Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the radiation dose of a typical intraoral radiograph?
What is the radiation dose of a typical intraoral radiograph?
- 2 µSv (correct)
- 14 µSv
- 20 µSv
- 39 µSv
How much radiation does a complete cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of both jaws expose a patient to?
How much radiation does a complete cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of both jaws expose a patient to?
- 84 µSv (correct)
- 39 µSv
- 14 µSv
- 20 µSv
What radiation dose is associated with a cephalometric radiograph?
What radiation dose is associated with a cephalometric radiograph?
- 20 µSv
- 6 µSv (correct)
- 2 µSv
- 14 µSv
Which principle ensures that patients are only exposed to ionizing radiation when the benefits outweigh the risks?
Which principle ensures that patients are only exposed to ionizing radiation when the benefits outweigh the risks?
What is the recommended radiation dose limit for non-classified workers?
What is the recommended radiation dose limit for non-classified workers?
What is the purpose of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL)?
What is the purpose of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL)?
What dose would a section of jaw radiograph with cone-beam computed tomography produce?
What dose would a section of jaw radiograph with cone-beam computed tomography produce?
How does substituting periapical X-rays with CT scans affect population dose in the UK?
How does substituting periapical X-rays with CT scans affect population dose in the UK?
What is the primary measure of absorbed dose of radiation?
What is the primary measure of absorbed dose of radiation?
Which factor is NOT considered in the equivalent dose calculation?
Which factor is NOT considered in the equivalent dose calculation?
Which type of dose is considered the gold standard for assessing radiation risk?
Which type of dose is considered the gold standard for assessing radiation risk?
What is the risk of cancer induction for women following a dental radiograph?
What is the risk of cancer induction for women following a dental radiograph?
Which tissue is identified as the most radiosensitive?
Which tissue is identified as the most radiosensitive?
Which ionizing radiation type has the highest radiation weighting factor?
Which ionizing radiation type has the highest radiation weighting factor?
What is the average background radiation exposure in the UK, measured per year?
What is the average background radiation exposure in the UK, measured per year?
How is the effective dose calculated?
How is the effective dose calculated?
Flashcards
Intraoral Radiograph Radiation Dose
Intraoral Radiograph Radiation Dose
Less than 2 µSv, equivalent to a fraction of a day's background radiation.
Panoramic Radiograph Dose
Panoramic Radiograph Dose
20 µSv, approximately equivalent to 2-3 days of typical background radiation.
Cephalometric Radiograph Dose
Cephalometric Radiograph Dose
Less than 6 µSv, about equivalent to one day's background radiation.
CBCT Dose (Section)
CBCT Dose (Section)
39 µSv, which is equivalent to 2 panoramic radiographs.
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CBCT Dose (Full Jaw)
CBCT Dose (Full Jaw)
84 µSv, equivalent to 4 panoramic radiographs.
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Justification Principle (Radiation)
Justification Principle (Radiation)
Radiation exposure must be justified by the benefit to the patient.
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Optimization Principle (Radiation)
Optimization Principle (Radiation)
Use the lowest possible radiation dose while achieving diagnostic needs (ALARP).
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Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL)
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL)
Recommended radiation doses for common dental X-ray examinations, set for typical patients.
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Absorbed Dose
Absorbed Dose
The amount of energy deposited per unit mass of tissue by ionizing radiation. Measured in Gray (Gy).
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Equivalent Dose
Equivalent Dose
Considers both the absorbed dose and the type of radiation's ionizing potential. Measured in Sievert (Sv).
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Effective Dose
Effective Dose
Accounts for the different radiosensitivity of varying tissues. Measured in Sievert (Sv).
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Radiation Weighting Factor
Radiation Weighting Factor
A factor used to adjust absorbed dose to account for the type of radiation's biological effect, enabling a comparison between different radiation types.
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Tissue Weighting Factor
Tissue Weighting Factor
Factors for the different radiosensitivities of various organs and tissues. Used to convert equivalent dose to effective dose.
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Risk of radiation induced cancer (Dental X-ray)
Risk of radiation induced cancer (Dental X-ray)
The probability of developing cancer from dental x-ray radiation exposure (1 in 15000 mSv - men, 1 in 18000 mSv - women).
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Radiosensitive tissue
Radiosensitive tissue
Bone marrow is the most radio-sensitive tissue.
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Background Radiation (UK)
Background Radiation (UK)
Natural radiation exposure, primarily Radon gas in the UK, totaling approximately 2700 microSieverts per year, or 7 microSieverts per day.
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Intraoral Radiograph
- Less than 2 uSv and ¼ of a day's background radiation
- Examples: intraoral (periapical/bitewing) 2D radiograph - 2 uSv, DPT 2D radiograph - 20 uSv
- Cone-beam CT scan 3D (section) - 40 uSv
- Cone-beam CT scan 3D (all teeth in both jaws) - 80 uSv
Panoramic Radiograph
- 14-24 (20) uSv and 2-3 days of background radiation
Cephalometric Radiograph
- Less than 6 uSv and 1 day of background radiation
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
- 3D image, dose depends on how big the area you image is
- Both Jaw radiograph = 84 uSv = 39 uSv = 2 panoramic radiographs
Radiation Concerns in Dental X-Rays
- Cumulative effects of ionizing radiation
- Biological Harm Potential: Even low doses can increase lifetime cancer risk
- Professional Impact: Numerous cumulative population dose
- Comparison of Techniques: Substituting periapical X-rays with CT scans would significantly increase the UK's cumulative population dose
International Commission on Radiographical Protection (ICRP)
- Justification: Patient should only be exposed to ionizing radiation if benefits outweigh risks
- Optimization: Use lowest dose possible (ALARP - as low as reasonably practicable)
- Dose Limitation: (only applies to staff and public)
- Efforts made to reduce exposure to patients, also reduce exposure to dental staff
- Ensure no individual is exposed to high diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
- No dose limits for patients exposed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
- Dose limit: Classified Workers – 20mSv
- Dose limit: Non-classified Workers – 6mSv
Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)
- DLR is a dose level for typical examination on standard-sized patients
- DLR is essentially a reference, recommended dose, for common X-ray examinations
- Not normally exceeded without good reason
- It can be set locally or with a medical physics expert or Public Health England
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