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Questions and Answers
What is defined as the energy capacity to do work or cause physical change?
What is defined as the energy capacity to do work or cause physical change?
Which type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms?
Which type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms?
What type of bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?
What type of bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
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What does the mass number of an atom represent?
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
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Which model proposed that atoms consist of a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons?
Which model proposed that atoms consist of a dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons?
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What term describes the time required for half of the atoms in a radioactive substance to decay?
What term describes the time required for half of the atoms in a radioactive substance to decay?
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What concept describes the behavior of electrons in atoms as wave functions?
What concept describes the behavior of electrons in atoms as wave functions?
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What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
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What does frequency measure in terms of wave behavior?
What does frequency measure in terms of wave behavior?
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What is a neutrally charged atom called?
What is a neutrally charged atom called?
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Which type of radiation includes high-energy electromagnetic radiation?
Which type of radiation includes high-energy electromagnetic radiation?
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What is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together?
What is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together?
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In ionic bonding, how do atoms achieve stability?
In ionic bonding, how do atoms achieve stability?
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Flashcards
Ionizing Radiation
Ionizing Radiation
Radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy
The energy of an object due to its motion.
Potential Energy
Potential Energy
Stored energy based on an object's position or state.
Atom
Atom
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Protons
Protons
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Neutrons
Neutrons
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Electrons
Electrons
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Compound
Compound
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Isotope
Isotope
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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Mass Number
Mass Number
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Frequency
Frequency
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Wavelength
Wavelength
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Half-Life
Half-Life
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Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Decay
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Study Notes
Radiation Physics Test 1 Objectives
- Define: Matter, Radiation, Energy, Ionizing radiation, Physics, and Radiation Physics
- Define and distinguish between Kinetic and Potential energy
- Differentiate the different forms of energy (Chemical, Electrical, etc.)
- Describe the structural levels when substances are broken down (Compounds, Element, Molecule, Atom, Nucleus, Nucleons, Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons)
- Discuss the concept of electron shells
- Define: Neutral atom, Ion, Isotope, Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Atomic Weight
- Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonding
- State the composition of alpha, beta, and gamma rays
- Define wavelength and frequency
- Designate and define the four units of radiation measurement (Roentgen, Rad, Rem, and Curie)
- State the progression of the atomic structure concept
- Calculate and specify the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each shell (2n²)
- Specify the maximum number of electrons an outer shell can contain
- Define: Radioactive disintegration, Decay, Nuclide, and Half-life
- Classify the types of ionizing radiation (Particulate and Electromagnetic, X-rays, Electron cloud, Gamma, Alpha, and Beta)
- Review in-class notes and worksheets
- Study only what was covered in class and not included here
Additional Concepts
- Matter: Anything with mass and occupies space.
- Radiation: Emission or transfer of energy in the form of waves or particles. It's the transfer of energy.
- Energy: The capacity to do work or cause physical change.
- Ionizing Radiation: Radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. Removing an electron from an atom.
- Physics: The natural science that studies matter, its motion, and behavior through space and time.
- Radiation Physics: The study of the properties and effects of radiation.
- Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion
- Potential Energy: Stored energy based on position or state (has potential to do work)
- Chemical Energy: Stored in chemical bonds (ex: batteries, dynamite). Released by a chemical reaction.
- Electrical Energy: Associated with movement of charges (ex: electricity). Work can be done when an electron moves through electric potential difference (voltage)
- Compound: A substance composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together.
- Element: A pure substance consisting of one type of atom.
- Atom: The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
- Nucleus: The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons
- Nucleons: Protons and neutrons
- Electrons: Negatively charged subatomic particles.
- Protons: Positively charged subatomic particles
- Neutrons: Subatomic particles with no charge.
- Electron Shells: A concept that describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's energy levels.
- Neutral Atom: An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons.
- Ion: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge.
- Isotope: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
- Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
- Atomic Weight: The average mass of atoms of an element, considering the abundance of isotopes.
- lonic Bonding: Transfer of electrons between atoms, creating charged ions.
- Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electrons between atoms
- Alpha Rays: Helium nuclei (2 protons, 2 neutrons), Particulate radiation
- Beta Rays: High-speed electrons or positrons, Particulate radiation
- Gamma Rays: High-energy electromagnetic radiation.
- Wavelength: The distance between successive peaks of a wave.
- Frequency: The number of waves that pass a point per second.
- Roentgen (C/kg): Unit that measures exposure to radiation
- Rad (Gray): Unit that measures absorbed dose of radiation
- Rem (Sievert): Unit that measures dose equivalent, radiation exposure
- Curie (Bq): Unit that measures radioactivity, how radioactive something is.
- Radioactive Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy
- Nuclide: A specific isotope of an element.
- Half-life: The time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of radiation physics. This quiz covers topics such as matter, energy forms, atomic structure, and radiation measurement. Perfect for students to assess their understanding of essential physics principles.
