PT Fundamentals Week 10 - Lower Quarter Range of Motion Testing (Notes)

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Questions and Answers

What is an important step before beginning the range of motion (ROM) testing?

Ignore the patient's understanding to speed up the process

Begin testing immediately to save time

Perform the testing without confirming contraindications

Gather all necessary equipment and supplies (correct)

Which of the following instruments is NOT used for measuring range of motion (ROM)?

Goniometer

Inclinometer

Sphygmomanometer (correct)

Tapemeasure

What is the primary purpose of explaining the procedure to the patient?

To include the patient in the examination process and confirm understanding (correct)

To ensure compliance without questioning

To take longer than necessary for the examination

To prepare the patient for immediate surgery without testing

What must be assessed when testing range of motion?

Presence of end-feel and/or pain during testing Signup and view all the answers

Which factor must be considered when choosing the size of the goniometer?

Arm length should be comparable to the segment being measured Signup and view all the answers

What does Active Range of Motion (AROM) involve?

Voluntary unassisted muscle contractions producing movement Signup and view all the answers

When should further testing of AROM be considered?

AROM appears limited, painful, or awkward Signup and view all the answers

What is goniometry primarily used for?

To evaluate joint angles and range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What does a painful AROM during testing imply?

Contractile tissues might be affected Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of Range of Motion (ROM)?

Normal Range of Motion (NRM) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about passive range of motion (PROM) testing?

It is conducted without any muscle contraction from the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key indications for performing range of motion testing?

To assess the extent of any limitation in movement Signup and view all the answers

What role do external forces play in Active-Assistive ROM (AAROM)?

They assist the individual’s muscle contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What does PROM measure in terms of joint function?

The arc of motion produced by an external force. Signup and view all the answers

Which end-feel would be considered abnormal when assessing joint motion?

Empty during acute inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Neutral Zero Method used for in measuring ROM?

Setting 0 degrees at anatomical positions for measurement. Signup and view all the answers

Which device is specifically used for measuring spinal movement?

Inclinometer. Signup and view all the answers

How might age influence range of motion (ROM) measurements?

Older age is associated with decreased mobility (hypomobility). Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential indication for using Passive Range of Motion (PROM) testing?

Evaluating joint integrity without patient exertion. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically affect range of motion measurements?

Body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What should a therapist consider regarding contraindications to ROM testing?

Healing processes should be preserved. Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a harder end-feel indicate during joint evaluation?

Possible bony growth or arthritis. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Range of Motion Testing Basic Concepts

Range of Motion (ROM) is the arc of motion possible at a joint. There are three types of ROM.
- Active ROM (AROM) is the arc of motion produced by the individual's voluntary unassisted muscle contraction.
- Active-Assistive ROM (AAROM) is the arc of motion produced by the individual's muscle contraction assisted by an external force.
- Passive ROM (PROM) is the arc of motion produced by the application of an external force by the examiner.
End-feels are sensations detected by the examiner when the joint is at the end of its available PROM. There are three types of end-feels:
- Hard End-feel is defined by bone contacting bone.
- Soft End-feel is defined by soft tissue approximation.
- Firm End-feel is defined by stretch of the tissue, either muscle, capsular, or ligamentous.
Abnormal End-feels are considered abnormal if they occur sooner or later in ROM than expected based on the joint's specific normative end-feel. There are two types of abnormal end-feels:
- Hypomobility occurs sooner than expected and is the result of a restricted range of motion.
- Hypermobility occurs later than expected and is the result of an excessive range of motion.
Goniometry is the measurement of angles created at joints by the bones of the human body. Tools used for goniometry include:
- Goniometer is used to measure joint angles and is available in 180 and 360-degree versions
- Inclinometer is used to measure spinal movement
- Tape Measure is used to measure ROM in centimeters.
- CROM (Cervical Range of Motion) is worn on the head and uses inclinometers to measure cervical ROM in multiple directions.

Range of Motion Testing Procedures

Precautions for ROM Testing
- Pain
- Suspected or confirmed joint dislocation
- Suspected or confirmed joint subluxation
- Unstable bone fracture
- Rupture of a tendon or ligament
- Infectious or acute inflammatory process
- Severe osteoporosis
Contraindications for PROM Testing
- Motion is disruptive to the healing process and could increase tissue damage
- Patient's response or condition is life threatening
Process of Conducting Goniometric Assessment
- Prepare for testing by determining the presence of contraindications or precautions, identifying the joints that need to be tested, and organizing the testing sequence.
- Explain the procedure to the patient, including the purpose of the test, the equipment used, and the process of the assessment. Gain consent from the patient.
- Perform the testing procedure, which consists of:
  - Placing the patient in the recommended testing position.
  - Stabilizing the proximal joint segment.
  - Isolating the motion at the joint to be tested.
  - Moving the distal joint segment.
  - Assessing for end-feel and/or pain.
  - Visually estimating the ROM.
  - Palpating bony anatomical landmarks.
  - Aligning the goniometer.
  - Reading and recording the starting position.
  - Stabilizing the proximal joint segment.
  - Moving the distal segment through full ROM.
  - Replacing and realigning the goniometer.
  - Measuring the difference from the starting position to the end position and recording findings.

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Description

This quiz covers the basic concepts of Range of Motion (ROM), including the distinctions between Active ROM, Active-Assistive ROM, and Passive ROM. Additionally, it explores end-feels and their classifications, aiding in understanding joint mechanics and assessments. Test your knowledge on these essential physiotherapy concepts.