Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primarily influences Active Range of Motion (AROM)?
What primarily influences Active Range of Motion (AROM)?
- Muscle strength, coordination, and willingness to move (correct)
- Flexibility of joints
- Soft tissue elongation
- External manipulations
Which statement about Passive Range of Motion (PROM) is true?
Which statement about Passive Range of Motion (PROM) is true?
- It often results in lower ROM readings than AROM.
- It allows the examiner to manipulate the joint without active effort from the individual. (correct)
- It reflects an individual's functional ability.
- It requires the individual to actively engage their muscles.
What is one advantage of using PROM over AROM?
What is one advantage of using PROM over AROM?
- It provides better insight into functional capacity.
- It can yield higher range of motion readings. (correct)
- It is less subjective in measuring endpoints.
- It requires less manual effort than AROM.
Which endpoint might be considered subjective when measuring PROM?
Which endpoint might be considered subjective when measuring PROM?
What are the components of a Goniometer?
What are the components of a Goniometer?
What is a common mistake when reading a Goniometer?
What is a common mistake when reading a Goniometer?
What type of joint allows the most motion?
What type of joint allows the most motion?
What is the primary function of tendons?
What is the primary function of tendons?
Which of the following does AROM indicate about an individual?
Which of the following does AROM indicate about an individual?
What does PROM highlight in terms of physical assessment?
What does PROM highlight in terms of physical assessment?
What determines the angle of pull for muscle contraction?
What determines the angle of pull for muscle contraction?
Where is the origin of the biceps brachii?
Where is the origin of the biceps brachii?
What is myofascial release primarily used for?
What is myofascial release primarily used for?
Which option describes the function of the aponeurosis?
Which option describes the function of the aponeurosis?
What effect can improper remodeling of fascia have?
What effect can improper remodeling of fascia have?
Which statement about muscle origin and insertion is correct?
Which statement about muscle origin and insertion is correct?
What is the appropriate action to take when measuring elbow flexion with a goniometer?
What is the appropriate action to take when measuring elbow flexion with a goniometer?
Which joint classification is characterized by partial movement and includes the pubic symphysis?
Which joint classification is characterized by partial movement and includes the pubic symphysis?
What is a key feature of diarthrodial joints that distinguishes them from other types?
What is a key feature of diarthrodial joints that distinguishes them from other types?
Which of the following best describes the functional design of hinge joints?
Which of the following best describes the functional design of hinge joints?
What is one of the primary functions of bursa sacs in diarthrodial joints?
What is one of the primary functions of bursa sacs in diarthrodial joints?
Which joint type allows movement in multiple planes and is exemplified by the shoulder joint?
Which joint type allows movement in multiple planes and is exemplified by the shoulder joint?
What is a significant characteristic of synarthrodial joints?
What is a significant characteristic of synarthrodial joints?
What is the main reason healthy cartilage is necessary in diarthrodial joints?
What is the main reason healthy cartilage is necessary in diarthrodial joints?
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement is most beneficial for producing high force?
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement is most beneficial for producing high force?
During a bicep curl, which of the following phases requires the bicep to lengthen while generating tension?
During a bicep curl, which of the following phases requires the bicep to lengthen while generating tension?
Which type of muscle contraction is responsible for holding a weight in a fixed position?
Which type of muscle contraction is responsible for holding a weight in a fixed position?
What is the primary function of an antagonist muscle?
What is the primary function of an antagonist muscle?
Which of the following muscle types is an example of a parallel fiber arrangement?
Which of the following muscle types is an example of a parallel fiber arrangement?
What is the main trade-off associated with pennate fiber arrangement compared to parallel fiber arrangement?
What is the main trade-off associated with pennate fiber arrangement compared to parallel fiber arrangement?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of a stabilizer muscle?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the role of a stabilizer muscle?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of muscle tension development?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the concept of muscle tension development?
Flashcards
What is Active Range of Motion (AROM)?
What is Active Range of Motion (AROM)?
The individual moves voluntarily through the range of motion. You do not manipulate or assist their movement. Influenced by muscle strength, coordination, and willingness to move. Provides information about the person's functional ability.
What is Passive Range of Motion (PROM)?
What is Passive Range of Motion (PROM)?
The examiner moves the individual through the range of motion without their active effort. Often results in higher ROM readings compared to AROM. Limited by soft tissues (muscles, fascia, skin), joint articulations, or other restrictions (e.g., scar tissue, bone-on-bone contact).
What is the Axis of a Goniometer?
What is the Axis of a Goniometer?
The part of a goniometer that rotates at the joint.
What is the Moving Arm of a Goniometer?
What is the Moving Arm of a Goniometer?
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What is the Stationary Arm of a Goniometer?
What is the Stationary Arm of a Goniometer?
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How does PROM ROM compare to AROM?
How does PROM ROM compare to AROM?
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What are some PROM Endpoints?
What are some PROM Endpoints?
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What insights do AROM and PROM provide?
What insights do AROM and PROM provide?
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Angle of Pull
Angle of Pull
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Tendon
Tendon
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Insertion Point
Insertion Point
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Aponeurosis
Aponeurosis
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Fascia
Fascia
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Muscle Origin
Muscle Origin
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Muscle Insertion
Muscle Insertion
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Movement Relationship Insights
Movement Relationship Insights
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What are joints and what determines their movement?
What are joints and what determines their movement?
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What is articulation (arthrosis)?
What is articulation (arthrosis)?
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What are synarthrodial joints?
What are synarthrodial joints?
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What are amphiarthrodial joints?
What are amphiarthrodial joints?
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What are diarthrodial joints?
What are diarthrodial joints?
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What is a joint capsule?
What is a joint capsule?
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What are bursa sacs?
What are bursa sacs?
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What are ligaments?
What are ligaments?
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Parallel Fiber Arrangement
Parallel Fiber Arrangement
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Pennate Fiber Arrangement
Pennate Fiber Arrangement
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Isometric Contraction
Isometric Contraction
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Isotonic Contraction
Isotonic Contraction
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Agonist (Prime Mover)
Agonist (Prime Mover)
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Antagonist
Antagonist
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Stabilizer
Stabilizer
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Tension Development
Tension Development
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Study Notes
Active and Passive Range of Motion (ROM)
-
Active Range of Motion (AROM): The individual moves their body part without assistance. Influenced by muscle strength, coordination, and willingness. Provides information about functional ability.
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Passive Range of Motion (PROM): The examiner moves the body part. Often results in higher ROM readings than AROM because it is not dependent on active muscle effort. Limited by soft tissues, joint articulations, or other restrictions.
Key Points about ROM
- PROM typically gives greater ROM readings than AROM due to lack of active muscle engagement.
- Endpoints for PROM can be subjective and vary according to soft tissue stretch or opposition (e.g., scar tissue, bulk stopping movement) or bone-on-bone contact.
- AROM and PROM provide unique insights: AROM indicates functional capacity and muscle control while PROM highlights joint integrity and soft tissue flexibility and its challenges.
Using a Goniometer
- Parts of a goniometer include: an axis that rotates at the joint, a moving arm aligned with the moving body segment, and a stationary arm aligned with the stationary body segment.
- Goniometers have multiple scales (often red and black numbers) and the starting position dictates which scale to read.
- Ensure the moving arm aligns with the moving segment, while the stationary arm aligns with the stationary segment.
- Common mistakes include misreading scales based on starting positioning or confusing range of motion with the angle between the arms.
Joint Classifications
- Synarthrodial joints: Immovable joints, such as sutures in the skull, and tooth sockets.
- Amphiarthrodial joints: Slightly movable joints, such as pubic symphysis, and intervertebral discs.
- Diarthrodial joints: Freely movable (synovial) joints. Key features include a joint capsule (membrane and fluid), bursa sacs which reduce friction/swelling, and ligaments that stabilize the joint. Healthy cartilage is needed for pain-free motion. types include ball-and-socket (shoulder, hip), and hinge joints (elbow, knee).
Functional Design of Joints
- Hinge joint stability: Prevents excessive motion for efficient and stable movement (e.g., running or lateral movements).
- Ball-and-socket flexibility: Enables wide ranges of motion, critical for multidirectional tasks.
Notes on Muscle Structure and Function
- Muscles enable movement by shortening and pulling on bones at joints. The shortening occurs along the angle of pull, determined by the orientation of muscle fibers.
- Connective tissues involved in movement include:
- Tendons: Connect muscles to bones, crucial for force transmission. Tendons can be shared by multiple muscles. The insertion point of a tendon determines the direction of movement caused by muscle contraction.
- Aponeurosis: A broad, flat sheet of connective tissue, which is an expansion of tendons.
- Fascia: A fibrous sheet that envelops, separates, and binds muscles, organs, and soft tissues. It plays a role in movement patterns but can cause friction or restrictions if improperly remodeled.
Muscle Attachments
- Origin: The proximal attachment (closer to the midline of the body), the least movable part of the muscle.
- Insertion: The distal attachment (farther from the midline), the most movable part of the muscle.
Notes on Muscle Fiber Arrangement and Contraction Types
- Parallel Fiber Arrangement: Fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle, allowing for greater shortening velocity and range of motion.
- Pennate Fiber Arrangement: Fibers align at an oblique angle to the muscle's long axis. This arrangement offers greater force production and more fibers per cross-sectional area but results in reduced range of motion and velocity.
Types of Muscle Contractions
- Isometric contraction: Tension develops without joint movement (e.g., holding a weight).
- Isotonic contraction: Tension develops with joint movement. This can be further categorized into:
- Concentric: Muscle shortens while generating tension (e.g., lifting a weight).
- Eccentric: Muscle lengthens while controlling tension (e.g., lowering a weight).
Roles of Muscles in Movement
- Agonist (Prime Mover): Main muscle causing movement (e.g., biceps during elbow flexion).
- Antagonist: Opposes the agonist's action (e.g., triceps during elbow flexion).
- Stabilizers: Muscles that fixate or stabilize a joint to allow movement in another segment (e.g., hamstrings stabilizing the hip during knee flexion).
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Description
This quiz covers the differences between Active Range of Motion (AROM) and Passive Range of Motion (PROM), including their definitions, key characteristics, and the role of a goniometer in measuring them. Understanding these concepts is crucial for assessing functional ability and joint integrity in rehabilitation settings.
