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Questions and Answers
What is one of Durkheim's functions of religion?
What is one of Durkheim's functions of religion?
According to Weber, how does religion influence modern capitalism?
According to Weber, how does religion influence modern capitalism?
What component does Bibby consider essential for assessing religion's impact?
What component does Bibby consider essential for assessing religion's impact?
Which of the following statements best describes personal religiosity?
Which of the following statements best describes personal religiosity?
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What is one of the dimensions Bibby identifies in relation to religion?
What is one of the dimensions Bibby identifies in relation to religion?
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What major finding did Bibby discover concerning belief in God?
What major finding did Bibby discover concerning belief in God?
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Which aspect is emphasized in the organizational approach to assessing religion?
Which aspect is emphasized in the organizational approach to assessing religion?
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What does collective religiosity measure?
What does collective religiosity measure?
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What is the primary focus of the Split-Labour Market Theory?
What is the primary focus of the Split-Labour Market Theory?
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Which of the following concepts expresses that gender roles are socially constructed?
Which of the following concepts expresses that gender roles are socially constructed?
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According to the Kinsey Scale, which statement is accurate regarding sexual orientation?
According to the Kinsey Scale, which statement is accurate regarding sexual orientation?
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What is a critique of essentialism as it pertains to gender?
What is a critique of essentialism as it pertains to gender?
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Which individuals are highlighted as challenging traditional gender binaries?
Which individuals are highlighted as challenging traditional gender binaries?
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What does the Kinsey Scale illustrate about sexual orientation?
What does the Kinsey Scale illustrate about sexual orientation?
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Which feminist perspective focuses on the intersection of multiple social identities?
Which feminist perspective focuses on the intersection of multiple social identities?
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What role do discriminatory employment practices play according to the Split-Labour Market Theory?
What role do discriminatory employment practices play according to the Split-Labour Market Theory?
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How does Reginald Bibby define religion?
How does Reginald Bibby define religion?
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What is a key criticism of traditional religious perspectives as mentioned?
What is a key criticism of traditional religious perspectives as mentioned?
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According to Marx, how does religion serve individuals in society?
According to Marx, how does religion serve individuals in society?
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What view did Durkheim hold about the role of religion in society?
What view did Durkheim hold about the role of religion in society?
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What does Bibby indicate about Alberta's religious affiliation?
What does Bibby indicate about Alberta's religious affiliation?
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What does the humanist perspective focus on regarding religion?
What does the humanist perspective focus on regarding religion?
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How does Marx believe religion affects socio-economic structures?
How does Marx believe religion affects socio-economic structures?
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According to the content, what is the eventual fate of religion as proposed by Marx?
According to the content, what is the eventual fate of religion as proposed by Marx?
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What is the primary belief of radical views regarding women's oppression?
What is the primary belief of radical views regarding women's oppression?
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How do intersectionist views conceptualize women's oppression?
How do intersectionist views conceptualize women's oppression?
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According to Mathews, how do adolescent girls perceive beauty standards?
According to Mathews, how do adolescent girls perceive beauty standards?
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What alarming fact did Mathews find regarding breast augmentation surgeries?
What alarming fact did Mathews find regarding breast augmentation surgeries?
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What role do cultural and societal norms play in women's oppression according to the content?
What role do cultural and societal norms play in women's oppression according to the content?
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Which statement best reflects the state according to radical views?
Which statement best reflects the state according to radical views?
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What demographic variations do intersectionalist views emphasize in the experience of oppression?
What demographic variations do intersectionalist views emphasize in the experience of oppression?
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Which group did Mathews identify as a category of adolescent girls navigating beauty standards?
Which group did Mathews identify as a category of adolescent girls navigating beauty standards?
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What is considered a good source that may lead people to become religious?
What is considered a good source that may lead people to become religious?
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Which of the following statements about deprivation and religiosity is accurate?
Which of the following statements about deprivation and religiosity is accurate?
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Which religious groups have seen an increase in followers in Canada due to immigration?
Which religious groups have seen an increase in followers in Canada due to immigration?
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What does the term 'deviance' refer to?
What does the term 'deviance' refer to?
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Which behavior is an example of deviance but not necessarily a crime?
Which behavior is an example of deviance but not necessarily a crime?
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What does the Crime Funnel Model help to explain?
What does the Crime Funnel Model help to explain?
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Which perspective is part of the 7 Perspectives on Crime?
Which perspective is part of the 7 Perspectives on Crime?
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What term describes the practice of Canadians adopting fragments of traditional religions instead of the entire practices?
What term describes the practice of Canadians adopting fragments of traditional religions instead of the entire practices?
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What does control theory suggest is primarily responsible for deviant behavior?
What does control theory suggest is primarily responsible for deviant behavior?
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How is self-control established according to control theory?
How is self-control established according to control theory?
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According to labeling theory, what effect does being labeled as deviant have on an individual?
According to labeling theory, what effect does being labeled as deviant have on an individual?
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What is an example of the 'innovation' response in Merton's typology?
What is an example of the 'innovation' response in Merton's typology?
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What does 'ritualism' indicate in Merton's typology?
What does 'ritualism' indicate in Merton's typology?
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What is the main characteristic of 'retreatism' in Merton's typology?
What is the main characteristic of 'retreatism' in Merton's typology?
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Which of the following responses describes 'rebellion' in Merton's typology?
Which of the following responses describes 'rebellion' in Merton's typology?
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What fundamental aspect does Merton's typology address?
What fundamental aspect does Merton's typology address?
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Study Notes
Race and Ethnicity (II)
- Primordialism, according to van den Berghe, is a theory that ethnicity is an inherent and instinctive part of human nature. It suggests discrimination, prejudice, and ethnocentrism are natural behaviours.
- Frustration-aggression theory proposes that frustration can lead to aggression, sometimes directed at marginalized groups.
- Normative approach, and Merton's revision: Societal norms and values influence behavior & discrimination.
- The Vertical Mosaic: A societal model of Canada with differing levels of status for diverse ethnic groups.
- Split Labour Market Theory (Bonacich): Explores how racial and ethnic divisions in the labour market maintain inequalities.
Gender
- Sex is the biological and physical traits associated with men and women.
- Gender are the social constructs of behaviours and roles linked to men and women.
- The Sexual Continuum: Explains that sexual orientation exists on a spectrum.
- Essentialism: The belief that gender is determined by innate biological factors.
- Critiques to Essentialism: Highlight gender variation across cultures and histories.
- Socialist, Radical, Intersectionist feminist perspectives: Distinct approaches to understanding gender inequalities.
- The Body Beautiful: Examines adolescent girls' understanding of beauty standards.
Religion
- Religion, in Bibby's definition, represents a system for interpreting the world, typically including supernatural beliefs.
- Differentiating from Humanist perspectives: Humans create meaning in life, where religious perspectives often involve a supernatural being.
- The Three Foundational Theorists (Marx, Durkheim, Weber):
- Marx: Religion as "opium for the people" that masks societal inequalities.
- Durkheim: Religion as forming a collective conscience that influences behaviour and social cohesion.
- Weber: Religion as shaping social and economic structures (e.g. Protestant ethic and the rise of capitalism).
- Operationalizing Religiosity: Techniques to measure religiosity, looking at belief, practices, experience, and knowledge.
- Levels of Personal Religiosity: Measuring individual religiosity and how it affects life.
- Sources of Religion: Examining factors that lead to the emergence and evolution of religious beliefs.
Crime and Deviance
- Differentiate between Crime and Deviance: Crime is a violation of law, while deviance is a violation of societal norms, not necessarily illegal.
- Crime Funnel Model: Illustrates how crime is filtered/detected/punished by the justice system.
- Moral Crusaders: Individuals, groups, or movements dedicated to eliminating perceived threats, contributing to moral panics.
- Moral Panics: Widespread public fear, often exaggerated, about behaviours/activities or groups of people.
- Societal Responses to Crime: Analyses on why people engage in deviant behaviour.
- Seven Perspectives on Crime: Different frameworks for understanding why people engage in criminal activity: (Conflict, Functionalism, Postmodernism, Strain, Learning, Control, Labeling) and Merton's typology (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion).
Neutralization
- Norms and expectations influence expected behaviours.
- Deviance is the violation of norms or expectations.
- Crime is the violation of laws.
- Neutralization: How negative behaviours can be justified or rationalized to reduce feelings of guilt or shame.
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Description
Explore key theories related to race, ethnicity, and gender in this quiz. Covering primordialism, the frustration-aggression theory, and the sexual continuum, this quiz will help you understand the complexities of discrimination and societal norms. Test your knowledge on these critical social science concepts.
