Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended projection for visualizing facial bones and sinuses with possible air-fluid levels?
What is the recommended projection for visualizing facial bones and sinuses with possible air-fluid levels?
- PA projection with perpendicular CR
- Recumbent projections
- Erect projections (correct)
- PA skull projection
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
- To improve visualization of facial bones (correct)
- To avoid radiation exposure
- To reduce patient discomfort
- To prevent sinus infections
Which landmark is important for accurate positioning of the cranium?
Which landmark is important for accurate positioning of the cranium?
- SOG
- Auricle
- Superciliary ridge
- Glabella (correct)
What is the recommended tube angulation for removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the recommended tube angulation for removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the recommended position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the CR for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the CR for obtaining a PA skull projection?
Why must cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent in the case of possible cervical spine injury?
Why must cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent in the case of possible cervical spine injury?
What is the recommended projection for visualizing facial bones and sinuses with possible air-fluid levels?
What is the recommended projection for visualizing facial bones and sinuses with possible air-fluid levels?
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
Which landmark is important for accurate positioning of the cranium?
Which landmark is important for accurate positioning of the cranium?
What is the recommended tube angulation for removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the recommended tube angulation for removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the recommended position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the CR for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the recommended position of the CR for obtaining a PA skull projection?
Why must cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent in the case of possible cervical spine injury?
Why must cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent in the case of possible cervical spine injury?
What is the correct position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the correct position of the OML for obtaining a PA skull projection?
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest in a PA projection?
What is the purpose of removing the petrous pyramids from the facial bone area of interest in a PA projection?
What is the correct CR direction for obtaining a PA projection with the petrous pyramids removed from the facial bone area of interest?
What is the correct CR direction for obtaining a PA projection with the petrous pyramids removed from the facial bone area of interest?
Why are erect projections preferred for facial bones and sinuses?
Why are erect projections preferred for facial bones and sinuses?
What landmarks are important for accurate positioning of the cranium and facial bones?
What landmarks are important for accurate positioning of the cranium and facial bones?
What landmarks contribute to the base of the orbit?
What landmarks contribute to the base of the orbit?
When should cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent?
When should cranial and facial bone studies be performed recumbent?
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Study Notes
Positioning Landmarks for Radiographic Imaging of the Cranium and Facial Bones
- The PA skull projection is obtained with no tube angulation and the OML perpendicular to the plane of the IR.
- The CR is parallel to the OML, which causes the petrous pyramids to be projected directly into the orbits.
- The PA projection with a perpendicular CR has limited value for visualizing the facial bones in this position.
- The petrous pyramids must be removed from the facial bone area of interest to visualize the facial bone mass.
- This can be done either by tube angulation or by extension of the neck.
- The neck is extended by raising the chin so that the petrous pyramids are projected just below the maxillary sinuses.
- The CR is parallel to the MML, and the facial bones are now projected superior to the dense petrous pyramids.
- Erect projections are preferred for facial bones and sinuses to demonstrate any possible air-fluid levels.
- In the case of possible cervical spine injury, cranial and facial bone studies must be performed recumbent.
- The midsagittal plane (MSP) is important for accurate positioning of the cranium.
- Superciliary ridge, SOG, glabella, nasion, acanthion, gonion, mental point, auricle, tragus, and canthi are important landmarks for radiographic imaging of the cranium and facial bones.
- TEA, SOM, IOM, and midlateral orbital margin are landmarks that contribute to the base of the orbit.
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