Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended position for a patient during the PA projection of the patella?
What is the recommended position for a patient during the PA projection of the patella?
- Prone with support under the thigh and leg if there is pain (correct)
- Sitting on an examination table with legs hanging
- Supine with knees flexed
- Standing upright with legs straight
What appears on the PA projection of the patella when it is properly positioned?
What appears on the PA projection of the patella when it is properly positioned?
- Distorted bony detail of the proximal femur
- Patella completely superimposed by the femur (correct)
- Patella completely superimposed by the fibula
- Exaggerated curvature of the femur
What kind of detail is provided by the PA projection of the patella?
What kind of detail is provided by the PA projection of the patella?
- Blurry details of surrounding soft tissue
- Total absence of bony structures
- Sharper recorded detail of the patella (correct)
- Poor detail due to patient positioning
Which area should be centered on the image receptor for the PA projection of the patella?
Which area should be centered on the image receptor for the PA projection of the patella?
What indicates a successful PA projection of the patella regarding the tibiofibular overlap?
What indicates a successful PA projection of the patella regarding the tibiofibular overlap?
What is the position of the calcaneus in relation to the ankle during the procedure?
What is the position of the calcaneus in relation to the ankle during the procedure?
What must be ensured about the long axis of the foot for dorsiflexion?
What must be ensured about the long axis of the foot for dorsiflexion?
Which metatarsals are highlighted in the procedure discussed?
Which metatarsals are highlighted in the procedure discussed?
What is used to support the image receptor in position?
What is used to support the image receptor in position?
What can happen if excessive density is present over the posterior portion of the calcaneus?
What can happen if excessive density is present over the posterior portion of the calcaneus?
When might two images be required during the procedure?
When might two images be required during the procedure?
Where should the image receptor be placed during the process?
Where should the image receptor be placed during the process?
What might occur if the calcaneus is improperly positioned?
What might occur if the calcaneus is improperly positioned?
What is the primary purpose of the lateral projection weight-bearing method for the longitudinal arch?
What is the primary purpose of the lateral projection weight-bearing method for the longitudinal arch?
What is the recommended patient position for the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
What is the recommended patient position for the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
Which of the following is NOT noted in the description of the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
Which of the following is NOT noted in the description of the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
What should be done if a stool is not available for the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
What should be done if a stool is not available for the lateral projection weight-bearing method?
Which of the following indicates correct placement of the image receptor (IR) for the procedure?
Which of the following indicates correct placement of the image receptor (IR) for the procedure?
What anatomical features does the lateral projection weight-bearing view primarily highlight?
What anatomical features does the lateral projection weight-bearing view primarily highlight?
What type of projection is explicitly discussed for demonstrating the structure of the foot?
What type of projection is explicitly discussed for demonstrating the structure of the foot?
Which of the following factors is essential for a successful lateral projection weight-bearing image?
Which of the following factors is essential for a successful lateral projection weight-bearing image?
What is the central ray direction for the second exposure during the examination of the hind foot?
What is the central ray direction for the second exposure during the examination of the hind foot?
Which of these deviations is not a characteristic of congenital clubfoot?
Which of these deviations is not a characteristic of congenital clubfoot?
In the context of the forefoot exposure, how should the patient’s foot be positioned?
In the context of the forefoot exposure, how should the patient’s foot be positioned?
Which of the following angles is used for the composite AP axially focused on the posterior surface of the ankle?
Which of the following angles is used for the composite AP axially focused on the posterior surface of the ankle?
What does 'Talipes Equinovarus' specifically refer to?
What does 'Talipes Equinovarus' specifically refer to?
Which part of the foot is primarily elevated in congenital clubfoot?
Which part of the foot is primarily elevated in congenital clubfoot?
During an examination of the hindfoot, what is an important aspect of maintaining foot alignment?
During an examination of the hindfoot, what is an important aspect of maintaining foot alignment?
When performing an anterior angulation exposure, what is the central ray supposed to target?
When performing an anterior angulation exposure, what is the central ray supposed to target?
Which position should the femoral condyles be in relative to the IR for proper imaging?
Which position should the femoral condyles be in relative to the IR for proper imaging?
What should be adjusted to ensure the patient’s pelvis is not rotated?
What should be adjusted to ensure the patient’s pelvis is not rotated?
What is crucial about the foot positioning during the imaging process?
What is crucial about the foot positioning during the imaging process?
In the lateral projection, where is the central ray directed?
In the lateral projection, where is the central ray directed?
What anatomical parts are represented in the AP projections of the leg?
What anatomical parts are represented in the AP projections of the leg?
What type of image shows the trabecular detail and soft tissue of the entire leg?
What type of image shows the trabecular detail and soft tissue of the entire leg?
What should the patient position be during the lateral projection?
What should the patient position be during the lateral projection?
What is the appropriate IR size for the projections mentioned?
What is the appropriate IR size for the projections mentioned?
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Study Notes
Lateral Projection Weight Bearing (Standing) for Longitudinal Arch
- Positioning: Patient stands upright with weight evenly distributed on both feet.
- IR Placement: IR is placed vertically on the IR groove of a low riser or between blocks, perpendicular to the patient.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to a point just above the base of the 3rd metatarsal.
- Image Features: Shows a lateromedial projection of the bones of the foot with weight bearing, including the entire foot and distal leg.
- Purpose: Demonstrates the structural status of the longitudinal arch.
Composite AP Axial, Posterior Angulation of 15 degrees
- Patient Positioning: Patient is standing with one foot slightly forward.
- IR Placement: IR is positioned on the floor.
- Central Ray: Anterior angulation of 15 degrees, directed towards the posterior surface of the ankle.
- Image Features: Shows an anterior angulation of the ankle, including the ankle and knee joints.
Composite AP Axial, Anterior Angulation of 25 degrees
- Patient Positioning: Patient is standing with one foot slightly forward.
- IR Placement: IR is positioned on the floor.
- Central Ray: Anterior angulation of 25 degrees, directed towards the posterior surface of the ankle.
- Image Features: Shows an anterior angulation of the ankle, including the ankle and knee joints.
Congenital Clubfoot
- Definition: Deformity of the foot characterized by plantar flexion and inversion of the calcaneus, medial displacement of the forefoot, and elevation of the medial border of the foot.
- Positioning: Patient is in supine position with the IR placed against the plantar surface of the foot, supported with a sandbag.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to the long axis of the foot, entering the dorsal surface of the ankle joint.
- Image Features: Shows the calcaneus not under the ankle, the first or fifth metatarsals not projected to the sides of the foot, and the anterior portion of the calcaneus without excessive density over the posterior portion.
Lateral Projection (Mediolateral)
- Patient Positioning: Patient is in supine position.
- IR Placement: IR is positioned against the lateral side of the leg, center at the level of the knee.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to the center of the leg.
- Image Features: Shows the ankle and knee joints, with slight tibiofibular overlap.
PA Projection of Patella
- Patient Positioning: Patient is in prone with a support under the thigh if needed, to relieve pressure on the knee.
- IR Placement: IR centered on the patella.
- Central Ray: Perpendicular to the mid-popliteal area.
- Image Features: Shows a PA projection of the patella, with the patella completely superimposed by the femur.
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