21 Questions
What percentage of the American population is White?
60%
Where do Black Americans mostly have their roots according to the text?
Enslavement
What is the percentage of the Indigenous population in the US?
Less than half of one percent
In which city do some neighborhoods have a very high Black population, near 100%?
Atlanta
Which country has a larger income gap and is less economically equal?
The US
What percentage of the Canadian population is white?
70%
Which group in Canada lives longer and is healthier than white Canadians?
All visible minority groups except Indigenous Canadians
What does structural environmental racism refer to?
The creation and distribution of environmental goods and bads, unevenly distributed by race
What event in the US highlighted environmental racism by affecting African American residents overwhelmingly?
The Flint Water Crisis
According to a 1987 report, what accounts for the disproportionate exposure of minority populations to environmental and public health dangers in the US?
Race
Where are hazardous waste treatment facilities often sited in and around?
Minority and low-income communities
What does environmental justice stress the need for?
Equitable distribution of environmental goods and bads between people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or gender
What does structural racism refer to?
Systemic patterns and social outcomes associated with assigning and discriminating by race
Where is London, ON mentioned as an example of environmental racism?
Waste treatment facilities situated downwind from specific demographic communities
What is the term used to link capitalistic economic practices to racial categorization, contributing to environmental injustice?
Racial capitalism
Which historic practice in the US led to economic disenfranchisement of people of color, correlating with current health disparities?
Redlining
What practice does the Menominee Nation in the US combine with traditional stewardship to maintain a biodiverse land due to upheld sovereignty?
Functional timber industry
What issue in Canada involves the violation of Indigenous rights to environmental resources and decision-making due to the expansion of oil and gas pipelines through Indigenous land?
Wet'suwet'en issue and protests
What organization objects to the criminalization of Wet'suwet'en land defenders in Canada, emphasizing the ongoing struggle for Indigenous rights and environmental justice?
Amnesty International
What contributes to disparities in national park visitors and participation in environmental fields due to historically less accessibility for minority communities?
'Adventure gap'
What does settler colonialism in the US enforce that leads to the overlooking of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge?
'Cultural assimilation'
Study Notes
Environmental Injustice and Indigenous Sovereignty
- In the United States, non-white communities face higher exposure to polluting land uses and health threats compared to white communities, and a similar trend is observed in Canada to some extent.
- The concept of racial capitalism links capitalistic economic practices to racial categorization, contributing to environmental injustice.
- Structural inequities create and reinforce environmental and infrastructural injustices, with over 1.5 million people in the US lacking water and sewage connections.
- Redlining, a historic practice in the US, led to economic disenfranchisement of people of color, correlating with current health disparities.
- Settler colonialism in the US enforces limited rights and representation of Indigenous people, leading to the overlooking of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge.
- The Menominee Nation in the US combines traditional stewardship with a functional timber industry, maintaining a biodiverse land due to upheld sovereignty.
- Highly impactful resource decisions are imposed on native lands, such as the Dakota Access Pipeline, against the desires of Indigenous communities in the US.
- In Canada, the expansion of oil and gas pipelines through Indigenous land violates their rights to environmental resources and decision-making, as seen in the Wet'suwet'en issue and protests.
- Indigenous communities in Canada often lack access to safe, clean water despite the government's fiduciary responsibility, with nearly 200 communities under permanent boil water advisories in 2015.
- Historically, nature and outdoor experiences have been less accessible to minority communities, leading to disparities in national park visitors and participation in environmental fields.
- The skewed perception of "nature" as a "white" space has contributed to the "adventure gap," highlighting the need to rethink and overcome assumptions for more equity and fairness.
- Amnesty International objects to the criminalization of Wet'suwet'en land defenders in Canada, emphasizing the ongoing struggle for Indigenous rights and environmental justice.
Explore the concepts of structural environmental racism, environmental justice, settler colonialism, and whiteness in the context of racialized environments. Understand the unique racial history of America and its impact on social structures.
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