Ramelteon and Circadian Rhythms
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of ramelteon?

  • GABAergic neurotransmission enhancer
  • Dual orexin receptor antagonist
  • Melatonin receptor agonist (correct)
  • Melatonin receptor antagonist
  • Which peptide is involved in the control of wakefulness and targeted by suvorexant?

  • Dopamine C
  • Orexin B (correct)
  • Serotonin D
  • Melatonin A
  • Which neurotransmission does ramelteon not directly affect?

  • Cholinergic
  • GABAergic (correct)
  • Dopaminergic
  • Serotonergic
  • What is the primary indication for ramelteon?

    <p>Insomnia characterized by difficulty in sleep-onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circadian rhythm disturbances is ramelteon effective for treating?

    <p>Jet lag or work-shift sleep disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of ramelteon?

    <p>Nightmares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the teratogenicity category for most barbiturates?

    <p>Category D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine antagonist has a short half-life due to rapid hepatic clearance?

    <p>Flumazenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of teratogenicity, what category are Ramelteon, Zaleplon, and Zolpidem classified under?

    <p>Category C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can enhance CNS depression when used concomitantly with sedative-hypnotics?

    <p>Antihypertensive agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main MOA of Flumazenil when used as an antagonist?

    <p>High affinity to benzodiazepine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class does Flumazenil specifically block the effects of?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the active S enantiomer of zopiclone with a longer half-life and causes less amnesia or day-after somnolence?

    <p>Eszopiclone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for Eszopiclone?

    <p>Long-term management of insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class does Zolpidem belong to?

    <p>Hypnotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Ramelteon?

    <p>Acts on MT1 receptors to promote sleep onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is part of the withdrawal syndrome associated with Zolpidem?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the brain, what role do Melatonin and Orexin play in regulating sleep?

    <p>Melatonin promotes sleep onset while Orexin shifts circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

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