptor expressed on osteoblasts?

What is the role of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

What is the primary function of RANK ligands?

What is the effect of osteoprotegerin on osteoclastogenesis?

What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone remodeling?

What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

What is the function of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in osteoclasts?

What is the effect of PTH on osteoclasts?

What is the role of integrin-mediated binding in osteoclasts?

What is the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on osteoclasts?

What is the primary mechanism underlying metabolic bone diseases?

What is the role of proteoglycans in cartilage?

What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

What is the characteristic feature of hyaline cartilage?

What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

What is the primary mechanism by which cartilage obtains its nutrients?