RANKL and Osteoclastogenesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

  • Bone matrix synthesis and mineralization
  • Resorption of bone (correct)
  • Differentiation of osteoblasts
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism

    • What is the role of sclerostin in bone remodeling?

  • Inhibition of osteoclast formation and activity
  • Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and function (correct)
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism
  • Promotion of osteoblast differentiation and function

    • What is the function of RANKL in bone remodeling?

  • Regulation of osteoblast activity
  • Regulation of phosphate metabolism
  • Promotion of osteoclast formation and activity (correct)
  • Inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis

    • What is the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

    <p>Regulation of phosphate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NF-κB in bone remodeling?

    <p>Transcription factor regulating osteoclastogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

    <p>Inhibition of osteoclast formation and activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of osteoprotegerin in osteoclastogenesis?

    <p>It acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and inhibits osteoclastogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoclastogenesis?

    <p>It increases the production of RANKL and promotes osteoclastogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts?

    <p>It is involved in the secretion of acid and enzymes into the resorption area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

    <p>pH ≤ 4.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

    <p>It is a NF-κB activator that promotes osteoclastogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclasts?

    <p>It directly inhibits bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in bone mineralization?

    <p>To hydrolyze PPi to regulate the Pi/PPi ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is NOT a receptor expressed by osteoblasts?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclastic bone resorption?

    <p>Through the expression of RANKL and OPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is involved in the initial scaffold for mineralization?

    <p>Osteopontin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of phosphate for hydroxyapatite deposition?

    <p>Intestinal absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RANK in osteoclastic bone resorption?

    <p>It is a receptor expressed by osteoclasts to receive signals from osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of compact bone is renewed annually in a typical healthy adult?

    <p>4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hormone that affects bone remodeling?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

    <p>Synthesis and maintenance of bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycoprotein contains the RGD tripeptide, promoting bone cell attachment to bone matrix?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone tissue?

    <p>Bone remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme activity is necessary for mineralization of bone matrix?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT a characteristic of metabolic bone diseases?

    <p>Increased bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in osteoclastic bone resorption?

    <p>Production of H+ ions and H/K+ ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of elastic cartilage?

    <p>Presence of elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Production and degradation of collagen and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bone sialoprotein in bone matrix?

    <p>To regulate calcium deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is NOT synthesized by osteoblasts?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of γ-carboxylation in bone protein modification?

    <p>To enhance calcium binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of crystalline hydroxyapatite in bone?

    <p>To provide strength and resilience to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in bone formation?

    <p>To influence cellular proliferation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is NOT a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

    <p>Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of versican in bone formation?

    <p>To delineate areas destined to become bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of bone protein mass accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of type I collagen in bone?

    <p>To provide strength and resilience to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is a major glycoprotein in bone?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of bone tissue that provides strength and resilience?

    <p>Crystalline hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of bone protein mass is accounted for by noncollagenous proteins?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteins is involved in the early stages of bone formation?

    <p>Versican</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that enhances Ca binding in bone proteins?

    <p>Gamma-carboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major protein component of bone tissue?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is a component of crystalline hydroxyapatite?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of alkaline phosphatase in bone tissue?

    <p>Bone mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following proteoglycans is expressed in newly forming bone?

    <p>Biglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are osteocytes and bone lining cells?

    <p>Terminally differentiated osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of osteocytes in the maintenance of the bone matrix?

    <p>Maintenance of bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RANKL in the regulation of bone remodeling?

    <p>Promotion of osteoclast recruitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alkaline phosphatase in regulating osteoclastic bone resorption?

    <p>To generate Pi by using nucleoside triphosphates and PPi as substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone remodeling?

    <p>Role in phosphate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of osteoclasts?

    <p>Multinucleated giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is involved in the initial stages of mineralization?

    <p>Acidic phosphoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M-CSF in osteoclast development?

    <p>Potentiation of RANKL effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RANKL in osteoclastogenesis?

    <p>To stimulate the formation of osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Pi for hydroxyapatite deposition?

    <p>Intestinal absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

    <p>Regulation of osteoclast function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PPi in bone mineralization?

    <p>To inhibit the formation of hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of osteocyte apoptosis in response to skeletal microdamage?

    <p>Release of apoptotic bodies expressing RANKL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is NOT a receptor expressed on osteoblasts?

    <p>RANKL receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of OPG in the RANK-RANKL-OPG system?

    <p>To inhibit the formation of osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone remodeling?

    <p>To synthesize and secrete bone matrix proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RANK ligands?

    <p>Activating osteoclasts to promote bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of osteoprotegerin on osteoclastogenesis?

    <p>It decreases osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANKL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of calcitonin in bone remodeling?

    <p>It inhibits osteoclasts to reduce bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal pH for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

    <p>pH ≤ 4.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in osteoclasts?

    <p>It aids in bone resorption by breaking down bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of PTH on osteoclasts?

    <p>It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of integrin-mediated binding in osteoclasts?

    <p>It aids in bone resorption by attaching osteoclasts to bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on osteoclasts?

    <p>It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism underlying metabolic bone diseases?

    <p>Partial uncoupling or imbalance between bone resorption and formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteoglycans in cartilage?

    <p>Enhancing compressibility and deformability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the proteoglycan aggrecan?

    <p>Hyaluronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Presence of type II collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

    <p>Producing and degrading collagen and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cartilage obtains its nutrients?

    <p>Via synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

    <p>Resorbing old bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of matrix metalloproteinases in bone remodeling?

    <p>Breaking down collagen and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

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