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Questions and Answers

What is the proper rotation angle for the hip when imaging the proximal femur?

  • 10-15° external rotation
  • 10-15° internal rotation (correct)
  • 20-25° internal rotation
  • 5-10° internal rotation

    • When imaging the distal femur and knee, how should the image receptor (IR) be positioned?

  • In a supine position below the knee
  • Horizontally under the knee
  • Vertically along the medial or lateral aspect of the thigh and knee (correct)
  • At a 45° angle between the thigh and knee

    • What is the central ray (CR) direction for imaging the distal femur?

  • Horizontally towards the knee
  • Perpendicular to the femoral neck
  • At a 10° angle to the knee
  • Perpendicular to the midfemur (correct)

    • What structures should be shown when imaging the proximal femur?

    <p>Lateral 3⁄4 of the femur and adjacent joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the patient is in pain during imaging?

    <p>Position the IR on the side nearest the patient and keep CR horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct positioning of the lower limbs for the AP projection of the femur?

    <p>Medially rotate the feet about 15-20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a situation where the whole lower leg is affected in a tall patient, how many images should be taken?

    <p>Two images, AP and Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the position of the opposite thigh in relation to the affected thigh during an AP projection?

    <p>Not superimposing the affected thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the distance between the heels when positioning for the AP projection?

    <p>8-10 inches apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the IR be centered for the AP projection of the femur?

    <p>Between the ASIS and pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the central ray for a PAO projection?

    <p>Direct 35° cephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PAO projections, which side of the ilium will be imaged?

    <p>The side farthest from the image receptor (IR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily shown in a PA axial projection?

    <p>Pubic symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an APO projection, how should the ilium be positioned relative to the image receptor?

    <p>It should be parallel to the IR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the term 'AP NEAR'?

    <p>Side closest to the IR in an AP projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using pelvimetry during childbirth?

    <p>To determine the size and shape of the pelvic outlet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for the patient's legs during a bilateral view in pelvimetry?

    <p>Thighs abducted approximately 45 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the alignment of the pelvis during the examination?

    <p>The pelvis needs to tilt forward approximately 45 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the central ray for the bilateral view in pelvimetry?

    <p>Perpendicular to a level 1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a compression band used in the positioning of the patient?

    <p>To stabilize the hip joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient's feet be positioned for a unilateral view?

    <p>Inward, toward the midline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important action to maintain the patient's position during imaging?

    <p>Grasp the ankles for stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure is primarily shown in the resulting image from a bilateral view?

    <p>The femoral head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lateral projection, where should the central ray be directed?

    <p>Perpendicular through the lumbosacral region at the level of the greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of extending the thighs in a lateral recumbent position?

    <p>To avoid obscurement of the pubic arch by the femora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct patient positioning for an AP radiograph of the knee?

    <p>Supine with knee fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is demonstrated by the Cleaves projections?

    <p>The relationship between femoral heads and acetabula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the angulation of the central ray for the AP knee projection?

    <p>Pelvic thickness and ASIS width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is contraindicated when a patient is suspected of having a fracture?

    <p>Bilateral frog leg position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is shown in an AP radiograph of the knee?

    <p>Knee joint and surrounding soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily demonstrated in a lateral projection of the pelvis?

    <p>The lumbosacral junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a lateral knee position, how should the femoral epicondyles be aligned?

    <p>Parallel to the IR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the angulation of the central ray as the degree of body flexion increases?

    <p>It is directed more anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with unequal length of limb during an imaging procedure?

    <p>Distribute the body weight equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central ray direction for the lateral knee projection?

    <p>7-10° caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a lateral projection, which patient position is acceptable?

    <p>Dorsal decubitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a weight-bearing AP knee projection, how should the legs be positioned?

    <p>Feet hip-width apart and straight ahead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct limb rotation for a medial oblique knee projection?

    <p>45° medial rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What view is relevant for demonstrating the 'gull-wing sign'?

    <p>Dorsal decubitus projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a bilateral weight-bearing AP for arthritic knees?

    <p>To assess joint space narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a posteriorly displaced femoral head in a shadow casting projection?

    <p>Below the acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of the central ray when a patient has a narrow pelvis and is tall?

    <p>3-5° cephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended angle of knee flexion to relax muscles in a lateral knee projection?

    <p>20-30° flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a patient is over-rotated during the lateral knee projection?

    <p>More superimposition occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should the patient be for an AP projection of the knee in the case of a recumbent patient?

    <p>On their back with the knee extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are visualized in a lateral knee projection?

    <p>Distal end of femur, patella, and knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Radiographic Procedures of the Proximal Lower Limb

    • AP Knee: Patient supine, knee slightly flexed.

      • Center the image receptor (IR) below the patellar apex.
      • Femoral epicondyles should be parallel to the IR.
      • Central ray is directed 0.5 inches inferior to the patellar apex, with angulation dependent on pelvic thickness (less than 18cm = 3-5 degrees caudally, 19-24cm = perpendicular, greater than 25cm = 3-5 degrees cephalad).
      • Images the structures of the knee joint.

    • Lateral (Mediolateral) Knee: Patient turned to affected side, unaffected knee extended, affected knee flexed forward and placed laterally on the image receptor.

      • Hold the epicondyles perpendicular to the IR.
      • Central ray is angled 5-7 degrees cephalad, directed towards the knee joint, about one inch distal to the medial epicondyle.
      • Images distal end of femur, patella, knee joint, proximal ends of tibia and fibula, and adjacent soft tissues.

    • Knee PA: Patient prone, center the IR 0.5 inches below the patellar apex.

      • Femoral epicondyles parallel to the tabletop.
      • Toes rest on the table (dorsiflexed).
      • Central ray is angled 5-7 degrees caudally, to the lower half-inch of the patellar apex.
      • Images the knee structures.

    • AP Weight-bearing Knee: Patient standing, feet facing forward.

      • Feet apart for balance
      • Knees fully extended.
      • Images the knee structures while weight is evenly distributed.

    Structures Shown

    • AP Knee: Knee structures.
    • Lateral Knee: Distal femur, patella, knee joint, proximal tibia/fibula, and adjacent soft tissues.
    • PA Knee: Knee structures.
    • AP Weight-bearing Knee: Knee structures, with weight bearing.

    Patient Positioning

    • AP Knee: Supine
    • Lateral Knee: Turned to affected side, supine
    • PA Knee: Prone
    • AP Weight-bearing Knee: Standing, upright

    Additional Procedures and Considerations

    • Over rotation/under rotation: Affects superimposition of structures.
    • Angulation: Adjusts central ray according to patient size/pelvis width.
    • Weight bearing: Position for weight-bearing images.
    • Variations in procedures exist for additional conditions like arthritis or fractures.
    • Anatomical landmarks are used to position the patient and center the image receptor (IR) and the central ray (CR).

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    Related Documents

    MIV: Radiographic Procedures of the Proximal Lower Limb PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key radiographic procedures for imaging the proximal lower limb, specifically focusing on the knee. It details the correct positioning, angle adjustments, and anatomy imaged for both AP and lateral knee radiographs. Ideal for students and professionals in radiology or imaging technology.

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