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What role does ethnicity play in social structures according to the content?
What role does ethnicity play in social structures according to the content?
Racism is a new phenomenon that arose after the construction of Americanity.
Racism is a new phenomenon that arose after the construction of Americanity.
False
What impact did post-WWII changes have on racial segregation in the USA?
What impact did post-WWII changes have on racial segregation in the USA?
Segregation slowly started to become less prevalent.
Ethnicity can be a tool to justify the categorization of __________, particularly in historical contexts.
Ethnicity can be a tool to justify the categorization of __________, particularly in historical contexts.
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Match the term with its description:
Match the term with its description:
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What is the primary goal of decoloniality?
What is the primary goal of decoloniality?
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Decolonization completely eliminated coloniality.
Decolonization completely eliminated coloniality.
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What does patriarchal culture reserve for men according to Simone de Beauvoir?
What does patriarchal culture reserve for men according to Simone de Beauvoir?
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In a patriarchal society, the oldest male is the _____
In a patriarchal society, the oldest male is the _____
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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What does the concept of intersectionality emphasize?
What does the concept of intersectionality emphasize?
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Gender role socialization only occurs in the family context.
Gender role socialization only occurs in the family context.
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What term describes the social norms dictating behaviors attributed to men that include being strong and unemotional?
What term describes the social norms dictating behaviors attributed to men that include being strong and unemotional?
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_________ refers to discrimination based on gender or sex.
_________ refers to discrimination based on gender or sex.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the main characteristic that defines a minority group?
What is the main characteristic that defines a minority group?
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The end of colonialism also ends coloniality.
The end of colonialism also ends coloniality.
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What concept involves a socio-cultural hierarchy that differentiates between European and non-European populations?
What concept involves a socio-cultural hierarchy that differentiates between European and non-European populations?
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The concept of _____ relates to a type of social identity that connects individuals to their ancestral and cultural background.
The concept of _____ relates to a type of social identity that connects individuals to their ancestral and cultural background.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of ethnicity?
Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of ethnicity?
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Americanity represents a new world system that differs from the old European world.
Americanity represents a new world system that differs from the old European world.
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What term describes the communal boundaries shaping one’s identity and societal rank?
What term describes the communal boundaries shaping one’s identity and societal rank?
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What remains a challenge even after colonialism ended?
What remains a challenge even after colonialism ended?
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Wealthy countries are likely to share their wealth with poorer countries.
Wealthy countries are likely to share their wealth with poorer countries.
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What are the three economic zones in the World System Theory?
What are the three economic zones in the World System Theory?
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The core countries primarily gain profits from the _______ countries.
The core countries primarily gain profits from the _______ countries.
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Match the following economic zones with their descriptions:
Match the following economic zones with their descriptions:
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What shapes the economic development of poorer countries according to the concept of 'Dependent Development'?
What shapes the economic development of poorer countries according to the concept of 'Dependent Development'?
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The world system has changed rapidly in recent decades.
The world system has changed rapidly in recent decades.
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What has happened to the number of people facing hunger and starvation in recent years?
What has happened to the number of people facing hunger and starvation in recent years?
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Which theory argues that individuals should make their own economic decisions free from government intervention?
Which theory argues that individuals should make their own economic decisions free from government intervention?
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According to the Dependency Theory, poverty in low-income countries is primarily caused by the exploitation from wealthy nations.
According to the Dependency Theory, poverty in low-income countries is primarily caused by the exploitation from wealthy nations.
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What is the first stage of economic growth in the Modernization Theory?
What is the first stage of economic growth in the Modernization Theory?
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In the Modernization Theory, the stage where countries begin to change their values and start saving is known as the ______.
In the Modernization Theory, the stage where countries begin to change their values and start saving is known as the ______.
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Which stage of economic growth describes a country that has reached technological maturity?
Which stage of economic growth describes a country that has reached technological maturity?
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Match the following economic theories with their definitions:
Match the following economic theories with their definitions:
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The 'High mass consumption' stage is where a country's population begins to earn less income and struggles to spend.
The 'High mass consumption' stage is where a country's population begins to earn less income and struggles to spend.
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What was a significant historical factor leading to the exploitation of low-income countries according to the Dependency Theory?
What was a significant historical factor leading to the exploitation of low-income countries according to the Dependency Theory?
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Study Notes
Race, Ethnicity, and Racism
- Minority Group: A group facing societal disadvantage due to physical, ethnic, or cultural characteristics.
- Race: A concept based on perceived fundamental human differences, often linked to ancestral origins, resulting in inequality. (e.g., Black, White, Asian, Hispanic)
- Ethnicity: A social identity rooted in shared ancestral and cultural elements (e.g., language, history, religion, clothing). It differentiates groups from others.
- Americanity: A concept of a new world system, distinct from the "old" European world, with ideas of newness and colonialism.
- Coloniality: State hierarchies (e.g., empires, colonies) and power imbalances continue after colonialism.
Coloniality
- State hierarchies (power structures) continue even after formal colonial control ends, retaining inequities.
Ethnicity
- Collective Identity is used to locate one's place in society through shared ethnicity, interests, and/or age.
- Categorization serves to maintain and reinforce group boundaries.
- Ethnicity is often described as an inevitable outcome of colonialism, forming social barriers.
- It can justify categorization for labor control (e.g., slavery, factory work).
Racism
- Racism is a pre-existing concept, inherent in the concept of ethnicity.
- The ideas around race are still present, even after colonialism.
Decoloniality
- Challenges traditional hierarchies and seeks to deconstruct the legacies of colonialism in areas like knowledge, politics, and economics.
- Disagrees with traditional Eurocentric views.
- Aims to dismantle colonial power structures by highlighting and empowering marginalized groups.
Patriarchy
- Societal structure primarily controlled by men, with men typically holding positions of power and leadership.
- Men often dominate women and other social groups.
- Includes control over various aspects of society (e.g., economics, production, environment).
- Patriarchy is often deeply rooted in cultural norms and institutions.
Intersectionality
- A sociological perspective highlighting how multiple social group memberships intersect (e.g., race, gender, class, sexuality) and create unique experiences of social inequality that are not experienced by individuals belonging to only one social group.
Basic Concepts
- Sex: The biological and anatomical differences between males and females.
- Gender: Societal norms and expectations of behavior and characteristics associated with each sex.
- Sexuality: How people express their sexual attraction and form sexual relationships.
- Gender Inequality: Discrimination based solely on gender, an issue that still exists.
Social Role Construction
- Societal roles and expectations assigned at birth influence and shape individuals' gender identities.
Hegemonic Masculinity
- Societal norms that define men as strong, self-reliant, and unemotional.
- Any deviation from this, in effect, makes a man less of a "man."
- These norms and expectations can contribute to sexism and gender roles.
Feminism
- The sociological perspective focusing on gender's role and experiences, particularly those of women.
- Examines how societal power structures affect women and advocate for gender equality.
Gender
- The societal expectations and norms relating to behavior and characteristics linked with each biological sex.
Liberal & Radical Feminism
- Liberal feminism seeks to create equal access to different opportunities through changes in laws and social structures.
- Radical feminism focuses on male dominance and oppression as a root cause of gender inequality, seeking solutions that fundamentally challenge patriarchal systems.
Global Inequality & Inequality Measures
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Used to measure economic output/wealth per citizen in a country.
- High-income: Countries with highly developed economies.
- Middle-income: Countries with burgeoning economies and often diverse structures.
- Low-income: Countries with largely agricultural economies.
- Global Inequality: Systematic differences in wealth and power amongst countries.
Theories Explaining Global Inequality
- Market Oriented Theory: Economic development arises when individuals are free to make economic decisions, with minimal government intervention.
- Modernization Theory: A country's level of development depends on the extent to which its institutions, technologies, and cultural values reflect those of already developed countries.
- Dependency Theory: Development of some countries depends on the exploitation or underdevelopment of other countries.
- World System Theory: A single, global economic system with different economic structures (Core, Semiperiphery, and Periphery countries), where the core countries benefit from exploiting the periphery countries.
Conclusion
- Despite improvements, global inequalities in wealth, power, and other areas persist, with many low-income nations still facing significant challenges.
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Description
Test your understanding of the concepts of race, ethnicity, and coloniality. This quiz explores definitions, societal implications, and collective identities related to these important themes. Engage with multiple choice questions and deepen your comprehension of these critical social issues.
