LECTURE 4 ~~~~ FROM NOTES
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LECTURE 4 ~~~~ FROM NOTES

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Questions and Answers

What is the radiation dose of a typical intraoral radiograph?

  • 2 µSv (correct)
  • 14 µSv
  • 20 µSv
  • 39 µSv
  • How much radiation does a complete cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of both jaws expose a patient to?

  • 84 µSv (correct)
  • 39 µSv
  • 14 µSv
  • 20 µSv
  • What radiation dose is associated with a cephalometric radiograph?

  • 20 µSv
  • 6 µSv (correct)
  • 2 µSv
  • 14 µSv
  • Which principle ensures that patients are only exposed to ionizing radiation when the benefits outweigh the risks?

    <p>Justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended radiation dose limit for non-classified workers?

    <p>6 mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRL)?

    <p>To provide a recommended dose for standard examinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dose would a section of jaw radiograph with cone-beam computed tomography produce?

    <p>39 µSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does substituting periapical X-rays with CT scans affect population dose in the UK?

    <p>Significantly increase the cumulative population dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary measure of absorbed dose of radiation?

    <p>Gray (Gy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered in the equivalent dose calculation?

    <p>Energy of the radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose is considered the gold standard for assessing radiation risk?

    <p>Effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of cancer induction for women following a dental radiograph?

    <p>1 in 18000 mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is identified as the most radiosensitive?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ionizing radiation type has the highest radiation weighting factor?

    <p>Alpha particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average background radiation exposure in the UK, measured per year?

    <p>2700 uSv/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the effective dose calculated?

    <p>Sum of (equivalent dose x tissue weighting factor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intraoral Radiograph

    • Less than 2 uSv and ¼ of a day's background radiation
    • Examples: intraoral (periapical/bitewing) 2D radiograph - 2 uSv, DPT 2D radiograph - 20 uSv
    • Cone-beam CT scan 3D (section) - 40 uSv
    • Cone-beam CT scan 3D (all teeth in both jaws) - 80 uSv

    Panoramic Radiograph

    • 14-24 (20) uSv and 2-3 days of background radiation

    Cephalometric Radiograph

    • Less than 6 uSv and 1 day of background radiation

    Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

    • 3D image, dose depends on how big the area you image is
    • Both Jaw radiograph = 84 uSv = 39 uSv = 2 panoramic radiographs

    Radiation Concerns in Dental X-Rays

    • Cumulative effects of ionizing radiation
    • Biological Harm Potential: Even low doses can increase lifetime cancer risk
    • Professional Impact: Numerous cumulative population dose
    • Comparison of Techniques: Substituting periapical X-rays with CT scans would significantly increase the UK's cumulative population dose

    International Commission on Radiographical Protection (ICRP)

    • Justification: Patient should only be exposed to ionizing radiation if benefits outweigh risks
    • Optimization: Use lowest dose possible (ALARP - as low as reasonably practicable)
    • Dose Limitation: (only applies to staff and public)
      • Efforts made to reduce exposure to patients, also reduce exposure to dental staff
      • Ensure no individual is exposed to high diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
      • No dose limits for patients exposed for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
      • Dose limit: Classified Workers – 20mSv
      • Dose limit: Non-classified Workers – 6mSv

    Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs)

    • DLR is a dose level for typical examination on standard-sized patients
    • DLR is essentially a reference, recommended dose, for common X-ray examinations
    • Not normally exceeded without good reason
    • It can be set locally or with a medical physics expert or Public Health England

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    Description

    This quiz covers various types of dental radiographs, including intraoral, panoramic, cephalometric, and cone-beam CT scans. It discusses radiation doses, background radiation comparisons, and radiation concerns, as well as the potential biological harm of ionizing radiation. Test your knowledge of dental imaging and radiation safety practices.

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