Radiation Protection Principles

Study Notes

Filtration: Metal filters, typically aluminum or copper, are placed within the x-ray tube housing.
- These filters absorb low-energy x-rays before they reach the patient.
Collimation: Restricts the x-ray beam to only the area being examined, minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding tissue.
- This reduces scatter radiation and enhances image contrast.

Lead-impregnated material used to protect reproductive organs from radiation exposure.
Essential for patients of childbearing age when the gonads are within or close to the x-ray beam, unless it compromises the diagnostic value.

Lead-lined walls or lead glass windows are placed where the radiographer stands during exposure.

Understand and apply the three cardinal principles of radiation protection: time, distance, and shielding.
Familiarity should not lead to complacency.
Never stand in the primary beam.
Always wear protective apparel when not behind a barrier.
Always wear a radiation monitor positioned outside the protective apron at the collar.
Never hold a patient during radiographic examination. Use mechanical restraints when possible. Otherwise, have parents or friends hold the patient.
The person holding the patient must always wear a protective apron and, if possible, protective gloves.
Use gonadal shields on all people of childbearing age, unless it interferes with the examination.
Pelvic and lower abdominal examinations for pregnant patients should be avoided, particularly during the first trimester.
Always collimate to the smallest field size appropriate for the examination.