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Questions and Answers
Which type of tissue provides structural support for other tissues?
Which type of tissue provides structural support for other tissues?
How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
How many separate bones are found in the adult human body?
Which system of the human body is responsible for absorption of nutrients by the cells and the elimination of solid waste?
Which system of the human body is responsible for absorption of nutrients by the cells and the elimination of solid waste?
What is the name of the small oval-shaped bones found in tendons?
What is the name of the small oval-shaped bones found in tendons?
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At what age do the growth (epiphyseal) plates of the bone, made of hyaline cartilage, appear radiographically at the end of long bones?
At what age do the growth (epiphyseal) plates of the bone, made of hyaline cartilage, appear radiographically at the end of long bones?
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What is the name of the dense fibrous membrane that covers bone?
What is the name of the dense fibrous membrane that covers bone?
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What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living tissue?
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living tissue?
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Which type of bones are examples of "flat" bones?
Which type of bones are examples of "flat" bones?
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What is a group or association of organs that have a similar or common function called?
What is a group or association of organs that have a similar or common function called?
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What is the term for turning or bending the wrist and hand toward the ulna?
What is the term for turning or bending the wrist and hand toward the ulna?
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Which term refers to the movement of an arm or leg toward the body?
Which term refers to the movement of an arm or leg toward the body?
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What is the term for rotation of an anterior body part toward the inside (median plane)?
What is the term for rotation of an anterior body part toward the inside (median plane)?
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What does CR angle towards the head refer to?
What does CR angle towards the head refer to?
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How many projections are generally required for the chest?
How many projections are generally required for the chest?
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What did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discover on November 8, 1895?
What did Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discover on November 8, 1895?
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What is distortion in radiography?
What is distortion in radiography?
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What does SNR stand for in radiography?
What does SNR stand for in radiography?
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What does ALARA stand for in radiography?
What does ALARA stand for in radiography?
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Contrast in radiography refers to:
Contrast in radiography refers to:
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How many bones are in the adult appendicular skeleton?
How many bones are in the adult appendicular skeleton?
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Which of the following joints displays a 'hinge' type of movement?
Which of the following joints displays a 'hinge' type of movement?
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What type of projection is created with the central ray (CR) directed at a 10 degree angle or more along or parallel to the long axis of the body?
What type of projection is created with the central ray (CR) directed at a 10 degree angle or more along or parallel to the long axis of the body?
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Which term describes lying down in any position?
Which term describes lying down in any position?
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What is the general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (special chest projection)?
What is the general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (special chest projection)?
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What type of projection is created when the CR skims a body part?
What type of projection is created when the CR skims a body part?
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The opposite term for supination is:
The opposite term for supination is:
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'Dorsum pedis' describes which surface of the foot?
'Dorsum pedis' describes which surface of the foot?
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'Circumduction' is best defined as:
'Circumduction' is best defined as:
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'Coronal plane' divides the body into which parts?
'Coronal plane' divides the body into which parts?
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What is the minimal number of projections taken for a post reduction (realign a fracture) study of the ankle?
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a post reduction (realign a fracture) study of the ankle?
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What specific projection has been performed when the sole of the foot is placed against the IR with a perpendicular CR entering the top of the foot?
What specific projection has been performed when the sole of the foot is placed against the IR with a perpendicular CR entering the top of the foot?
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What specific projection/position has been performed when the patient's head and neck are hyperextended with the top of the skull directly against the IR and the CR enters just below the chin?
What specific projection/position has been performed when the patient's head and neck are hyperextended with the top of the skull directly against the IR and the CR enters just below the chin?
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In which specific position/projection has been performed when a patient is lying on her back (face up) with the x-ray tube horizontal, CR entering the right side of the body, and IR adjacent to the left side of the body?
In which specific position/projection has been performed when a patient is lying on her back (face up) with the x-ray tube horizontal, CR entering the right side of the body, and IR adjacent to the left side of the body?
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When placing radiographs of the lower leg, what direction should the toes of the foot be pointing?
When placing radiographs of the lower leg, what direction should the toes of the foot be pointing?
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Which radiographic position is achieved when a patient is erect and leaning the shoulders backward 20 to 30 degrees toward the IR with a perpendicular CR?
Which radiographic position is achieved when a patient is erect and leaning the shoulders backward 20 to 30 degrees toward the IR with a perpendicular CR?
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What is the radiographic position when a patient is erect facing the IR, and the right side of the body is turned 45° toward the IR?
What is the radiographic position when a patient is erect facing the IR, and the right side of the body is turned 45° toward the IR?
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In a radiographic image of the chest in the erect PA projection, where should the left side of the radiographic image be placed on a monitor or view box?
In a radiographic image of the chest in the erect PA projection, where should the left side of the radiographic image be placed on a monitor or view box?
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When a patient is erect, and a piece of wire is in their palm, what is the minimum number of projections required to be taken for this radiographic study?
When a patient is erect, and a piece of wire is in their palm, what is the minimum number of projections required to be taken for this radiographic study?
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Radiography Basics
- Connective tissue provides structural support for other tissues.
- There are 206 separate bones in the adult human body.
- The digestive system is responsible for absorption of nutrients by cells and elimination of solid waste.
Bone Structure
- The periosteum is the dense fibrous membrane that covers bone.
- Growth (epiphyseal) plates of bone, made of hyaline cartilage, appear radiographically at the end of long bones around age 2-3 years.
- Sesamoid bones are small, oval-shaped bones found in tendons.
Bone Types
- Examples of "flat" bones include ribs, sternum, scapulae, and pelvis.
Movement and Positioning
- Pronation is the movement of turning or bending the wrist and hand toward the ulna.
- Adduction is the movement of an arm or leg toward the body.
- Medial rotation is the rotation of an anterior body part toward the inside (median plane).
- CR angle towards the head refers to the angle at which the central ray is directed towards the head.
Radiography Fundamentals
- Two projections are generally required for a chest radiograph.
- Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays on November 8, 1895.
- Distortion in radiography refers to the difference between the actual size and shape of an object and its radiographic image.
- SNR stands for Signal-to-Noise Ratio in radiography.
- ALARA stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable in radiography, referring to minimizing radiation exposure.
- Contrast in radiography refers to the difference in density between adjacent areas in a radiograph.
Skeletal System
- There are 126 bones in the adult appendicular skeleton.
- The elbow joint displays a "hinge" type of movement.
Radiographic Projections
- An axiolateral projection is created with the central ray (CR) directed at a 10 degree angle or more along or parallel to the long axis of the body.
- The decubitus position refers to lying down in any position.
- The lordotic position is a general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (special chest projection).
- A tangential projection is created when the CR skims a body part.
Anatomical Directions and Positions
- The opposite term for supination is pronation.
- The dorsum pedis is the surface of the foot.
- Circumduction is a circular movement of a body part, such as the arm or leg.
- The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Radiographic Projections and Positions
- A minimum of two projections are taken for a post-reduction (realign a fracture) study of the ankle.
- A dorsoplantar projection is performed when the sole of the foot is placed against the image receptor (IR) with a perpendicular CR entering the top of the foot.
- A lateral projection with the head and neck hyperextended is performed when the patient's head and neck are hyperextended with the top of the skull directly against the IR and the CR enters just below the chin.
- A left lateral decubitus position is achieved when a patient is lying on their back (face up) with the x-ray tube horizontal, CR entering the right side of the body, and IR adjacent to the left side of the body.
- When placing radiographs of the lower leg, the toes of the foot should point towards the IR.
- A PA erect position is achieved when a patient is erect and leaning the shoulders backward 20 to 30 degrees toward the IR with a perpendicular CR.
- A RAO (Right Anterior Oblique) position is achieved when a patient is erect facing the IR, and the right side of the body is turned 45° toward the IR.
- In a radiographic image of the chest in the erect PA projection, the left side of the radiographic image should be placed on the left side of the monitor or view box.
- A minimum of two projections are required to be taken for a radiographic study of a patient with a piece of wire in their palm.
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Description
Test your knowledge of radiographic imaging projections with this quiz. Learn about the minimal number of projections for ankle and right wrist studies, positioning of patients for PA or AP projections, and the placement of decubitus chest projections. Challenge yourself with true/false questions on radiographic imaging techniques.
