96 Questions
What is the primary purpose of performing a Passive Relaxed range of motion (PR ROM) assessment?
To identify how far the joint can be moved pain-free and without resistance
What external force is typically used to achieve the Passive Relaxed ROM?
The candidate's force
What information can be gained by combining the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
The candidate can identify the cause of the patient's joint pain as being in the joint capsule or the muscles crossing the joint
What should the candidate state to the patient before performing the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
The candidate should state the purpose of the assessment and the position the patient will be in.
Which of the following statements about Passive Relaxed ROM is NOT correct?
PR ROM occurs within a restricted range of motion.
What is the first step the candidate should take when performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
State the name of the test and the joint being assessed.
Which muscles should be relaxed during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Only the muscles crossing the joint being tested
What is the primary benefit of combining a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
To determine the root cause of the patient's pain
When performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, the candidate should ensure that the patient is in a position that is:
Comfortable and efficient for the tested joint
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, the candidate should clearly explain to the patient:
Where they will place their hands and how they will move the joint
Which of the following statements about Passive Relaxed ROM is correct?
It occurs within an unrestricted range of motion
In a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, the external force used to move the joint can come from:
Both the candidate's force and another part of the patient's body or gravity
What is the purpose of a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To determine the range of motion without muscle activation
What distinguishes Passive Relaxed ROM from Active Free ROM?
Active Free ROM involves muscle contraction, while Passive Relaxed ROM does not
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, where can the external force used to move the joint come from?
Another part of the patient's body
How does combining Passive Relaxed ROM with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments help in diagnosis?
To differentiate between joint capsule and muscle-related pain
What should the patient expect during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Painless movement by an external force
Where should the candidate position the patient for an efficient Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
In a position comfortable for both patient and joint being tested
What is the primary reason for performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To identify joint range of motion limitations
Where can the external force used to move the joint come from in a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Another part of the patient’s body
Which assessment can help differentiate between joint capsule issues and muscle problems when combined with Passive Relaxed ROM?
Active Free ROM assessment
What should be the most comfortable position for a patient during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Minimal movement
How does a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment differ from an Active Free ROM assessment?
Active Free ROM involves muscle contraction
What information can be gained by combining a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
Narrowing down the source of pain in joint or muscle
What should the candidate do if the exam does not specify a range to be tested during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Test all available ranges
Why should the candidate observe the patient's face during each full range of motion in Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To detect signs of pain or discomfort
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, what should the candidate do if the patient exhibits signs of pain?
Mentally document it as the end range
What is the candidate advised NOT to do if a patient experiences pain during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Apply overpressure
Why should the candidate ask the patient if they are experiencing any pain during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To address any discomfort or pain
What should the candidate do during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment if a grimace is observed on the patient's face?
Address this as a sign of pain
The candidate should test the range of motion bilaterally to compare if there is a difference between the two. If the exam does not indicate a specific range to be tested, then all available ranges should be performed. The joint indicated will determine the ranges that will need to be tested. The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate ______ and must be addressed.
pain
The patient is in the supine position. Assist the patient in the appropriate position. Candidate performing external rotation of the shoulder. The candidate should then proceed to move the joint in a properly supported and stabilized, controlled manner. If the exam does not indicate a specific range to be tested, then all available ranges should be performed. The joint indicated will determine the ranges that will need to be tested. The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate ______ and must be addressed.
pain
Candidate checking in with the patient during PR ROM. The candidate needs to ask the patient if they are experiencing any ______, especially as they reach the end range. If pain is felt, then that should be mentally documented as the end range for the patient. The candidate should NOT apply overpressure in this scenario.
pain
Candidate adding overpressure to determine the ______.
end-feel
The candidate should test the range of motion bilaterally to compare if there is a difference between the two. If the exam does not indicate a specific range to be tested, then all available ranges should be performed. The joint indicated will determine the ranges that will need to be tested. The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate ______ and must be addressed.
pain
The patient is in the supine position. Assist the patient in the appropriate position. Candidate performing external rotation of the shoulder. The candidate should then proceed to move the joint in a properly supported and stabilized, controlled manner. If the exam does not indicate a specific range to be tested, then all available ranges should be performed. The joint indicated will determine the ranges that will need to be tested. The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate ______ and must be addressed.
pain
Bilateral testing of range of motion is not necessary in a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment.
False
If the exam does not specify a range to be tested, only one range should be performed during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment.
False
Applying overpressure is recommended when a patient feels pain during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment.
False
A grimace on the patient's face during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicates comfort and ease.
False
Combining Passive Relaxed ROM with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments does not provide any additional diagnostic value.
False
In Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, overpressure should be applied to determine the end-feel.
True
What does a bony end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate?
A chronic joint pathology such as scar tissue or pathological bony growth
What should the candidate do if the patient experiences pain during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Continue the assessment and document the point of pain as the end range
What does a soft tissue approximation end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate?
A normal end-feel for the joint being tested, depending on the joint
What is the primary purpose of performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To assess the passive range of motion of a joint
What information can be gained by combining a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
Ability to differentiate between joint capsule issues and muscle problems
What should the candidate do if the exam does not specify a range to be tested during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Test all available ranges of motion for the joint indicated
Reduced range due to pain in the joint (empty end-feel) may indicate a joint capsule pathology. Reduced range due to a physical barrier (a springy end-feel or bony end-feel in a joint that would be abnormal) without pain may indicate a more chronic joint pathology such as scar tissue from a previous injury or a pathological bony growth. Reduced range due to a physical barrier with pain may indicate joint capsule pathology and/or musculoskeletal pathology. Types of End-Feels: Firm or Tissue Stretch End-Feel The sensation is firm with an elastic response, and some give. Depending on the joint being tested, this is often a normal end-feel. For example: the GH joint, in all ranges except for adduction. Soft Tissue Approximation The sensation is soft and blocked by tissue or muscle. Depending on the joint being tested, this is very often a normal end-feel. For example: the GH joint in adduction and the knee joint in flexion. Bony End-Feel The sensation is hard with a definitive block by bone and no give. Depending on the joint being tested, this can be a normal end-feel, especially when it is not experienced with pain.
Firm, Soft Tissue, Bony
The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate ______ and must be addressed.
discomfort
Candidate checking in with the patient during PR ROM. The candidate needs to ask the patient if they are experiencing any ______, especially as they reach the end range. If pain is felt, then that should be mentally documented as the end range for the patient. The candidate should NOT apply overpressure in this scenario.
pain
What does a soft tissue approximation end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate?
blocked by tissue or muscle
Where should the candidate position the patient for an efficient Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
supine position
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, where can the external force used to move the joint come from?
candidate
In a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, soft tissue approximation end-feel often indicates a normal end-feel.
True
A bony end-feel during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment always indicates a joint pathology.
False
Reduced range due to pain without an empty end-feel may indicate a more chronic joint pathology.
False
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, applying overpressure when a patient feels pain is recommended.
False
In Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, firm or tissue stretch end-feel is often abnormal.
False
If a patient experiences pain during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, the candidate should mentally document that as the end range for the patient.
True
What does a soft tissue approximation end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate?
A normal end-feel for some joints, such as the GH joint in adduction
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, what should the candidate do if the patient exhibits signs of pain?
Mentally document that as the end range for the patient
What is the primary purpose of performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To determine the presence of any joint pathologies
What information can be gained by combining a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
It provides a more comprehensive evaluation of the patient's joint and muscle function
During a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, where can the external force used to move the joint come from?
From the candidate's hands, the patient's muscle contractions, or a combination of both
What should the candidate do if the exam does not specify a range to be tested during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Test the range of motion bilaterally to compare differences
What should the candidate do if the patient exhibits signs of pain during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Mentally document the range at which pain is felt as the end range
What does a soft tissue approximation end-feel typically indicate during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
A normal end-feel, especially for joints like the shoulder in adduction
What is the primary purpose of performing a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
To identify how far the joint can be moved pain-free, without resistance
What should the candidate do if a grimace is observed on the patient's face during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Address the potential pain or discomfort indicated by the grimace
Which assessment, when combined with Passive Relaxed ROM, can help differentiate between joint capsule issues and muscle problems?
Both Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments
Where can the external force used to move the joint come from in a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
Either the candidate's hands or gravity/weight of the limb
Reduced range due to pain without an empty end-feel may indicate a more chronic joint ______.
pathology
Candidate adding overpressure to determine the ______.
end-feel
Where can the external force used to move the joint come from in a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment?
candidate
In Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, overpressure should be applied to determine the ______.
end-feel
What is the primary benefit of combining a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric ROM assessments?
information
What does a soft tissue approximation end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate?
normal
The purpose of performing a Passive Relaxed range of motion assessment is to identify how far the joint can be moved pain-free, or without resistance, with no muscle activation. Combined with Active Free and Resisted Isometric range of motion assessments, this can help assess whether the cause of your pain is in the joint capsule, the muscles crossing the joint, or both. Positioning: I will have you seated/standing, and I will place my hands on your ________.
arm
I will be moving your shoulder joint in a slow controlled manner in various directions. I want you to keep your arm completely limp. Do not try and help me or move your arm yourself at all. I will not be moving the shoulder past any painful points, so please tell me if there is any pain at all as I move your arm. I will also be performing the most painful or the affected range last. Check In: Do you have any questions about this test before I begin? Is it okay if I proceed with this test? Procedure: I am going to start by moving your arm into ________. Are you experiencing any pain or discomfort?
flexion
The candidate should test the range of motion bilaterally to compare if there is a difference between the two. If the exam does not indicate a specific range to be tested, then all available ranges should be performed. The joint indicated will determine the ranges that will need to be tested. The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate discomfort and must be addressed. What should the candidate do if the exam does not specify a range to be tested during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment? The candidate should test ________.
bilaterally
The candidate should observe the patient’s face as they proceed through each full range. A grimace may indicate discomfort and must be addressed. What should the candidate do during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment if a grimace is observed on the patient's face? The candidate should address the patient's ________.
discomfort
What does a bony end-feel during a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment indicate? A bony end-feel indicates the end of the joint space, suggesting bone contacting bone. It is often a normal end-feel for joints such as the elbow. What should the candidate do if the patient experiences pain during the Passive Relaxed ROM assessment? The candidate should note the patient's ________ as the end range.
pain
Applying overpressure is recommended when a patient feels pain during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment. What external force is typically used to achieve the Passive Relaxed ROM? The external force can come from the candidate's ________.
hands
In a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, firm end-feels are typically observed in the GH joint during flexion and internal rotation.
True
The joint in a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment always reaches its full range in extension.
False
In a Passive Relaxed ROM assessment, reduced range without an empty end-feel may indicate a more chronic joint pathology.
False
Soft tissue approximation end-feels during Passive Relaxed ROM assessments are often abnormal.
False
Applying overpressure is recommended when a patient feels pain during Passive Relaxed ROM assessment to determine the bony end-feel.
False
The external force used to move the joint in a Passive Relaxed ROM can come from both internal and external sources.
True
In a Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment for the glenohumeral joint, the purpose is to identify how far the joint can be moved with muscle activation.
False
Soft tissue approximation end-feel during a Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment often indicates an abnormality.
False
Combining Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment with Active Free and Resisted Isometric assessments does not provide any additional diagnostic value.
False
In a Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment, applying overpressure is recommended when a patient feels pain.
False
A bony end-feel during Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment always indicates a joint pathology.
False
During a Passive Relaxed Range of Motion assessment, the candidate should apply overpressure to determine the end-feel.
False
Explore the concept of Passive Relaxed Range of Motion (PR ROM) which involves moving a joint using an external force without activating the surrounding muscles. Learn about executing a PR ROM assessment in a clinical setting.
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