Range of Motion and Passive Movement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Passive ROM (PROM)?

To completely immobilize a joint or tissue

To facilitate active movement of the segment being exercised

To assist in circulation and reduce edema (correct)

To increase muscle strength through voluntary contraction

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of relaxed passive movement?

Movement through the available range

Regular rhythm

Slow pace

Voluntary muscle contraction (correct)

What is one of the main goals of using Passive ROM?

To strengthen muscles through resistance

To maximize pain during movement

To immobilize joints completely

To maintain unrestricted range of motion (correct)

In which scenario is PROM most beneficial?

In the presence of acute, inflamed tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a potential use for PROM?

To determine joint stability and limitations of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining the extensibility of muscles?

To avoid adaptive shortening and adhesions Signup and view all the answers

What effect does complete immobility have on the body?

Leads to adhesion and contracture formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of passive motion?

Preserves memory of movement patterns Signup and view all the answers

What does range of motion (ROM) primarily refer to?

The amount of movement that occurs at a joint. Signup and view all the answers

What factor is important to monitor during early controlled motion in rehab?

Signs of excessive pain and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to lead to decreased range of motion?

Activity and mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is a contraindication for passive range of motion exercises?

Recent surgery or fractures Signup and view all the answers

How does muscular endurance differ from muscular strength?

Endurance involves repeated contractions against resistance Signup and view all the answers

What effect can soft tissues like ligaments and tendons have on joint motion?

They may become tight or loose, affecting motion availability. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of early, continuous passive range of motion (PROM)?

Faster healing and reduced pain Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of therapeutic range of motion (ROM) activities?

To maintain joint and soft tissue mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What can hypermobility and hypomobility of joints affect?

A patient's ability to perform daily living activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'adaptive shortening' of a muscle?

A muscle changes its resting length to adapt to habitual use Signup and view all the answers

Which type of passive movement is used specifically to break down adhesions?

Passive movement for mobilizing. Signup and view all the answers

Elbow flexion is generally limited by which of the following?

The muscle bulk of the arm against the forearm. Signup and view all the answers

Which joint structure primarily determines the range of movement possible at a joint?

The capsule, ligaments, and tendons. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a therapist to effectively apply passive range of motion (PROM) techniques?

Knowledge of anatomy and muscle function Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured about the patient's positioning during PROM?

Comfortable and supported position with good alignment Signup and view all the answers

How should the therapist conduct the passive movement of a joint?

Slowly and rhythmically through the complete pain-free range Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of the therapist's grasp during PROM?

Firm grasp near the joint to localize the movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the type of motion used in continuous passive movement (CPM)?

Slow, rhythmic, and controlled motion by a device Signup and view all the answers

What does traction during PROM aim to achieve?

To facilitate movement by reducing friction at the joint Signup and view all the answers

During PROM, what should the therapist avoid while moving the joint?

Forcing beyond the available range Signup and view all the answers

How many repetitions of passive movements are typically recommended?

5 to 10 repetitions, depending on patient response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Range of Motion (ROM)

ROM is the amount of movement at a joint.
Tissue flexibility allows tissues (muscles, tendons) to lengthen for normal joint motion.
Joint structure and soft tissue integrity affect ROM.
Maintaining normal ROM requires periodic movement through available ranges.
Decreased ROM can result from disease, injury, inactivity, or immobilization.
Therapeutic ROM activities maintain joint and soft tissue mobility, minimizing contractures.
ROM is limited by joint capsules, ligaments, tendons, bony configuration, and soft tissue bulk.
Joint surface shape dictates movement direction; disease or trauma can alter this.
Hypermobility exceeds normal ROM; hypomobility is less than normal ROM.

Passive Movement (PROM)

PROM is movement produced entirely by external force, without voluntary muscle contraction.
External forces include gravity, machines, another person, or another body part.
Relaxed PROM maintains unrestricted ROM.
PROM for stretching increases restricted ROM to full ROM.
PROM for mobilization breaks down adhesions and increases ROM.
Relaxed PROM characteristics: slow, rhythmic, regular, within available ROM.

Goals of PROM

Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility and unrestricted ROM.
Minimize contractures and adhesion formation.
Maintain muscle mechanical elasticity (ability to return to original length and shape).
Assist circulation and vascular dynamics.
Enhance cartilage nutrition and synovial fluid movement.
Decrease or inhibit pain.
Assist healing after injury or surgery.
Maintain patient’s awareness of movement.
PROM exerts mechanical pressure, stretching thin-walled vessels, assisting venous and lymphatic return, reducing edema.

Indications for PROM

Acutely inflamed tissue (inflammation after injury or surgery usually lasts 2-6 days).
Coma.
Paralysis.
Complete bed rest.
Muscle re-education.

Other Uses for PROM

Examination: determining limitations of motion, joint stability, muscle and soft tissue elasticity.
Demonstrating desired motion during active exercise programs.
Maintaining ROM and muscle extensibility, preventing adaptive shortening and adhesion formation.
Preserving memory of movement patterns in paralysis, stimulating kinesthetic receptors.
When patients can't actively move body segments.
Complete immobility leads to adhesions, contractures, sluggish circulation, and prolonged recovery.

Limitations of Passive Motion

Does not prevent muscle atrophy, increase strength or endurance, or assist circulation as effectively as active muscle contraction.
Muscular strength is maximal voluntary tension or force.
Muscular endurance is ability to perform repeated contractions or maintain isometric contraction.

Contraindications to PROM

Immediately after acute tears, fractures, surgery (recent injury).
Motion disruptive to healing.
Fever.
Acute inflammation.
Increased blood pressure.
Deep venous thrombosis.
Open wounds.
Severe pain.

Precautions for PROM

Early, continuous PROM within pain-free limits benefits healing and recovery.
Controlled motion decreases pain and increases recovery rate.
Monitor patient tolerance; increased pain or inflammation indicates stopping.

Principles and Procedures for Applying PROM

Therapist needs knowledge of anatomy (joint motions, normal ROM, muscle origin/insertion, function).
Explain purpose and method.
Position patient comfortably with proper body alignment, allowing for ROM.
Position yourself for proper body mechanics.
Support body part and grasp comfortably near the joint.
Use both hands to support, grasping above and below.
Grasp should be firm but not harmful.
Apply traction to distal segments to reduce friction.
No active resistance.
Move through pain-free ROM to tissue resistance, not beyond.
Movement direction is the same as active movements.
Relaxed movement is slow and rhythmic, 5-10 repetitions (depending on patient).

Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)

Mechanical device for slow, rhythmic, continuous movement through a controlled ROM.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of Range of Motion (ROM) and Passive Range of Motion (PROM). Understand the factors that influence joint movement, the effects of inactivity, and the importance of therapeutic activities. This quiz will help solidify your understanding of these essential concepts in physical therapy.