Racialized Environments: US and Canada

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Questions and Answers

What is the racial makeup of Americans according to the text?

Americans are 60% White, with large Hispanic (20%) and Black (13%) populations, and smaller percentages of other racial groups, with the Indigenous population being less than half of one percent.

What is the historical background of the Black population in the US?

The Black population in the US mostly has its roots in enslavement, and most Black Americans have ancestors who were enslaved. For most of American history, Black people were physically not allowed to be where white people were.

How does the text describe the current living situation of American Blacks?

American Blacks still live largely segregated today, with certain neighborhoods and sometimes whole cities like Atlanta having very high Black populations (in some neighborhoods, it's near 100%).

What unique racial history does America have according to the text?

America has a unique racial history, with some things applying differently in other places due to its specific racial makeup and historical background, such as the legacy of enslavement and segregation experienced by the Black population. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the racial disparities in the US and Canada regarding housing and neighborhoods.

In the US, racial segregation in white communities leads to low numbers of Black Americans living in them, while the Hispanic population has large ethnic neighborhoods with shoddy housing and sanitation issues due to undocumented migration. In Canada, smaller groups of various races live alongside the white population, and 40% of the population is within one generation of migration. Signup and view all the answers

What are the health and income/wealth disparities based on race in the US and Canada?

In the US, there is a health and mortality gap and an income/wealth gap that benefits whites and Asians and disadvantages Blacks and Hispanics. In Canada, all groups except Indigenous Canadians live longer and are healthier than white Canadians, and the income gap is smaller and more complicated, with a migration system that leans heavily on economic migration. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the economic equality and poverty connected to race in America and Canada.

The US is much less economically equal than Canada, with a higher GINI index, and poverty is substantially more connected to race in America than in Canada. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the treatment of Indigenous People in America and Canada?

The story of American harm to Indigenous People is longer and more intense than the Canadian story, despite the larger Indigenous population in Canada. Signup and view all the answers

Define structural racism and environmental justice.

Structural racism refers to the systemic patterns and social outcomes associated with assigning people to and discriminating by race. Environmental Justice stresses the need for equitable distribution of environmental goods and bads between people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the economic connection between economic practices and racial categorization?

Racial capitalism Signup and view all the answers

How many people in the US lack water and sewage connections?

Over 1.5 million Signup and view all the answers

What historic practice perpetuated structural racism in the US?

Redlining Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the practice that limited Indigenous rights and land management?

Settler colonialism Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge has been overlooked by settler knowledge systems?

Indigenous ecological knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What did Indigenous populations lose under settler colonialism?

Land Signup and view all the answers

What does the Menominee Nation combine with a functional timber industry?

Traditional stewardship Signup and view all the answers

What do Indigenous communities face in terms of resource decisions?

Imposed resource decisions against their desires Signup and view all the answers

What country has issues with oil and gas pipeline expansion through Indigenous land?

Canada Signup and view all the answers

What is a persisting problem in Indigenous communities in Canada?

Access to clean water Signup and view all the answers

What do structural inequities create in terms of environmental and infrastructural issues?

Environmental and infrastructural injustices Signup and view all the answers

What does environmental injustice create for non-white communities in the US and Canada?

More pollution and health threats than white communities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Injustice and Colonialism

Non-white communities in the US and Canada face more pollution and health threats than white communities.
Racial capitalism links economic practices with racial categorization.
Structural inequities create environmental and infrastructural injustices.
Over 1.5 million people in the US lack water and sewage connections.
Redlining, a historic practice, perpetuated structural racism in the US.
Settler colonialism limited Indigenous rights and land management.
Indigenous ecological knowledge has been overlooked by settler knowledge systems.
Indigenous populations lost land through treaties or violence under settler colonialism.
Menominee Nation combines traditional stewardship with a functional timber industry.
Indigenous communities face imposed resource decisions against their desires.
Canada has issues with oil and gas pipeline expansion through Indigenous land.
Access to clean water in Indigenous communities in Canada is a persisting problem.

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Description

Explore the concepts of structural environmental racism, environmental justice, settler colonialism, and whiteness and nature in the context of the US and Canada's racial history.