Railnet LAN Architecture Quiz
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What type of switch should the core switch be in the Railnet LAN Architecture?

  • Layer 2 switch
  • Layer 4 switch
  • Layer 3 switch (correct)
  • Layer 1 switch

    • Which feature is NOT a minimum requirement for Layer 2 switches in the Railnet LAN?

  • DHCP snooping
  • VLANs
  • MAC address authentication
  • Supported IPv6 addressing (correct)

    • What type of cabling should be used for connectivity between user nodes and the distribution/access switch?

  • Coaxial cable
  • Fiber optic cable
  • Cat-6 UTP cable/OFC (correct)
  • Cat-5 UTP cable

    • How many computers should normally be present in a single VLAN to limit the Ethernet broadcast domain?

    <p>70-100 computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is recommended to manage MAC address tables in switches?

    <p>DHCP snooping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides redundancy for DHCP servers in the network?

    <p>Two DHCP servers with disjoint sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ports should the distribution switch have for connectivity to the Layer 3 switch?

    <p>SFP based optical ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be configured as the root bridge in the Railnet LAN switches?

    <p>Layer 3 core switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when multiple Layer 2 switches are present at one location?

    <p>They must be stacked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Layer 3 switches play in a VLAN environment?

    <p>They act as gateways for the nodes in each VLAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should load balancing be configured between two Layer 3 switches?

    <p>Each switch should handle an equal number of VLANs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol should be configured between Layer 3 switches for redundancy?

    <p>VRRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What network does the PRS network support?

    <p>Issuing reserved tickets to railway passengers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the FOIS network?

    <p>To operate Freight Operation Information System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What routing protocol does the FOIS network use?

    <p>OSPF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the Unified Ticketing Network (UTN)?

    <p>It spans all stations where ticketing occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mesh architecture in data networks for Railway operations?

    <p>To provide 100% availability at core levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired availability at the access level for data devices in the network?

    <p>99.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can improve network path protection?

    <p>Implementing equipment redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is NOT typically included in the data network for Railway operations?

    <p>Fire Extinguishers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for new network devices added at existing locations?

    <p>Ability to adapt existing network components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is crucial for protecting channels utilized from public networks in the communication system?

    <p>Provision of alternative paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of UPSs in the network discussed?

    <p>To maintain power during outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much spare equipment should be planned for items like modems and switches in the network?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for changing the passwords of routers and servers?

    <p>Once every month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the configuration files of routers be stored in softcopy?

    <p>To facilitate easy restoration during emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proper housekeeping procedure should be followed regarding event and performance logs?

    <p>They should be cleared at specified intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should NOT be taken when the router's power supply is ON?

    <p>Changing the V.35 Data cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an appropriate measure for protecting cables from rodents?

    <p>Running them through false flooring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

    <p>To extend a private network across a public network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Railnet's network speeds is true?

    <p>Railnet operates at speeds ranging from 20Mbps to 300Mbps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which security measures are implemented when Railnet connects to the Internet?

    <p>Employing suitable firewalls along with other security devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of architecture is Railnet built upon?

    <p>An L3 VPN over MPLS infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of applications running on a VPN?

    <p>They gain the functionality and management of the private network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected minimum connectivity for future IP networks at the distribution level?

    <p>2 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can zonal railways adjust their bandwidth on Railnet?

    <p>By increasing or decreasing bandwidth based on demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is included in the Railnet setup at zonal and divisional HQs?

    <p>UTM / Firewall for security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does a firewall primarily serve in network security?

    <p>First line of defense at the network perimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of UTM (Unified Threat Management)?

    <p>Incorporation of multiple security features in one device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main tasks performed by a Network Management System (NMS)?

    <p>Diagnoses network health and issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the NMS utilize SNMP protocol?

    <p>To monitor and manage network devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of intrusion detection and prevention systems?

    <p>Detection and dropping of suspected packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the policy for network access control require?

    <p>Approval by PCSTE and periodic reviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Network Administrators with respect to the NMS?

    <p>To exercise total control over the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In network management systems, what does traffic logging allow for?

    <p>Detailed analysis of network devices from a central server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter XV: Data Network

    • Data network interconnects data processing devices enabling data transfer
    • Indian Railways has three major networks: Railnet, Unified Ticketing Network (UTN), and FOIS network
    • Special purpose networks are also established for monitoring CCTV, VoIP communication, etc.
    • Various applications operate on these networks, with new ones anticipated
    • Key applications include Passenger Reservation System (PRS) & Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS), Freight Operations Information System (FOIS), Coaching Operations Information System (COIS), Control Office Automation (COA), and Crew Management System (CMS)
    • Other applications: Material Management Information System (MMIS), Integrated Coaching Management System (ICMS), Parcel Management System (PMS), Time Table Management System (Satsang), Software for Electric Locomotive Asset Management (SLAM), E-procurement System, Integrated Material Management System (iMMS), Locomotive Management System (LMS), Health Management Information System (HMIS), e-Office, Track Management System (TMS), Railway Land Management System, RPF Security Management System (RSMS), and more
    • Data networks can support other services like Video Conferencing, Data Conferencing, VOIP, IVRS, Disaster Management, Office Automation, etc.

    Railway Networks

    • Railway applications primarily run on Railways' Private Network (Railway network) for general purpose
    • Railnet utilizes bandwidth from RailTel Corporation of India (RCIL) or leased from companies like BSNL, or other service providers
    • Railnet can also connect to public networks (like the internet) via VPN solutions for better security
    • RailNet is a wide area intranet of Indian Railways

    Communication Media

    • Data networks use various communication media like Optical Fiber Cable (OFC), GSM-R/LTE, IP Radio links, VSAT, and twisted-pair copper for last-mile connectivity.
    • Optical Fiber Cable/Cat 6 cabling is used for local area networks (LANs)

    Network Speeds

    • Earlier networks were non-IP based, operating at 9.6 Kbps, later upgraded to 64 Kbps.
    • Current networks are predominantly IP-based, with speeds of 2 Mbps at the core and access levels. Some access links maintain 64 Kbps.
    • Future planning prioritizes at least 2 Mbps connectivity for distribution and nX2 Mbps for core levels. Ethernet links are favoured for improved fibre connectivity in data networks.

    Network Topology & Architecture

    • Railnet is structured as an L3 VPN over MPLS established by RCIL.
    • Each Zone and Division are connected to an RCIL MPLS router with varying bandwidth (20 Mbps to 300 Mbps) allowing each area to increase or decrease its bandwidth as necessary.
    • Railnet setups at zonal and divisional headquarters include Railnet routers designed for high availability and L3 switches with 1+1 redundancy.

    Unified Ticketing Network (UTN)

    • UTN is responsible for issuing reserved and unreserved railway tickets
    • It is an IP network covering all stations with ticketing services, arranged in a tiered network architecture.
    • It utilizes the OSPF routing protocol for efficient division routing that is coordinated across multiple geographic regions

    FOIS Network

    • FOIS is a data network for operating Freight Operation Information System.
    • It handles train operations and various systems, including Integrated Coach Management System, Crew Management System, Parcel Management System, and Control Office Applications.
    • FOIS is another IP network that covers Indian railway stations and operates using the OSPF routing protocol, similar to the UTN

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the specifics of Railnet LAN Architecture. This quiz covers important aspects such as switch types, cabling requirements, VLAN configurations, and redundancy protocols. Ideal for students and professionals in network design.

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