Railnet LAN Architecture Quiz
45 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of switch should the core switch be in the Railnet LAN Architecture?

  • Layer 2 switch
  • Layer 4 switch
  • Layer 3 switch (correct)
  • Layer 1 switch

Which feature is NOT a minimum requirement for Layer 2 switches in the Railnet LAN?

  • DHCP snooping
  • VLANs
  • MAC address authentication
  • Supported IPv6 addressing (correct)

What type of cabling should be used for connectivity between user nodes and the distribution/access switch?

  • Coaxial cable
  • Fiber optic cable
  • Cat-6 UTP cable/OFC (correct)
  • Cat-5 UTP cable

How many computers should normally be present in a single VLAN to limit the Ethernet broadcast domain?

<p>70-100 computers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is recommended to manage MAC address tables in switches?

<p>DHCP snooping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides redundancy for DHCP servers in the network?

<p>Two DHCP servers with disjoint sets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ports should the distribution switch have for connectivity to the Layer 3 switch?

<p>SFP based optical ports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be configured as the root bridge in the Railnet LAN switches?

<p>Layer 3 core switch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required when multiple Layer 2 switches are present at one location?

<p>They must be stacked. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Layer 3 switches play in a VLAN environment?

<p>They act as gateways for the nodes in each VLAN. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should load balancing be configured between two Layer 3 switches?

<p>Each switch should handle an equal number of VLANs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protocol should be configured between Layer 3 switches for redundancy?

<p>VRRP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What network does the PRS network support?

<p>Issuing reserved tickets to railway passengers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the FOIS network?

<p>To operate Freight Operation Information System. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What routing protocol does the FOIS network use?

<p>OSPF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the Unified Ticketing Network (UTN)?

<p>It spans all stations where ticketing occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mesh architecture in data networks for Railway operations?

<p>To provide 100% availability at core levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the desired availability at the access level for data devices in the network?

<p>99.9% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can improve network path protection?

<p>Implementing equipment redundancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is NOT typically included in the data network for Railway operations?

<p>Fire Extinguishers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for new network devices added at existing locations?

<p>Ability to adapt existing network components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is crucial for protecting channels utilized from public networks in the communication system?

<p>Provision of alternative paths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UPSs in the network discussed?

<p>To maintain power during outages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much spare equipment should be planned for items like modems and switches in the network?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for changing the passwords of routers and servers?

<p>Once every month (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the configuration files of routers be stored in softcopy?

<p>To facilitate easy restoration during emergencies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proper housekeeping procedure should be followed regarding event and performance logs?

<p>They should be cleared at specified intervals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should NOT be taken when the router's power supply is ON?

<p>Changing the V.35 Data cable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an appropriate measure for protecting cables from rodents?

<p>Running them through false flooring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

<p>To extend a private network across a public network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Railnet's network speeds is true?

<p>Railnet operates at speeds ranging from 20Mbps to 300Mbps. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which security measures are implemented when Railnet connects to the Internet?

<p>Employing suitable firewalls along with other security devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of architecture is Railnet built upon?

<p>An L3 VPN over MPLS infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of applications running on a VPN?

<p>They gain the functionality and management of the private network. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected minimum connectivity for future IP networks at the distribution level?

<p>2 Mbps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can zonal railways adjust their bandwidth on Railnet?

<p>By increasing or decreasing bandwidth based on demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is included in the Railnet setup at zonal and divisional HQs?

<p>UTM / Firewall for security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a firewall primarily serve in network security?

<p>First line of defense at the network perimeter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of UTM (Unified Threat Management)?

<p>Incorporation of multiple security features in one device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main tasks performed by a Network Management System (NMS)?

<p>Diagnoses network health and issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the NMS utilize SNMP protocol?

<p>To monitor and manage network devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of intrusion detection and prevention systems?

<p>Detection and dropping of suspected packets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the policy for network access control require?

<p>Approval by PCSTE and periodic reviews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Network Administrators with respect to the NMS?

<p>To exercise total control over the network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In network management systems, what does traffic logging allow for?

<p>Detailed analysis of network devices from a central server (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

VPN

A secure way to extend a private network across a public network, like the Internet, using encryption.

IP based network

A type of network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for communication, typically offering speeds of 2 Mbps at core and access levels.

Railnet

The core network infrastructure of the Indian Railways, built as a Layer 3 VPN (Virtual Private Network) utilizing the MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) technology of Railtel Corporation of India Limited (RCIL).

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)

A method of transmitting data packets through a network by using labels instead of traditional IP addresses. This allows for faster and more efficient routing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Availability (HA)

A secure network connection that provides high availability, ensuring continuous operation even if one component fails.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UTM/Firewall

A set of devices and software that filter network traffic, blocking unauthorized access and protecting the network from cyber threats.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DNS cache server

A server responsible for caching DNS (Domain Name System) records, reducing the time needed to resolve domain names to IP addresses, improving web browsing speed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Management Server

A server responsible for managing and monitoring the network, keeping track of devices, traffic flow, and performance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Router Configuration Backup

Regularly back up router configurations to avoid downtime in case of emergencies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proper Shutdown Procedure

Always shut down datacom equipment using the proper procedure to prevent damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Never Use Water for Cleaning

Never use water to clean equipment rooms to prevent electrical hazards and damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Store Router Configuration Files

Store the configuration files of routers in a safe location for easy access in case of emergency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Regular Password Changes

Change router and server passwords regularly to enhance security.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Railnet LAN Architecture

A network architecture used in Indian Railways for their LAN, following a hierarchical structure with a Layer 3 core switch, Layer 2 distribution/access switches, and user nodes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Layer 3 switch

A network device that operates on Layer 3 of the OSI model, handling routing and interconnecting different networks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Layer 2 switch

A network device that operates on Layer 2 of the OSI model, handling data forwarding based on MAC addresses within the same network.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RSTP/MSTP

A protocol used to provide redundancy and loop prevention in a network with multiple switches by electing a single root bridge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DHCP server

A service used to provide IP addresses to devices in a network. DHCP servers should be configured in redundancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DHCP snooping

A security feature that prevents unauthorized DHCP servers from providing IP addresses to devices in a network.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MAC address authentication

A method to authenticate devices by verifying their MAC addresses through a centralized Radius server.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stacking

A protocol that allows multiple switches to act as a single unit, increasing bandwidth and performance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)

A technology that ensures network redundancy by having multiple devices perform the same function, allowing one to take over if another fails.

Signup and view all the flashcards

LAN (Local Area Network)

A network architecture that allows multiple devices to communicate directly with each other, potentially within the same building or campus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A large network spanning a wide geographical area, often using multiple technologies like fiber optic cables and satellite links.

Signup and view all the flashcards

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

A protocol that ensures data is routed efficiently across a complex network by learning and adapting to network conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

PRS Network

A network used for issuing reserved train tickets to passengers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UTS Network

A network used for issuing unreserved train tickets to passengers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

FOIS Station Network Arrangement

The arrangement of network devices in a station, typically including a firewall, switch, and FOIS PC, connected to a router via a WAN connection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesh Architecture

A network topology that provides multiple paths for data transmission, ensuring that data can still flow even if one path fails.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Path Protection

The practice of ensuring network availability by providing redundant paths and equipment, minimizing downtime.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Media Converter

A device that converts data signals from one type to another, for example, converting Ethernet signals to fiber optic signals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Extension

An extension of the existing network to new locations or to add new devices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Direct Connection to Router

Connecting a network device directly to a router, bypassing a switch.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single FOIS PC Network

A network configuration where the FOIS PC is connected directly to a router without using a switch.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Topology Decision

The process of selecting network devices and topology based on specific needs and requirements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Firewall

A security appliance that acts as the first line of defense at the network perimeter, inspecting packets based on protocols to block unauthorized access.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)

A system that detects and blocks suspicious network traffic by identifying patterns and protocols. It helps prevent intrusions and malicious activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unified Threat Management (UTM)

A comprehensive security appliance integrating multiple security features like firewall, spam filtering, web filtering, anti-virus, and more, providing a multi-layered defense.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Management System (NMS)

A software application designed to monitor, manage, and analyze the health, performance, and security of a network. It uses protocols like SNMP to collect data from network devices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Traffic Monitoring

A device that analyzes and controls network traffic, allowing administrators to monitor bandwidth usage, manage network access, and prioritize traffic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Access Control Policy

A set of rules that define how users and devices can access the network, including authentication methods, permitted services, and access times.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Network Operation Center (NOC)

A central location where network administrators manage and monitor the network, typically equipped with specialized tools and systems for troubleshooting and security.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A secure method of extending a private network across a public network, like the internet, using encryption to protect data confidentiality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Chapter XV: Data Network

  • Data network interconnects data processing devices enabling data transfer
  • Indian Railways has three major networks: Railnet, Unified Ticketing Network (UTN), and FOIS network
  • Special purpose networks are also established for monitoring CCTV, VoIP communication, etc.
  • Various applications operate on these networks, with new ones anticipated
  • Key applications include Passenger Reservation System (PRS) & Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS), Freight Operations Information System (FOIS), Coaching Operations Information System (COIS), Control Office Automation (COA), and Crew Management System (CMS)
  • Other applications: Material Management Information System (MMIS), Integrated Coaching Management System (ICMS), Parcel Management System (PMS), Time Table Management System (Satsang), Software for Electric Locomotive Asset Management (SLAM), E-procurement System, Integrated Material Management System (iMMS), Locomotive Management System (LMS), Health Management Information System (HMIS), e-Office, Track Management System (TMS), Railway Land Management System, RPF Security Management System (RSMS), and more
  • Data networks can support other services like Video Conferencing, Data Conferencing, VOIP, IVRS, Disaster Management, Office Automation, etc.

Railway Networks

  • Railway applications primarily run on Railways' Private Network (Railway network) for general purpose
  • Railnet utilizes bandwidth from RailTel Corporation of India (RCIL) or leased from companies like BSNL, or other service providers
  • Railnet can also connect to public networks (like the internet) via VPN solutions for better security
  • RailNet is a wide area intranet of Indian Railways

Communication Media

  • Data networks use various communication media like Optical Fiber Cable (OFC), GSM-R/LTE, IP Radio links, VSAT, and twisted-pair copper for last-mile connectivity.
  • Optical Fiber Cable/Cat 6 cabling is used for local area networks (LANs)

Network Speeds

  • Earlier networks were non-IP based, operating at 9.6 Kbps, later upgraded to 64 Kbps.
  • Current networks are predominantly IP-based, with speeds of 2 Mbps at the core and access levels. Some access links maintain 64 Kbps.
  • Future planning prioritizes at least 2 Mbps connectivity for distribution and nX2 Mbps for core levels. Ethernet links are favoured for improved fibre connectivity in data networks.

Network Topology & Architecture

  • Railnet is structured as an L3 VPN over MPLS established by RCIL.
  • Each Zone and Division are connected to an RCIL MPLS router with varying bandwidth (20 Mbps to 300 Mbps) allowing each area to increase or decrease its bandwidth as necessary.
  • Railnet setups at zonal and divisional headquarters include Railnet routers designed for high availability and L3 switches with 1+1 redundancy.

Unified Ticketing Network (UTN)

  • UTN is responsible for issuing reserved and unreserved railway tickets
  • It is an IP network covering all stations with ticketing services, arranged in a tiered network architecture.
  • It utilizes the OSPF routing protocol for efficient division routing that is coordinated across multiple geographic regions

FOIS Network

  • FOIS is a data network for operating Freight Operation Information System.
  • It handles train operations and various systems, including Integrated Coach Management System, Crew Management System, Parcel Management System, and Control Office Applications.
  • FOIS is another IP network that covers Indian railway stations and operates using the OSPF routing protocol, similar to the UTN

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Indian Railways Data Network PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the specifics of Railnet LAN Architecture. This quiz covers important aspects such as switch types, cabling requirements, VLAN configurations, and redundancy protocols. Ideal for students and professionals in network design.

More Like This

Wi-Fi Technology and Railnet Overview
29 questions

Wi-Fi Technology and Railnet Overview

SolicitousOklahomaCity avatar
SolicitousOklahomaCity
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser