Radiography Positioning for Tibia/Fibula and Knee Views
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Questions and Answers

What is the central ray angle for the AP knee position?

  • 3-5 degrees cephalic
  • 5-7 degrees cephalic (correct)
  • 0 degrees
  • 5-7 degrees caudal

    • In the mediolateral knee position, the femoral condyles should be:

  • Separated
  • Superimposed (correct)
  • Overlapping
  • Aligned

    • For a thin pelvis, what type of angle corresponds to the pelvis size?

  • 3-5 degrees caudal (correct)
  • 5-7 degrees cephalic
  • 3-5 degrees cephalic
  • 0 degrees

    • What is the purpose of the Holmblad method?

    <p>To view the intercondylar fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the PA knee position, where should the central ray enter?

    <p>1 inch distal to apex of patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to achieve a mediolateral knee position?

    <p>Roll the patient toward the affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be parallel to the image receptor in the AP knee position?

    <p>Femoral condyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient be positioned for an AP tibia/fibula X-ray?

    <p>Leg straight forward with femoral condyles perpendicular to Image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended Source to Image Distance (SID) for tib/fib and patella views?

    <p>40 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an AP tibia/fibula X-ray show if properly taken?

    <p>Overlapping proximal and distal tibia/fibula articulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the image receptor is too small for an AP tib/fib X-ray, what action should be taken?

    <p>Clip the knee if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structures are moderately overlapped in an AP tibia/fibula X-ray?

    <p>Proximal and distal tibia/fibula articulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which positioning technique is used for a mediolateral tibia/fibula X-ray?

    <p>Patient rolled towards the unaffected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the PA Axial Projection Holmblad Method 3, how should the patient be positioned?

    <p>Kneeling on the table with the knee over the image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are visualized in the axial sunrise patella position using the Settegast Method?

    <p>Patella in profile, open patellofemoral joint space, surfaces of femoral condyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view provides good visualization of a vertical patellar fracture?

    <p>Axial Sunrise Patella Position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient be positioned for the axial patella-merchant method?

    <p>Both knees at the edge of the table and bent with a 40-degree angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mediolateral patella position visualize?

    <p>Lateral projection of patella, open patellofemoral joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ray angle for the axial patella Hughston method?

    <p>+45-degree cephalic angle entering through the patellofemoral joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormality does the axial patella Hughston method show?

    <p>Subluxation of the patella and patellar fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is significant about PA Patella Structures when compared to AP Patella Structures?

    <p>Provides sharper detail due to decreased Object to image distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for mediolateral Patella position?

    <p>Bilateral Tangential Patellae View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the foot is responsible for shock absorption and weight-bearing?

    <p>Midfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the longitudinal arch of the foot?

    <p>Acting as a shock absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement involves flexing the ankle joint to point the foot upward?

    <p>Dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are included in the hindfoot?

    <p>Talus and calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of arch supports the longitudinal arch of the foot?

    <p>Transverse arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement involves extending the ankle joint to point the foot downward?

    <p>Plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are in the great toe?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the phalanx base from the phalanx head?

    <p>The base is distal, while the head is proximal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the phalanges of the foot and hand?

    <p>Foot phalanges have limited movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the foot forms the plantar surface?

    <p>Hindfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metatarsal is described as the shortest and thickest?

    <p>1st metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint classification do all joints of the foot have?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the sesamoid bones in the foot usually located?

    <p>On the plantar surface of the head of the 1st metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tarsal bone is the largest in the foot?

    <p>Calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the talus bone?

    <p>Astragalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metatarsal contains a prominent tuberosity prone to fracture?

    <p>5th metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What joint classification does the ankle joint belong to?

    <p>Synovial, hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cuneiform in the foot is considered the smallest?

    <p>Intermediate cuneiform (2nd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does an avulsion fracture occur within the 5th metatarsal?

    <p>At the base or proximal end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary anatomical location of the lateral malleolus?

    <p>Located on fibula on distal, lateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone in the lower leg plays a key role in weight-bearing?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the distal end of the tibia from the proximal end in terms of size?

    <p>The distal end is smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the medial malleolus located?

    <p>Medial aspect of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fibular notch on the distal tibia?

    <p>Attachment point for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark overlays the fibula on the distal tibia?

    <p>Anterior Tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the smooth facets of the tibial plateau located?

    <p>Superior surface of the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is situated between the two condyles on the superior aspect of the tibia?

    <p>'Mountain-shaped' Protrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the anterior crest of the tibia?

    <p>Sharp ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major joint does the tibial plateau articulate with?

    <p>Knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the angle of slope for the tibial plateaus?

    <p>10-20 degrees posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the fibula located in relation to the tibia?

    <p>Posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for angling 5-7 degrees on AP and lateral knee x-rays?

    <p>To open the joint space of the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is sometimes referred to as the 'calf bone'?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem does Osgood-Schlatter's Disease specifically involve?

    <p>Separation of the tibial tuberosity from the body of the tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament in the knee restricts anterior and posterior movements?

    <p>Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located between the tibial plateau and femoral condyles and acts as a shock absorber?

    <p>Meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is modified as a hinge joint in the human body?

    <p>Femorotibial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical landmark does the lateral malleolus relate to in the ankle?

    <p>Medial malleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cruciate ligaments attached to within the knee joint?

    <p>Intercondylar eminence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized using an MRI or knee arthrogram to diagnose a specific knee condition?

    <p>A torn meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the axial patella-merchant method, where should the central ray enter?

    <p>Midway between both patellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the PA Axial Projection Holmblad Method 2?

    <p>To flex the knee 70 degrees from full extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized in the axial patella Hughston method?

    <p>Open patellofemoral joint space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the axial patella-merchant view from the axial sunrise patella position?

    <p>Structures visualized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the PA knee position, where should the central ray be located?

    <p>At the mid-popliteal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method shows good visualization of a subluxation of the patella and patellar fractures?

    <p>Axial patella Hughston method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative name for the axial patella Hughston method?

    <p>'Prone flexion tangential' view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is distinctive about the PA Patella Structures compared to mediolateral Patella Structures?

    <p>Superimposition by femur in PA view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Bilateral tangential view' refers to which method?

    <p>'PA Axial Projection Holmblad Method 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which knee position requires the patient to be supine and rotate the entire leg medially 45 degrees?

    <p>Medial oblique knee position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ray angle for the lateral oblique knee position?

    <p>5-7-degree cephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the PA knee position and the AP knee position?

    <p>Central ray entry point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique requires the patient to be prone with toes resting on the table to dorsiflex the foot?

    <p>AP knee position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized in the mediolateral knee position?

    <p><strong>Superimposed femoral condyles</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tube angle is used for the medial oblique knee Central ray?

    <p><strong>Cephalic 5-7-degree</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cephalic tube angle for the PA knee Central ray?

    <p><strong>5-7-degree</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is centered in a mediolateral knee X-ray?

    <p><strong>Tibial intercondylar eminence</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a 3-5 caudal angle or a 3-5 cephalic angle for an AP knee radiography based on pelvis measurements?

    <p>To eliminate any overlap of femur and tibia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source to image distance (SID) for tibia/fibula and patella views?

    <p>48 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the AP tibia/fibula positioning, what should be parallel to the image receptor?

    <p>Femoral condyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the image receptor is too small for an AP tib/fib view?

    <p>Increase the Source to Image Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ray direction for the mediolateral tibia/fibula positioning?

    <p>Distal to proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure should be moderately overlapped in an AP tibia/fibula X-ray?

    <p>Interosseous space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collimation for an AP tibia/fibula X-ray?

    <p>1-inch sides and 1 and 1/2 inches beyond joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct breathing instruction for pelvis, hip, and femur X-rays?

    <p>Suspended respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the AP pelvis view, how should the feet be positioned?

    <p>8-10 inches apart and internally rotated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hip structure is visible in profile in an AP pelvis view?

    <p>Greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the AP oblique pelvis position?

    <p>Frog-leg position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the central ray be directed for an AP oblique pelvis X-ray?

    <p>1-inch superior to pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are visualized in an AP oblique pelvis X-ray?

    <p>Femoral neck without superimposition by greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative name for the AP axial outlet projection pelvis?

    <p>'Taylor' method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle should be used for the cephalic angle in an AP axial outlet projection pelvis for women?

    <p>-30 to -45 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is visualized in profile in an AP axial outlet projection pelvis?

    <p>Acetabulum only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the central ray be directed in an AP axial outlet projection pelvis?

    <p>30-45 degrees cephalad from horizontal plane (for women)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP axial inlet projection pelvis, what is the central ray angled with respect to the midsagittal plane?

    <p>40-degree caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alias for the AP external oblique pelvis projection?

    <p>Judet method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is evaluated for fractures in the AP internal oblique pelvis projection?

    <p>Posterior rim of acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized in the trauma hip modified axiolateral projection?

    <p>Ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located at the short segment from the anterior spine of ilium to symphysis and obturator foramen?

    <p>Iliopubic column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lateral hip position, how much should the thigh be abducted laterally?

    <p>45 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evaluated for fractures in the AP external oblique pelvis projection?

    <p>Anterior pubic rim of acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone structures are magnified in an AP axial outlet projection pelvis?

    <p>Pubic and ischial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the AP proximal femur position, how should the inner leg, hip, and knee be rotated?

    <p>15 degrees internally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the top of the Image receptor be placed in the AP femur position?

    <p>At the ASIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures should be visible in the mediolateral femur distal view?

    <p>Patella in profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the AP femur collimation, how should it be adjusted?

    <p>Collimate side to side only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct positioning for a mediolateral femur X-ray?

    <p>Rolling the patient towards the affected side and flexing the knee 45 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the central ray be positioned in a mediolateral femur X-ray?

    <p>Midfemur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the greater trochanter more visible than the lesser trochanter in an AP femur X-ray?

    <p>Position of the patient's leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an AP distal femur X-ray aim to show?

    <p>Femoral epicondyles parallel to the Image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between mediolateral and AP femur X-rays?

    <p>Collimation requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the ASIS and AIIS anatomical landmarks?

    <p>ASIS is anterior and AIIS is posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pelvis serves as the base of the trunk and forms the connection between which two parts of the body?

    <p>Vertebral column and lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the most inferior aspect of the pelvis?

    <p>Ischial tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pelvis is considered the false pelvis?

    <p>Superior aperture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the obturator foramen located in relation to the iliac crest?

    <p>Below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the female-specific features of the pelvis compared to males?

    <p>Light body structure, oval inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints is classified as a cartilaginous symphysis joint?

    <p>Pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are considered part of the pelvic girdle?

    <p>2 hip bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the femoral head articulate in the pelvis?

    <p>Acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures form the superior aperture of the true or lesser pelvis?

    <p>Inlet, pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms a part of both the ilium and pubis?

    <p>Obturator foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ilium forms a prominent part of the hip known as the prominence?

    <p>Ala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure forms two-fifths of the acetabulum?

    <p>Ischium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acetabulum in relation to the ilium, ischium, and pubis?

    <p>Weight-bearing support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fovea capitis on the femoral head?

    <p>Muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone feature connects the superior and inferior rami of the pubis?

    <p>Pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the iliac crest in the pelvis?

    <p>Muscle attachment site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative name for the body of the sternum?

    <p>Gladiolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term used to describe the xiphoid process?

    <p>Enciform Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thoracic vertebrae does the jugular notch lie between?

    <p>T2 and T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type in the bony thorax is classified as immovable?

    <p>Sterno-Osseous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the costochondral joint articulate?

    <p>Between ribs #1-#10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary classification of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Synovial, gliding joint; freely movable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the false ribs located in the rib numbering system?

    <p>#8-#12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Floating Ribs' refer to ribs that have no attachment to which structure?

    <p>'True Ribs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'True Ribs' attach directly to which bone structure?

    <p>'Sternum'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest portion of the sternum called?

    <p>Body of the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the sternum articulates with the Manubrium?

    <p>Sternal extremity of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notch is also known as the suprasternal notch?

    <p>Jugular notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the sternum is most inferior?

    <p>Xiphoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive shape of the manubrium?

    <p>Roughly quadrilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the bony thorax is not included in its composition?

    <p>Scapulae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the sternum approximately?

    <p>~6 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the bony thorax has a palpable landmark feature?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the sternum provides attachment to rib cartilages?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves to protect both the heart and lungs in the human body?

    <p>Bony thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the bony thorax is directed anteriorly and inferiorly?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most posterior extension of the vertebrae?

    <p>Spinous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type is the zygapophyseal joint?

    <p>Gliding joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cervical vertebrae from other types?

    <p>Transverse foramina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central mass of soft, pulp material in an intervertebral disk called?

    <p>Nucleus pulposus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Cervical vertebra lacks a vertebral body?

    <p>C1 (Atlas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure allows rotation of the head side to side by acting as a pivot?

    <p>Odontoid process (Dens)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cervical vertebra has bifid spinous process tips?

    <p>C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects both the superior and inferior articular processes in cervical vertebrae?

    <p>Articular pillars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the vertebral bodies in the spine?

    <p>Intervertebral disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a typical vertebra extends laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina?

    <p>Transverse process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the lordotic curves?

    <p>Convex anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the spine exhibits primary curves?

    <p>Thoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical composition of a vertebral arch?

    <p>Ring or arch extending posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the vertebral body?

    <p>Weight-bearing anterior part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which curve is associated with an abnormal increase in the anterior concavity?

    <p>Kyphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lumbar vertebrae are typically found in the adult vertebral column?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathology is associated with an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

    <p>Scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the marker be placed in an AP soft tissue neck image?

    <p>In the light field above the shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Fuch's method for left lateral C-spine hyperflexion, what is the purpose of suspending breathing?

    <p>To reduce motion artifact of the cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended Source to Image Distance (SID) for a swimmer's view X-ray?

    <p>40 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure should be minimally superimposed in a swimmer's view X-ray?

    <p>Shoulder blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper position for a left lateral T-spine X-ray?

    <p>Supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a left lateral T-spine X-ray, where should the marker be placed?

    <p>On the anatomy seen in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for proper visualization in a left lateral T-spine X-ray?

    <p>Vertebrae through lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between an AP T-spine and a swimmer's view?

    <p>'Swimmer's view focuses on thoracic vertebrae, while AP T-spine shows cervical vertebrae.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP T-spine X-ray, what should be visible in the midline of the image?

    <p>Spinous processes of the vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the central ray position in a left lateral C-spine hyperextension X-ray?

    <p>To rule out whiplash injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a trauma C-spine X-table lateral, what is the reason for using 40 or 62 inches as the source to image distance?

    <p>To reduce radiation exposure to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cervical collar in all cervical trauma views?

    <p>To immobilize the patient and prevent further injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the left lateral soft tissue neck X-ray often performed with the patient doing valsava maneuver?

    <p>To distend the subglottic larynx and trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP soft tissue neck X-ray, why is it necessary to slightly lift the neck during positioning?

    <p>To reduce artifact caused by mandibular shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ray location for visualizing larynx, laryngeal pharynx, and upper esophagus in a left lateral soft tissue neck X-ray?

    <p>@ C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are closely superimposed in a left lateral soft tissue neck X-ray?

    <p>Mandibular shadows and throat air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breathing instruction is NOT recommended during a left lateral soft tissue neck X-ray?

    <p>Exhaling completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When imaging the intervertebral foramina of the C-spine, what positioning would you use?

    <p>45-degree oblique AP with the upside furthest from the image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended source to image distance for a Left Lateral C-spine view?

    <p>72-inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Left Lateral C-spine position, where should the central ray be placed?

    <p>@ C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct breathing instruction for a Left Lateral C-spine view?

    <p>Suspended expiration to depress the shoulders and prevent neck movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When imaging the zygapophyseal joints of the T-spine, what positioning are you using?

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended collimation/light field for a Left Lateral C-spine view?

    <p>@ top of Image receptor 1-inch above External acoustic meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the Left Lateral C-spine marker be placed?

    <p>On wall bucky just below the chin level in light field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended central ray position for an AP axial C-spine X-ray?

    <p>Level of C4 in the Midsagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is visualized in a 45-degree axial oblique C-spine RPO/LPO X-ray?

    <p>Intervertebral foramina of the side closest to the image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the breathing instruction for an AP axial dens projection X-ray?

    <p>Suspended breathing with no swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP axial C-spine X-ray, how should the occlusal plane and mastoid tips be positioned?

    <p>Perpendicular to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 45-degree axial oblique C-spine LPO/RPO X-ray visualize?

    <p>Intervertebral foramina of the upside furthest from image receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is different about the Source to Image Distance for an AP open mouth C-spine compared to an AP axial C-spine?

    <p>It is shorter in AP open mouth C-spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Fuch's method' positions are used primarily for imaging which area of the body?

    <p>Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP open mouth C-spine X-ray, what should be aligned with the base of the skull/ mastoid tip?

    <p>Top teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the lumbar vertebrae with regards to the transverse processes?

    <p>Directed medially in L1-L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction are the Laminae of the Lumbar Vertebrae thicker compared to cervical and thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>Posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes the Lumbar Vertebra Spinous Process from those of other vertebrae?

    <p>Project posteriorly and horizontally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Mamillary Processes located on the Lumbar Vertebrae?

    <p>On the back of each superior articular process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lumbar vertebrae are specifically mentioned to have a wedge-shaped body for articulation with the sacrum?

    <p>L5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the Lumbar Vertebra L5 Intervertebral disc?

    <p>Wedge-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the Lumbar Vertebra L5 spinous processes compared to other lumbar vertebrae?

    <p>Shorter and smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Accessory Processes located on the Lumbar Vertebrae?

    <p>At the back of the root of the transverse process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the Lumbar Vertebra contributes to its stability and support for heavy loads?

    <p>Stronger transverse processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what plane do the Lumbar Spinous Processes project?

    <p>Sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Lumbar Vertebrae, what distinguishes the Intervertebral Foramina of L5 from the others?

    <p>Turned slightly anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Female sacrum have in terms of curvature compared to the male sacrum?

    <p>It is more acutely curved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Sacral Alae positioned in relation to the sacral base?

    <p>At the lateral sides of the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Sacral Canal?

    <p>Transmitting sacral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Sacral Promontory in sacral anatomy?

    <p>It is a point of attachment for ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is visible in an AP axial outlet projection pelvis?

    <p>Sacral Cornua</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct anatomical term for the coccygeal cornua in relation to the sacrum?

    <p>'Processes projecting'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended Image receptor size for x-rays of Sacrum, Coccyx, and Sacroiliac joints?

    <p>10&quot; by 12&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using lead shields on the patient's breast and thyroid area for x-rays of Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx, or Sacroiliac joints?

    <p>To reduce scatter radiation exposure to the breast and thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the patient for creating 'AP L-Spine' radiographs?

    <p>Lying supine on the x-ray table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the central ray target for 'AP L-Spine' radiographs?

    <p>L4 at level of the iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to take radiograph on expiration for 'AP L-Spine'?

    <p>Ask patient to exhale and hold breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are demonstrated in an 'AP L-Spine' radiograph?

    <p>T11 to distal sacrum, intervertebral disks, and sacroiliac joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For 'AP L-Spine', what is a requirement of some protocols regarding collimation?

    <p>Collimate beam to skin surface only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'AP L-Spine' radiographs target which specific vertebrae?

    <p>'T12 at level of iliac crest'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'AP L-Spine' radiographs should include open intervertebral joints and which other structure?

    <p>'Sacroiliac joints equidistant from spine'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'AP L-Spine' radiographs are made by having the patient perform which action to bring their spine closer to the table?

    <p>'Bend their knees'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a left lateral L-spine X-ray, where should the Central ray be aimed?

    <p>L5-S1 junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended Image Receptor size for the AP Axial L5-S1 view?

    <p>10&quot; x 12&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP axial sacrum X-ray, where should the Central ray be directed?

    <p>Midway between ASIS and symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the breathing instruction for an AP/PA L-spine weight-bearing X-ray?

    <p>Suspend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is visible in lateral hyperflexion/hyperextension L-spine X-rays to determine motion at a spinal fusion site?

    <p>Zygapophyseal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the patient during an AP/PA L-spine weight-bearing X-ray?

    <p>Upright</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the Image Receptor be placed for a lateral hyperflexion/hyperextension L-spine X-ray?

    <p>'Skin margin'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP axial sacrum X-ray, what anatomical landmarks should be used to align the Central ray?

    <p>ASIS and PSIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct central ray angle in an AP coccyx view?

    <p>10 degrees caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an AP coccyx view, where is the central ray directed?

    <p>Midway between ASIS and symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a correct instruction for breathing during an AP coccyx X-ray?

    <p>Suspend breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is visualized in an AP coccyx view?

    <p>Anterior aspect of the coccyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lateral sacrum X-ray, what is used as a landmark for central ray positioning?

    <p>ASIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a lateral sacrum X-ray, how should the sacrum be positioned?

    <p>True lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are closely superimposed in a lateral sacrum X-ray?

    <p>Superior margins of ischia and ilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the central ray be directed for a 45° RPO L-SPINE radiograph?

    <p>Medially to ASIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature seen in a Scottie Dog on a 45° RPO/LPO L-SPINE radiograph?

    <p>Transverse Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient position their knees for a Left Lateral L-Spine radiograph?

    <p>Flexed slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in central ray placement between Left Lateral L-Spine and L5-S1 Spot radiographs?

    <p>5°-8° caudal to iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures should be included in a Left Lateral L-Spine radiograph?

    <p>Intervertebral foramina of L1-L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark should the central ray be placed midway between for an L5-S1 Spot radiograph?

    <p>ASIS and iliac crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a Left Lateral L-Spine, what should be superimposed on top of each other?

    <p>Hips</p> Signup and view all the answers

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