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What type of film is recommended for use in intraoral radiography?
What type of film is recommended for use in intraoral radiography?
What is one of the disadvantages of using Analog Film?
What is one of the disadvantages of using Analog Film?
What is one of the uses of radiographs in dentistry?
What is one of the uses of radiographs in dentistry?
What is the purpose of the intensifying screen in Indirect Film?
What is the purpose of the intensifying screen in Indirect Film?
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What is the best method for protecting dental staff from ionizing radiation?
What is the best method for protecting dental staff from ionizing radiation?
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What type of film is considered to achieve similar lower radiation doses for patients?
What type of film is considered to achieve similar lower radiation doses for patients?
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How far should the radiographer stand from the radiation source?
How far should the radiographer stand from the radiation source?
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What is the benefit of using E- or F-speed film?
What is the benefit of using E- or F-speed film?
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What is the main difference between Direct Film and Indirect Film?
What is the main difference between Direct Film and Indirect Film?
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What is the purpose of wearing a lead or lead-free apron with thyroid shielding?
What is the purpose of wearing a lead or lead-free apron with thyroid shielding?
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What is the benefit of using rectangular collimation?
What is the benefit of using rectangular collimation?
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What is the name of the technology used in Digital Film?
What is the name of the technology used in Digital Film?
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What is the ideal focus-to-skin distance?
What is the ideal focus-to-skin distance?
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What is the benefit of correct positioning of the patient, image receptor, and tube head?
What is the benefit of correct positioning of the patient, image receptor, and tube head?
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What is the purpose of the 6-feet rule?
What is the purpose of the 6-feet rule?
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What is the benefit of using more radiation-sensitive image receptors?
What is the benefit of using more radiation-sensitive image receptors?
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What should be used to wrap PSPPs in intraoral radiography?
What should be used to wrap PSPPs in intraoral radiography?
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What is a disadvantage of PSPPs?
What is a disadvantage of PSPPs?
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What is a characteristic of Solid-State Sensors?
What is a characteristic of Solid-State Sensors?
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What is a disadvantage of direct digital sensors?
What is a disadvantage of direct digital sensors?
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What should be considered when selecting a radiographic technique?
What should be considered when selecting a radiographic technique?
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What is a recommended practice for intraoral radiography?
What is a recommended practice for intraoral radiography?
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What should periapical radiographs show?
What should periapical radiographs show?
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What is the most accurate technique for taking intraoral radiographs?
What is the most accurate technique for taking intraoral radiographs?
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What is the main purpose of bitewing radiography?
What is the main purpose of bitewing radiography?
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What is the main drawback of the bisecting angle technique?
What is the main drawback of the bisecting angle technique?
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What is the position of the sagittal plane in the anterior maxillary occlusal technique?
What is the position of the sagittal plane in the anterior maxillary occlusal technique?
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What is the direction of the central x-ray beam in the bisecting angle technique?
What is the direction of the central x-ray beam in the bisecting angle technique?
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What is the 'SLOB rule' used for?
What is the 'SLOB rule' used for?
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In the anterior mandibular occlusal technique, what is the position of the occlusal plane?
In the anterior mandibular occlusal technique, what is the position of the occlusal plane?
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What is the direction of the central x-ray beam in the anterior mandibular occlusal technique?
What is the direction of the central x-ray beam in the anterior mandibular occlusal technique?
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What is the position of the image receptor in the bitewing radiography?
What is the position of the image receptor in the bitewing radiography?
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What is the purpose of shifting the horizontal angle of the x-ray machine in intraoral radiography?
What is the purpose of shifting the horizontal angle of the x-ray machine in intraoral radiography?
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What is a characteristic of panoramic imaging?
What is a characteristic of panoramic imaging?
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What is an indication for the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)?
What is an indication for the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)?
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What is an advantage of ultrasound imaging?
What is an advantage of ultrasound imaging?
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What is the main difference between intraoral radiography and extraoral radiography?
What is the main difference between intraoral radiography and extraoral radiography?
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What is a common use of Cephalometric Imaging?
What is a common use of Cephalometric Imaging?
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What is a disadvantage of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)?
What is a disadvantage of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)?
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What is an advantage of using Panoramic machines with solid-state sensors?
What is an advantage of using Panoramic machines with solid-state sensors?
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Study Notes
Radiographs
- Used to diagnose:
- Interproximal caries
- Periapical infection
- Impacted teeth
- Dental fractures
- Follow up on treatment outcomes
Protection of Dental Staff
- Best method: use of shielding (solid walls with a lead glass window)
- Radiographer should stand:
- At 90 degrees to or behind the radiation source
- At least 6 feet (2 m) from the radiation source
- If insufficient distance, wear a lead or lead-free apron with thyroid shielding
- 6-feet rule applies to panoramic and cephalometric imaging
- For CBCT imaging, stand behind a radioprotective barrier
Protection of Patient
- Additional techniques to reduce radiation burden:
- Lead or lead-free apron with thyroid collar
- Rectangular collimation of the x-ray beam
- Correct focus-to-skin distance (minimum 8 inches/20 cm)
- More radiation-sensitive image receptors
- Rectangular collimation:
- Limits surface being irradiated to image receptor size, reducing radiation dose by about 50%
- Decreases scatter in patient's tissues, resulting in better image quality
- Focus-to-skin distance:
- Ideal minimum distance: 8 inches (20 cm) to reduce low-energy x-radiation
- Image receptors:
- Fast image receptors recommended to minimize exposure time and radiation dose
- E- or F-speed film or digital image receptors recommended for lower radiation doses
Radiographic Image Receptors
Analog Film
- Direct Film:
- Film of choice for intraoral radiography
- Highly sensitive to x-rays
- Only E- or F-speed film recommended
- Disadvantages:
- Double exposures
- Difficulty sharing films and storing chemicals/processor
- Indirect Film:
- Used in panoramic and cephalometric imaging
- More sensitive to light than x-rays
- Short exposure time, but images are less sharp
Digital Film
- Photostimulable Phosphor Storage Plates (PSPPs):
- Referred to as indirect digital imaging
- Image captured in analog format, converted to digital image when scanned
- Come in different sizes, can be used for intraoral or extraoral applications
- Disadvantages:
- Susceptible to scratches, bite marks, and creasing
- Damage to phosphor layer is irreversible and visible in the image
- Solid-State Sensors:
- Known as direct digital receptors
- Display radiographic image instantaneously after exposure
- Disadvantages:
- Bulky and not easy to position in the patient's mouth
- Shielded wire cable can be damaged by repeated biting
Radiographic Techniques
Intraoral Radiography
- Patient size and cooperation must be considered
- Technique selection:
- Timer must be accurate for short exposure times
- Radiation-sensitive image receptors recommended
- Rectangular collimation of the radiation beam advised
- Film positioning devices or image receptor holder recommended
Techniques
- Periapical Radiography:
- Show crown of the tooth and at least 3 mm beyond the apex
- Two techniques:
- Paralleling Technique:
- Most accurate technique for intraoral radiographs
- Image receptor parallel to the long axis of the teeth
- X-ray beam directed perpendicular to the image receptor
- Bisecting Angle Technique:
- Image receptor positioned close to the teeth
- Central x-ray directed perpendicular to a line bisecting the angle created by the tooth and image receptor
- Drawbacks:
- Elongation or foreshortening (vertical angulation errors)
- Interproximal overlap (horizontal angulation errors)
- Paralleling Technique:
Extraoral Radiography
- Panoramic Imaging:
- Obtained through tomography
- Image magnified by a factor of around 1.3
- Some machines enable bitewing look-alike images
- Cephalometric Imaging:
- Used in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery
- Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT):
- Delivers higher radiation than traditional radiographic techniques
- Ideal for imaging hard tissues, including bone and teeth
- Indications:
- Localization of impacted canines and third molars
- Visualization of maxillofacial pathologies for assessing extension or surgery planning
- Visualization of the condyles and glenoid fossa
- Visualization of the maxillary sinuses
- Ultrasound Imaging:
- Excellent for investigating soft tissues
- Does not involve ionizing radiation
- Appropriate for fine-needle aspirations
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Description
This quiz covers the uses of radiographs in dentistry, including diagnosis and treatment follow-up, as well as methods for protecting dental staff from ionizing radiation.
